• 한국유체기계학회 논문집
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.37-42
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• 2001

In the present study, flow characteristics of turbulent oscillatory flow in an oscillator connected to square-sectional $180^{\circ}$ curved duct are investigated experimentally. In order to investigate wall shear stress and pressure distributions, the experimental studies for air flows we conducted in a square-sectional $180^{\circ}$ curved duct by using the LDV system with the data acquisitions and the processing system. The wall shear stress at bend angle of the $150^{\circ}$ and pressure distribution of the inlet (${\phi}=0^{\circ}$) to the outlet (${\phi}=180^{\circ}$) by $10^{\circ}$ intervals of the duct are measured. The results obtained from the experiment are summarized as follows : wall shear stress values in the inner wall we larger than those in an outer wall, except for the phase angle (${\omega}t/{\pi}/6$) of 3, because of the intensity of secondary flow. The pressure distributions are the largest in accelerating and decelerating regions at the bend angle(${\phi}$) of $90^{\circ}$ and pressure difference of inner and outer walls is the largest before and after the ${\phi}=90^{\circ}$.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.305-330
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• 2022

This article aims to investigate the static deflection and stress analysis of bi-directional functionally graded porous plate (BDFGPP) modeled by unified higher order kinematic theories to include the shear stress effects, which not be considered before. Different shear functions are described according to higher order models that satisfy the zero-shear influence at the top and bottom surfaces, and hence refrain from the need of shear correction factor. The material properties are graded through two spatial directions (i.e., thickness and length directions) according to the power law distribution. The porosities and voids inside the material constituent are described by different cosine functions. Hamilton's principle is implemented to derive the governing equilibrium equation of bi-directional FG porous plate structures. An efficient numerical differential integral quadrature method (DIQM) is exploited to solve the coupled variable coefficients partial differential equations of equilibrium. Problem validation and verification have been proven with previous prestigious work. Numerical results are illustrated to present the significant impacts of kinematic shear relations, gradation indices through thickness and length, porosity type, and boundary conditions on the static deflection and stress distribution of BDFGP plate. The proposed model is efficient in design and analysis of many applications used in nuclear, mechanical, aerospace, naval, dental, and medical fields.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.475-486
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• 2023

Ballast particles have an irregular shape and are discrete in nature. Due to the discrete nature of ballast, it exhibits complex mechanical behaviour under loading conditions. The discrete element method (DEM) can model the behaviour of discrete particles under a multitude of loading conditions. DEM is used in this paper to simulate a series of three-dimensional direct shear tests in order to investigate the shear behaviour of railway ballast and its interaction at the microscopic level. Particle flow code in three dimension (PFC3D) models the irregular shape of ballast particles as clump particles. To investigate the influence of particle size distribution (PSD), real PSD of Indian railway ballast specification IRS:GE:1:2004, China high-speed rail (HSR) and French rail specifications are generated. PFC3D built-in linear contact model is used to simulate the interaction of ballast particles under various normal stresses, shearing rate and shear box sizes. The results indicate how shear resistance and volumetric changes in ballast assembly are affected by normal stress, shearing rate, PSD and shear box size. In addition to macroscopic behaviour, DEM represents the microscopic behaviour of ballast particles in the form of particle displacement at different stages of the shearing process.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제34권11호
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• pp.1587-1592
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• 2010

복합하중 하에서의 샌드위치 시편내의 응력분포에 시편의 형상과 하중조건이 미치는 영향을 수치해석을 통하여 고찰하였다. 상용 유한요소해석 프로그램인 NASTRAN 을 사용하여 세 종류의 형상계수를 가지는 시편들에 대하여 평면변형률, 2 차원 해석을 수행하였으며, 각각의 시편에 대하여 각각 다른 복합변위각을 가지는 네 종류의 복합변위를 적용하였다. 수치해석의 결과는 복합변위각이, 즉 전단변위의 수직변위에 대한 상대적인 크기가, 응력 불균일분포영역의 크기에 미치는 영향이 전단응력과 폰 미세스(von Mises)응력의 경우에만 나타나고 수직응력의 경우에는 나타나지 않음을 보여준다. 또한 복합변위각이 증가함에 따라 전단응력의 불균일분포영역의 크기는 감소함에 비해서 폰 미세스 응력의 불균일분포영역의 크기는 증가한다. 추가로, 형상계수가 증가함에 따라, 즉, 시편의 길이의 높이에 대한 상대적 크기가 커질수록, 복합변위 하에서의 응력 불균일분포영역의 크기는 현격하게 감소한다.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제32권3C호
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• pp.113-120
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• 2012

