• Computers and Concrete
• /
• 제20권6호
• /
• pp.635-643
• /
• 2017

The rehabilitation and strengthening of concrete structures using Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (FRP) materials have been widely investigated. As a priority issue, however, the effect of curing conditions on the bonding behavior between FRP and concrete structures is still elusive. This study aims at developing a prediction model to accurately capture the mode-II interfacial debonding between FRP strips and concrete under different curing conditions. Single shear debonding experiments were conducted on FRP-concrete samples with respect to different curing time t and temperatures T. The J-integral formulation and constrained least square minimization are carried out to calibrate the parameters, i.e., the maximum slip $\bar{s}$ and stretch factor n. The prediction model is developed based on the cohesive model and Arrhenius relationship. The experimental data are then analyzed using the proposed model to predict the debonding between FRP and concrete, i.e., the interfacial shear stress-slip relationship. A Finite Element (FE) model is developed to validate the theoretical predictions. Satisfactory agreements are obtained. The prediction model can be used to accurately capture the bonding performance of FRP-concrete structures.

• Steel and Composite Structures
• /
• 제47권2호
• /
• pp.217-238
• /
• 2023

In this study, a parametric study was performed considering material properties of concrete, material properties of steel, the number of longitudinal reinforcement (reinforcement ratio), CFRP ply orientations, a number of layers as variables by using ABAQUS. Firstly, the parameters used in the Hashin failure criteria were verified using four coupon tests of CFRP. Secondly, the numerical models of the beams strengthened by CFRP were verified using five experimental data. Finally, eighty numerical models and eighty analytic calculations were developed to investigate the effects of the aforementioned variables. The results revealed that in the case of using fibrous polymer to prevent shear failure, the variables related to reinforced concrete significantly affected the behavior of specimens, whereas the variables related to CFRP composite have a slight effect on the behavior of the specimens. As a result of numerical analysis, while the increase in the longitudinal tensile and compression reinforcement, load bearing capacity increases between 23.6%-70.7% and 5.6%-12.2%, respectively. Increase in compressive strength (29 MPa to 35 MPa) leads to a slight increase in the load-carrying capacity of the specimens between 4.6% and 7.2%. However, the decrease in the compressive strength (29 MPa to 20 MPa) significantly affected (between 6.4% and 8.1% decrease observed) the behavior of the specimens. As the yield strength increases or decreases, the capacity of specimens increase approximately 27.1% or decrease 12.1%. The effects of CFRP ply orientation results have been obtained as a negligible well approximately 3.7% difference. An increasing number of CFRP layers leads to almost no effect (approximately 2.8%) on the behavior of the specimen. Finally, according to the numerical analysis, the ductility values obtained between 4.0 and 6.9 indicate that the beams have sufficient ductility capacity.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• 제56권3호
• /
• pp.473-490
• /
• 2015

This paper presents the analysis of intermediate crack-induced (IC) debonding failure loads for reinforced concrete (RC) beams strengthened with adhesively-bonded fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) plates or sheets. The analysis consists of the energy release and simple ACI methods. In the energy release method, a fracture criterion is employed to predict the debonding loads. The interfacial fracture energy that indicates the resistance to debonding is related to the bond-slip relationships obtained from the shear test of FRP-to-concrete bonded joints. The section analysis that considers the effect of concrete's tension stiffening is employed to develop the moment-curvature relationships of the FRP-strengthened sections. In the ACI method, the onset of debonding is assumed when the FRP strain reaches the debonding strain limit. The tension stiffening effect is neglected in developing a moment-curvature relationship. For a comparison purpose, both methods are used to numerically investigate the effects of relevant parameters on the IC debonding failure loads. The results show that the debonding failure load generally increases as the concrete compressive strength, FRP reinforcement ratio, FRP elastic modulus and steel reinforcement ratio increase.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
• /
• 제9권2호
• /
• pp.199-206
• /
• 2005

