• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.311-325
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• 2022

For multi-story structural systems, Korean steel industry has fostered development of a steel-concrete composite beam. Configuration of the composite beam is characterized by steel angle shear connectors welded to a U-shaped cold formed-steel beam. Effects of shear connector orientation and spacing were studied to evaluate current application of the angle shear connector design equation in AC495. For the study, interfacial shear resistance behavior was investigated by conducting 24 push-out tests and attuned using unreinforced push-out specimens. Interfacial shear to horizontal slip response was reported along with corresponding failure patterns. Pure shear connector strength was also evaluated by excluding concrete shear contribution, which was estimated in relation to steel beam-slab interface separation or interfacial crack width.

• 한국강구조학회 논문집
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.483-491
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• 2015

앵글을 전단연결재로 사용한 시공개선형 합성보(BESTOBEAM)의 전단연결재 길이에 따른 전단 내력을 실험적으로 평가하고 전단내력 설계식을 제안하였다. Eurocode 4의 경우와 달리 BESTOBEAM의 전단연결재는 등분포 하중을 받는 보의 거동과 유사하며 그 순경간(BESTO Width)에 따라 전단 내력이 달라진다. BESTO Width와 콘크리트의 강도에 따른 전단 내력을 Push-out 실험을 통해 측정한 결과 BESTO Width가 길어질수록 내력이 감소하고 연성능력은 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 실험결과를 반영하여 Eurocode 4의 설계식을 수정하여 새로운 설계식을 제안하였다. 제안된 설계식을 통해 예측된 전단연결재의 강도는 10% 오차 범위 이내로 잘 맞는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 따라서 앵글을 전단연결재로 사용한 BESTOBEAM의 전단 강도 설계에 제안된 식을 사용할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.19-30
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• 2002

The stability of slope using root-pile like to the reinforcements is affected by the interaction behavior mechanism of soil-reinforcements. Through the studying on the interaction in joint of its, therefore, the control roles can be find out in installed slope. In study, the stress level ratio based on the insert angle of installed reinforcements in soil used to numerical analysis, which was results from the duty direct shear test in Lab. The maximum shear strain variation on the reinforcements was observed at insert angle, which was approximately similar to the calculated angle based on the equation proposed by the Jewell. The elasto-plastic joint model on the contact area of soil-reinforcements was presumed, the reinforced soil assumed non-linear elastic model and the reinforcements supposed elastic model, respectively. The finite element analysis of assumed models was performed. The shear strain variation of non-reinforced state obtained by the FEM analysis including elasto-plastic joint elements were shown the rationality of general limit equilibrium analysis for the slope failure mode on driving zone and resistance zone, which based on the stress level step according to failure ratio. Through the variation of shear strain for the variation of inserting angle of reinforcements, the different mechanism on the bending and the shear resistance of reinforcements was shown fair possibility.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.399-415
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• 2017

A series of direct shear tests were conducted to investigate the frictional properties of the interface between structures and the filling soil of Chongqing airport fourth stage expansion project. Two types of structures are investigated, one is low carbon steel and the other is the bedrock sampled from the site. The influence of soil water content, surface roughness and material types of structure were analyzed. The tests show that the interface friction and shear displacement curve has no softening stage and the curve shape is close to the Clough-Duncan hyperbola, while the soil is mainly shear contraction during testing. The interface frictional resistance and normal stress curve meets the Mohr-Coulomb criterion and the derived friction angle and frictional resistance of interface increase as surface roughness increases but is always lower than the internal friction angle and shear strength of soil respectively. When surface roughness is much larger than soil grain size, soil-structure interface is nearly shear surface in soil. In addition to the geometry of structural surface, the material types of structure also affects the performance of soil-structure interface. The wet interface frictional resistance will become lower than the natural one under specific conditions.

• 산업기술연구
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• 제30권B호
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• pp.3-10
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• 2010

The numerical study was conducted using the equation of Vanapalli et al.(1996) related shear strength of unsaturated soils. Angle of shearing resistance(${\Phi}^b$) and angle of internal friction(${\Phi}^{\prime}$) appear identically in lower suction range, but angle of shearing resistance(${\Phi}^b$) has non-linearity as suction increases. Nevertheless, the numerical study was conducted using angle of shearing resistance(${\Phi}^b$) in even lower suction range because of limit of program function. However, behavior of real ground on applying numerical study can be analysed wrong by it. Therefore in this paper numerical analysis on applying the equation of Vanapalli et al.(1996) and ${\Phi}^b$ has been compared about unsaturated slope considering continuous rainfall.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.141-147
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• 2019

Fire is one of the environmental parameters affecting the structure causing element internal forces to change, as well as reducing the strength of the materials. One of the common types of floors in tall steel structures is the steel concrete composite slab. Shear connectors are used in steel and concrete composite beam in various shapes also has played significant role in a burning fire event of building with a steel concrete composite beam. The current study has reviewed the effects of temperature raising on the angle connector behavior through the use of push out tests and monotonic static force. The results have shown (1) the ductility of the samples is acceptable based on EC4 standard; (2) temperature raising has reduced the stiffness; (3) the shear ductility increment; and (4) the shear capacity reduction. Also, the amount of angle shear connector resistance has been decreased from 18.5% to 41% at ambient temperature up to $850^{\circ}C$.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.357-371
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• 2016

