• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.53-64
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• 2023

Earth fissures with several kilometers will inevitably approach or cross the metro line, significantly threatening the safety of the underground structure in the earth fissure site. However, the influence of the earth fissure site's amplification effect on the metro station's dynamic response is still unclear. A representative earth fissure in Xi'an was taken as an example to establish a numerical model of a metro station in the earth fissure site. The dynamic response characteristics of the metro stations at different distances from the earth fissure under various seismic waves were calculated. The results show that the existence of the earth fissure significantly amplifies the dynamic response of the nearby underground structures. The responses of the axial force, shear force, bending moment, normal stress, horizontal displacement, inter-story drift, and relative slip of the metro station were all amplified within a specific influence range. The amplification effect increases with the seismic wave intensity. The amplification effect caused by the earth fissure has relatively weak impacts on the axial shear, shear force, bending movement, normal stress, and horizontal movement; slightly larger impacts on the inter-story drift and acceleration; and a significant impact on the relative slip. The influence ranges of the axial force and normal stress are approximately 20 m. The influence ranges of the acceleration and inter-story drift can reach 30 m. Therefore, the seismic fortification level of the underground structure in the earth fissure site needs to be improved.

• Korea-Australia Rheology Journal
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.227-232
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• 2007

The use of various shearing apparatuses to study the phase behavior of poly(styrene-b-isoprene) diblock copolymer micelles is described. A DMTA rheometer was modified so that one can apply oscillatory shear and obtain the scattering pattern along the shear gradient direction. A cone and plate shear cell was designed to access scattering along the shear vorticity direction, and both oscillatory and steady shear can be applied. The most popular way to employ steady shear on relatively low viscosity fluids is to use a Couette cell, because a high shear rate can be readily achieved without disturbing the sample by overflow. In this work, oscillatory shear was used to obtain a single crystal-like scattering pattern, and thereby to examine the mechanism of the thermotropic transition between face-centered cubic (fcc) and body-centered cubic (bcc) lattices. By applying the steady shear, the response of the fcc lattices to various shear rates is discussed.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.25-35
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• 2001

For the ground resrxmse analysis, both in-situ and laboratory testing techniques such as downhole, SASW, resonant column and torsional shear tests were perlormed for Hong-Seong area. The grOlmd upper 30m is classified as SD since it has an average shear wave velocity as 209m/s. The response specLrums obtained by site-specific analyses generally satisfied the seismic code, but near the resonance period the motion was evaluated to be higher than the code.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.2982-2994
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• 1993

Low-velocity impact responses of composite laminates are investigated using the finite element method based on various theories. In two-dimensional nonlinear analysis, a displacement field considering higher order shear deformation and large deflection of the laminate is assumed and a finite element formulation is developed using a C$^{o}$-continuous 9-node plate element. Also, three-dimensional linear analysis based on the infinitesimal strain-displacement assumptions is performed using 8-node brick elements with incompatible modes. A modified Hertzian contact law is incorporated into the finite element program to evaluate the impact force. In the time integration, the Newmark constant acceleration algorithm is used in conjuction with successive iterations within each time step. Numerical results from static analysis as well as the impact response analysis are presented including impact force histories, deflections, strains in the laminate. Impact responses according to two typical low-velocity impact conditions are compared each other.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.68 no.2
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• pp.183-191
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• 2018

In this paper, harmonic responses of infilled multi-storey frames are obtained by using a single variable shear deformation theory (SVSDT) and dynamic stiffness formulations. Two different planar frame models are used which are fully infilled and soft storey. The infill walls are modeled by using equivalent diagonal strut approach. Firstly, free vibration analyses of bare frame and infilled frames are performed. The calculated natural frequencies are tabulated with finite element solution results. Then, harmonic response curves (HRCs) of frame models are plotted for different infill wall thickness values. All of the results are presented comparatively with Timoshenko beam theory results to reveal the effectiveness of SVSDT which considers the parabolic shear stress distribution along the frame member cross-sections.