끼움벽에 의한 내진보강은 국외에서는 내진 보강공법 중 가장 널리 사용되어지는 신뢰성 있는 공법이나 국내에서는 아직 비내진 상세를 갖는 골조의 내진보강에 대한 분석이 미흡한 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 재생세골제를 사용한 끼움벽과 현장타설 철근콘크리트 끼움벽의 반복 횡하중 실험을 통하여 끼움벽의 구조성능을 비교분석하였다. 실험결과 두 실험체 모두 기존골조와 비교하여 크게 향상된 성능을 나타냈으며 특히 현장타설 끼움벽 실험체는 순수골조 실험체에 비하여 강도 및 초기강성이 각각 3.8배, 6.6배 향상하며 파괴 시까지 안정적인 거동을 보여 기존골조의 내진보강공법으로 합리적인 것으로 판단되었다.

• 콘크리트학회지
• /
• 제11권2호
• /
• pp.177-186
• /
• 1999

본 연구의 목적은 탄소섬유쉬트로 보강된 시험체의 주요 파괴모드인 계면모드인 계면박리 모드에 의한 부재의 파괴를 규명하는 것이다. 탄소섬유쉬트로 보강된 손상된 보시험체의 계면박리 모드를 해석하기 위하여 선형탄성 파괴역학(LEFM)의 컴플라이언스법과 유한요소법을 사용하여 계면파괴 역학변수인 에너지해방율(strain energy release rate, G)을 고찰하였다. 손상된 단순 보시험체의 해석결과, 최대 에너지해방율($G_{max}$)은 에폭시 접착두께에 관계없이 바깥 휨균열에서 시작된 계면 전단 균열 길이가 18mm 부근에서 발생하였다. 보강보의 강도 해석결과, 극한강도 설계법에 따른 단면의 공칭 휨 강도에 대한 계면박리에 의해 부재가 파괴되는 것으로 해석되었다. 또한 적용된 접착두께 1mm~3mm는 에너지해방율에 거의 영향을 미치지 않아 계면박리의 주요 인자가 아닌 것으로 나타났다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• 제76권6호
• /
• pp.687-708
• /
• 2020

Openings in steel plate shear walls (SPSWs) are usually used for decorative designs, crossing locations of multiple utilities and/or structural objectives. However, earlier studies showed that generating an opening in an SPSW has a negative effect on the cyclic performance of the SPSW. Therefore, this study proposes tripling or doubling the steel-sheet-plate (SSP) layer and stiffening the opening of the SPSW to provide a solution to undesirable opening effects, improve the SPSW performance and provide the infill option of potential strengthening measures after the construction stage. The study aims to investigate the impact of SSP doubling with a stiffened opening on the cyclic behaviour, expand the essential data required by structural designers and quantify the SPSW performance factors. Validated numerical models were adopted to identify the influence of the chosen parameters on the cyclic capacity, energy dissipation, ductility, seismic performance factors (SPF) and stiffness of the suggested method. A finite Element (FE) analysis was performed via Abaqus/CAE software on half-scale single-story models of SPSWs exposed to cyclic loading. The key parameters included the number of SSP layers, the opening size ratios corresponding to the net width of the SSP, and the opening shape. The findings showed that the proposed assembly method found a negligible influence in the shear capacity with opening sizes of 10, 15, 20%. However, a deterioration in the wall strength was observed for openings with sizes of 25% and 30%. The circular opening is preferable compared with the square opening. Moreover, for all the models, the average value of the obtained ductility did not show substantial changes and the ultimate shear resistance was achieved after reaching a drift ratio of 4.36%. Additionally, the equivalent sectional area of the SSP in the twin and triple configuration of the SPSWs demonstrated approximately similar results. Compared with the single SSP layer, the proposed configuration of the twin SSP layer with a stiffened opening suggest to more sufficiency create SSP openings in the SPSW compared to that of other configurations. Finally, a tabular SPF quantification is exhibited for SPSWs with openings.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제52권2호
• /
• pp.337-343
• /
• 2020