진주 잔류토 사면의 실제 붕괴사례에 대한 해석을 수행하였다. 강우시 침투로 인하여 불포화층에서 유효응력과 전단 강도가 감소하여 안전율이 저하된다. 본 연구에서는 함수특성곡선을 이용하여 흡수응력에 기반한 유효응력을 산정하였다. 대상 현장에서 채취한 시료로부터 함수특성곡선, 투수계수, 전단강도와 관련한 불포화 물성들을 획득하였다. 실제 강우에 대한 불포화층의 침투해석을 수행하고 사면 지층의 간극수압 분포를 구할 수 있었다. 유한요소 응력장에서 탄성 해석으로 지층내 전응력을 계산하고 활동면에 작용하는 전단응력의 분포를 계산하였다. 활동면에 작용하는 흡수응력 및 유효응력을 산정하여 전단강도를 평가할 수 있었다. 이로부터 강우에 따른 안전율을 계산하였으며, 실제 강우에 의하여 사면이 활동이 일어나는 것을 모의할 수 있었다. 또한 활동면에서 흡수응력이 증가하고 유효응력이 감소하는 동시에 전단강도가 감소하는 것을 추적할 수 있었다.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제36권8호
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• pp.829-837
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• 2012

벽면 난류의 항력과 밀접한 관련이 있는 유동구조를 조사하기 위해 $Re_{\tau}$ = 180, 395, 590 의 난류채널유동에 대한 직접수치모사를 수행하였다. 확률밀도함수를 조사하여 레이놀즈 전단응력에 가장 큰 기여를 하는 Q2 이벤트를 파악하였으며 Q2 이벤트의 각도의 변화가 $y^+<50$ 에서는 벽 단위로 스케일링되며, y/h > 0.5 에서는 채널의 높이로 스케일링 됨을 확인하였다. Q2 이벤트를 조건으로 하는 조건부 평균 유동장을 조사하여 레이놀즈 전단응력의 발생과 관련이 있는 유동구조는 주 유동방향의 보텍스 및 헤어핀 형상의 보텍스임을 보였다. 또한, 순간 유동장을 관찰하여 높은 레이놀즈 전단 응력의 분포가 이러한 보텍스 구조와 관련이 있으며 1.5 ~ 3h 의 크기를 갖는 대형유동구조를 구성함을 확인하였다.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.25-32
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• 1999

This study has been performed to investigate the stress distribution around defects that behave as stress concentrators. Besides, the effect of stress interaction effects on the initiation of primary cracks were also investigated by rotary bending fatigue tests which were performed with specimens drilled micro surface defects and the stress distribution was analyzed using Finite Element Method. In addition, the stress interaction effects around defects and cracks were investigated by comparing the results of experiments and F.E.M. The results obtained are summarized as follows ; 1) Area which slip and micro cracks initiated at micro surface defects is between the maximum shear stress points and this area is over than ${\pm}30^{\circ}$ from the maximum stress point along the defect edge. 2) The stress interaction effect for the small size defect is larger than that of large size defect when the interval between them is near 3) Interval which there is no shear stress interaction effect analyzed by F.E.M. is larger than that of experimental results.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 1998년도 지반조사위원회 여름 학술세미나
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• pp.125-130
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• 1998

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2001년도 춘계학술대회논문집E
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• pp.219-222
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• 2001

The objective of the present study is to evaluate the effects of the stenting shapes on flow velocity and wall shear stress in angulated coronary stenosis by computer simulation. Coronary angiogram and Doppler ultrasound measurement in the patients with angulated coronary stenosis were obtained. Inlet wave velocity distribution obtained from in vivo intracoronary Doppler data was used for the numerical simulation. Spatial pattern of blood flow velocity and recirculation area were drawn through out the selected segment of coronary models. Wall shear stresses in the intracoronary stent models were calculated from three-dimensional computer simulation. A negative shear stress region, which is consistent with re-circulation area on flow pattern, was noted on the inner wall of post-stenotic area of pre-stenting model. The negative shear stress was disappeared after stenting. Shear stress in the post-stenting model was markedly reduced up to about two orders of magnitude compared to that of the pre-stenting model.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.252-261
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• 1988

본 연구에서는 강의 2차원 적삭실험을 행하고 칩의 두께측정으로부터 구한 전단각 해에 의한 전단각 값의 비교를 통하여 이들 전단각 해의 한계성을 고찰하였으며,Zorev에 의한 제한된 전단과정과 마찰과정의 상호 의존성에 입각한 정역학적인 평형조건 과 공구경사면에 작용하는 응력분포의 가정하에서 전단각.PHI.의 새로운 해를 유도하고 이의 실현성을 검토하였다.