• Proceedings of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea Conference
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• 1999.10a
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• pp.137-146
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• 1999

The SSI(Soil-Structure Interaction) analyses are being performed for the KNGR(Korean Next Generation Reactor) design because the KNGR is developed as a standard nuclear power plant concept enveloping various soil conditions. the SASSI program which adopts the flexible volume method is used for the SSI analyses. The soil curves used in the three dimensional SSI analyses of KNGR Nuclear Island(NI) structures are based on the upper bound shear modulus curve and lower bound damping degradation on SSI response the average shear modulus curve with average damping curve was used for two soil cases. This study presents the results of the variances by using different soil nonlinearity parameters based on the paametric SSI analyses. The results include the maximum member forces(shear and axial force) at the base of the NI structures and the 5% damping Floor Response Spectra (FRS) at some representative locations at the top of the NI superstructures. They are also compared together with the enveloped SSI results for eight soil cases and fixed-base analysis for rock case by using two control motions.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.281-302
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• 2010

An extended model for the response of a rigid footing on a reinforced foundation bed on super soft soil is proposed by incorporating the rough membrane element into the granular bed. The super soft soil, the granular bed and the reinforcement are modeled as non-linear Winkler springs, non-linear Pasternak layer and rough membrane respectively. The hyperbolic stress-displacement response of the super soft soil and the hyperbolic shear stress-shear strain response of the granular fill are considered. The finite deformation theory is used since large settlements are expected to develop due to deformation of the super-soft soil. Parametric studies quantify the effect of each parameter on the stress-settlement response of the reinforced foundation bed, the settlement and tension profiles.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.199-208
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• 2023

Seismic performance analysis is one of the fundamental steps in the design of new or retrofitting buildings. In the seismic performance analysis, the adapted spectral acceleration curve for a given site mainly governs the seismic behavior of buildings. Since every soil site (class) has a different impact on the spectral accelerations of input motions, different spectral acceleration curves have to be involved for every soil class that the building is located on top of. Modern seismic design codes (e.g., Eurocode 8, EC8, or Turkish Building Earthquake Code, TBEC) provide design response spectra for all the soil classes to be used in the building design or retrofitting. This research aims to evaluate the EC8 and TBEC based design response spectra using the spectra of real earthquake input motions that occurred (and were recorded at only soil classes A, B and C, no recording is available at soil class D) in a specific area in Turkey. It also conducts response spectrum analyses of 5, 10 and 13 floor reinforced concrete building models under EC8, TBEC and actual spectral response curves. The results indicate that the EC8 and especially TBEC given design response spectra cannot be able to represent the mean actual spectral acceleration curves at soil classes A, B and C. This is particularly observed at periods higher than 0.3 s, 0.42 s and 0.55 s for the TBEC design response spectra, 0.54 s, 0.65 s and 0.84 s for the EC8 design response spectra at soil classes A, B and C, respectively. This is also reflected to the shear forces of three building models, as actual spectral acceleration curves lead to the highest shear forces, followed by the shear forces obtained from EC8 and, then, the TBEC design response spectra.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.697-711
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• 2021

In this work, a simple quasi 3-D parabolic shear deformation theory is developed to examine the bending response of antisymmetric cross-ply laminated composite plates under different types of mechanical loading. The main feature of this theory is that, in addition to including the transverse shear deformation and thickness stretching effects, it has only five-unknown variables in the displacement field modeling like Mindlin's theory (FSDT), yet satisfies the zero shear stress conditions on the top and bottom surfaces of the plate without requiring a shear correction factor. The static version of principle of virtual work was employed to derive the governing equations, while the bending problem for simply supported antisymmetric cross-ply laminated plates was solved by a Navier-type closed-form solution procedure. The adequacy of the proposed model is handled by considering the impact of side-to-thickness ratio on bending response of plate through several illustrative examples. Comparison of the obtained numerical results with the other shear deformation theories leads to the conclusion that the present model is more accurate and efficient in predicting the displacements and stresses of laminated composite plates.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 1999.03a
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• pp.431-438
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• 1999

An assessment of liquefaction potential is made in principle by comparing the shear stress induced by earthquake to the liquefaction strength of the soil. In this study, a modified method based on Seed and Idriss theory is developed for evaluating liquefaction potential. The shear stress in the ground can be evaluated with seismic response analysis and the liquefaction strength of the soil can be investigated by using cyclic triaxial tests. The cyclic triaxial tests are conducted in two different conditions in order to investigate the factors affecting liquefaction strength such as cyclic shear stress amplitude and relative density. And performance of the modified method in practical examples is demonstrated by applying it to liquefaction analysis of artificial zones with dimensions and material properties similar to those in a typical field. From the result, the modified method for assessing liquefaction potential can successfully evaluate the safety factor under moderate magnitude(M=6.5) of earthquake.