Oxide dispersed strengthened (ODS) steel is an important candidate for Gen-IV reactors. Oxide embedded in Fe can help to trap irradiation defects and enhances the strength of steel. It was observed in this study that the size of oxide has a profound impact on the depinning mechanism. For smaller sizes, the oxide acts as a void; thus, letting the dislocation bypass without any shear. On the other hand, oxides larger than 2 nm generate new dislocation segments around themselves. The depinning is similar to that of Orowan mechanism and the strengthening effect is likely to be greater for larger oxides. It was found that higher shear deformation rates produce more fine-tuned stress-strain curve. Both molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and BKS (Bacon-Knocks-Scattergood) model display similar characteristics whereby establishing an inverse relation between the depinning stress and the obstacle distance. It was found that (110)_oxide || (111)_Fe (oriented oxide) also had similar characteristics as that of (100)_oxide || (111)_Fe but resulted in an increased depinning stress thereby providing greater resistance to dislocation bypass. Our simulation results concluded that critical depinning stress depends significantly on the size and orientation of the oxide.

• 한국건축시공학회지
• /
• 제8권2호
• /
• pp.113-119
• /
• 2008

Recently, fiber reinforced polymers(FRP) composite materials are used extensively in the rehabilitation of concrete structural members. A main application is to wrap beams and columns using the continuous fibers sheets to improve their strength and ductility. The corner chamfering affects significantly the performance of the continuous fibers sheets, and could lead to environmental problem with waste and dust. The main purpose of this paper is to verify the effect of corner conditions on the strength of the continuous fiber sheets, and to introduce new attached components which can avoid environmental problem. A total of 15 specimens were tested and carefully checked for three types of continuous fiber sheets(carbon, glass, and aramid) and three types of corner conditions(non-chamfering, chamfering, and device attaching). It is proved that the devices proposed in this research have some capabilities to use for RC member. But additional research will be needed for commercializing.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
• /
• 제21권5호
• /
• pp.413-422
• /
• 2020

The choice of eco-friendly materials for ground improvement is a necessary way forward for sustainable development. Adapting naturally available biopolymers will render the process of soil stabilization carbon neutral. An attempt has been made to use β-glucan, a natural biopolymer for the stabilization of lean clay as a sustainable alternative with specific emphasis on comprehending the effect of confining stresses on lean clay through triaxial compression tests. A sequence of laboratory experiments was performed to examine the various physical and mechanical characteristics of β-glucan treated soil (BGTS). Micro-analysis through micrographs were used to understand the strengthening mechanism. Results of the study show that the deviatoric stress of 2% BGTS is 12 times higher than untreated soil (UTS). The micrographs from Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and the results of the Nitrogen-based Brunauer Emmett Teller (N₂-BET) analysis confirm the formation of new cementitious fibres and hydrogels within the soil matrix that tends to weld soil particles and reduce the pore spaces leading to an increase in strength. Hydraulic conductivity (HC) and compressibility reduced significantly with the biopolymer content and curing period. Results emphases that β-glucan is an efficient and sustainable alternative to the traditional stabilizers like cement, lime or bitumen.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• 제9권5호
• /
• pp.491-504
• /
• 2000

A convenient method for enhancing the strength and stiffness of existing reinforced concrete beams is to bond adhesively steel plates to their tension faces. However, there is a limit to the applicability of tension face plating as the tension face plates are prone to premature debonding and, furthermore, the addition of the plate reduces the ductility of the beam. An alternative approach to tension face plating is to bond adhesively steel plates to the sides of reinforced concrete beams, as side plates are less prone to debonding and can allow the beam to remain ductile. Debonding at the ends of the side plates due to flexural forces, that is flexural peeling, is studied in this paper. A fundamental mathematical model for flexural peeling is developed, which is calibrated experimentally to produce design rules for preventing premature debonding of the plate-ends due to flexural forces. In the companion paper, the effect of shear forces on flexural peeling is quantified to produce design rules that are applied to the strengthening and stiffening of continuous reinforced concrete beams.