Column base connections are critical components in steel structures because they transfer axial forces, shear forces and moments to the foundation. Exposed column bases are quite commonly used in low- to medium-rise buildings. To investigate shear transfer in exposed column base plates, four large scale specimens were subjected to a combination of axial load (compression or tension) and lateral shear deformations. The main parameters examined experimentally include the number of anchor rod, arrangement of anchor rod, type of lateral loading, and axial force ratio. It is observed that the shear resisting mechanism of exposed column base changed as the axial force changed. When the axial force is in compression, the resisting mechanism is rotation type, and the shear force will be resisted by friction force between base plate and mortar layer. The specimens could sustain inelastic deformation with minimal strength deterioration up to column rotation angle of 3%. The moment resistance and energy dissipation will be increased as the number of anchor rods increased. Moreover, moment resistance could be further increased if the anchor rods were arranged in details. When the axial force is in tension, the resisting mechanism is slip type, and the shear force will be resisted by the anchor rods. And the shear resistance was reduced significantly when the axial force was changed from compression to tension. The test results indicated that the current design approach could estimate the moment resistance within reasonable acceptance, but overestimate the shear resistance of exposed column base.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.49-70
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• 2014

Steel fiber-reinforced concrete (SFRC) is known as one of the efficient modern composites that can greatly enhance the material performance of cracked concrete in tension. Such improved tensile resistance mechanism at crack interfaces in SFRC members can be heavily influenced by methodologies of treatments of crack direction. While most existing studies have focused on developing the numerical analysis model with the rotating-angle theory, there are only few studies on finite element analysis models with the fixed-angle model approach. According to many existing experimental studies, the direction of principal stress rotated after the formation of initial fixed-cracks, but it was also observed that new cracks with completely different angles relative to the initial crack direction very rarely occurred. Therefore, this study introduced the direct tension force transfer model (DTFTM), in which tensile resistance of the fibers at the crack interface can be easily estimated, to the nonlinear finite element analysis algorithm with the fixed-angle theory, and the proposed model was also verified by comparing the analysis results to the SFRC shear panel test results. The secant modulus method adopted in this study for iterative calculations in nonlinear finite element analysis showed highly stable and fast convergence capability when it was applied to the fixed-angle theory. The deviation angle between the principal stress direction and the fixed-crack direction significantly increased as the tensile stresses in the steel fibers at crack interfaces increased, which implies that the deviation angle is very important in the estimation of the shear behavior of SFRC members.

• 한국지반신소재학회논문집
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.61-69
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• 2022

본 연구에서는 지반조건을 고려한 말둑의 인발저항 성능의 합리적인 평가방법 확립의 일환으로써, 지반의 세립분 함유율 및 구속압 조건에 따른 말뚝과 지반 경계면의 전단특성을 평가하기 위한 대형직접전단시험을 수행하였다. 그 결과, 수직하중이 증가하고 모형지반의 세립분 함유율이 작을수록 전단변형에 따른 전단응력이 크게 발생됨을 알 수 있었다. 그리고 동일한 수직하중과 세립분 함유율 조건에서 말뚝 모형체의 표면이 거칠수록 최대전단응력은 다소 크게 나타났다. 강도정수로써 내부 마찰각과 점착력을 산정하여 분석한 결과, 모형지반의 세립분 함유율이 증가할수록 모형체 경계면에서의 내부마찰각은 감소하였으나 점착력은 증가하는 것을 알 수 있었다. 또한, 말뚝 모형체 표면이 거칠수록 모형지반의 세립분 함유율에 관계 없이 내부마찰각과 점착력은 크게 나타났다.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.29-38
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• 2022

마찰 방향에 따른 전단 저항의 이방성을 지반 구조물에서 선택적으로 이용할 수가 있다. 예를 들어서, 축방향으로 하중을 가하는 깊은 기초, 소일 네일링, 타이백 등은 큰 전단 저항이 유발되므로 하중 전달 능력을 증가시키지만, 이와 반대로 말뚝 관입과 흙 시료 채취 등은 최소화된 전단 저항만 유발된다. 기존 연구는 뱀 비늘의 기하학적 형상과 유사한 표면 돌출부를 갖는 플레이트와 흙 경계면에서 유발되는 전단 저항 변화를 확인하였다. 본 논문에서는 표면 돌출부의 형상에 따른 경계면 마찰각의 변화를 정량적으로 평가하였다. 수정된 직접 전단 시험기를 이용하여 상대 밀도가 40%로 조성된 모래 시료에 대해 9개의 플레이트, 2개의 전단 방향(전단 시 돌출부 높이가 증가와 감소하는 방향), 그리고 3개의 초기 수직 응력(100kPa, 200kPa, 300kPa) 조건으로 총 51가지 경우를 실험 하였다. 실험 결과, 전단 응력은 돌출부 높이가 높을수록, 돌출부 길이가 짧을수록, 돌출부 높이가 증가하는 전단 방향에서 크게 나타났다.