• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.383-390
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• 2021

This study investigates the effect of shareholders' rights, disclosure, and transparency on firm value. This study also investigates whether corporate social responsibility (CSR) is pure moderation or quasi moderation in the effect of shareholders' rights, disclosure, and transparency on firm value. This study's novelty is building a model framework to increase firm value and the role of CSR in increasing firm value. This study used secondary data provided by Indonesia, Malaysia, and Thailand Stock Exchanges. The sample of this study is 142 companies with four years of observations from 2012-2015. Firm value is measured by Tobin's Q. While shareholder's rights, disclosure, and transparency are measured using the ASEAN scorecard. The analysis method used in this study is a fixed effect model using a panel data approach. The result of this study shows that shareholders' rights have a significant positive effect on firm value. However, disclosure and transparency do not affect firm value significantly. In comparison, the CSR disclosure has a moderation effect on the relationship between shareholders' rights and firm value. The CSR disclosure does not have a moderation effect on the relationship between disclosure and transparency and firm value.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.63-98
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• 2017

This paper investigates the sales process of treasury stocks, while most previous research studies treasury stock repurchases. The sales of treasury stocks are an important measure to protect management rights only in Korea, as Korea's laws and systems allow treasury stock sales according to the board's resolution and not by the decisions made at the general shareholders' meetings. The board's resolution, which considers the owner-manager's interest on management rights, can cause damages to small shareholders. Considering (i) the economic characteristics of treasury stocks, (ii) other countries' institutions and experiences, (iii) a theoretical assessment of the possibility of small shareholder losses, and (iv) lessons from Korea's actual instances, Korea's present system should be corrected at least in the mid and long term. Even in the short-term, rules pertaining to sales enacted by the board's resolution inducing small shareholder losses should be overhauled. The autonomous discipline by various stakeholders could be an ideal measure by which to monitor ownermanager's decisions. In addition, temporary intervention measures, such as government examinations, could be implemented to protect small shareholders.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제10권8호
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• pp.217-226
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• 2019

본 연구는 국내의 대규모기업집단 소속기업들을 대상으로 지배주주의 소유지배괴리도(Wedge)가 자기자본비용에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 기존의 선행연구에 의하면 지배주주가 소유지분을 초과하는 의결권을 가지게 되면 지배주주가 소액주주를 착취하는 대리인 문제가 발생할 수 있고, 따라서 소유지배괴리도는 위험요인으로 인식되어 투자자들은 이에 대한 추가적인 보상을 요구하게 되어 자기자본비용은 상승한다. 소유지배괴리도는 공정거래위원회의 직접지분기준방식을 사용하여 측정하였고, 자기자본비용은 Ohlson(1995) 모형을 확장한 잔여이익평가모형으로 추정된 값을 이용하였다. 분석결과 지배주주의 소유지배괴리도와 자기자본비용 사이에는 통계적으로 유의미한 정(+)의 상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이 결과는 지배주주의 의결권이 소유지분을 더 많이 초과할수록 지배주주의가 사적이익을 추구할 유인이 증가하여 투자자는 더 높은 위험프리미엄을 요구한다는 의미로 해석할 수 있다.

• 산경연구논집
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• 제9권7호
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• pp.53-59
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• 2018

Purpose - This study examines the effect of control-ownership wedge on stock crash risk. In Korea, controlling shareholders have exclusive control rights compared to their cash flow rights. With increasing disparity, controlling shareholders abuse their power and extract private benefits at the expense of the minority shareholders. Managers who are controlling shareholders of the companies tend not to disclose critical information that would prevent them from pursuing private interests. They accumulate negative information in the firm. When the accumulated bad news crosses a tipping point, it will be suddenly released to the market at once, resulting in an abrupt decline in stock prices. We predict that stock price crash likelihood due to information opaqueness increases as the wedge increases. Research design, data, and methodology - 831 KOSPI-listed firm-year observations are from KisValue database from 2005 to 2011. Control-ownership wedge is measured as the ratio (UCO -UCF)/UCO where UCF(UCO) is the ultimate cash-flow(control) rights of the largest controlling shareholder. Dependent variable CRASH is a dummy variable that equals one if the firm has at least 1 crash week during a year, and zero otherwise. Logistic regression is used to examine the relationship between control-ownership wedge and stock price crash risk. Results - Using a sample of KOSPI-listed firms in KisValue database for the period 2005-2011, we find that stock price crash risk increases as the disparity increases. Specifically, we find that the coefficient of WEDGE is significantly positive, supporting our prediction. The result implies that as controlling shareholders' ownership increases, controlling shareholders tend to withhold bad news. Conclusions - Our results show that agency problems arising from the divergence between control rights and cash flow rights increase the opaqueness of accounting information. Eventually, the accumulated bad news is released all at once, leading to stock price crashes. It could be seen that companies with high control-ownership wedge are likely to experience future stock price crashes. Our study is related to a broader literature that examined the effect of the control-ownership wedge on stock markets. Our findings suggest that the disparity is a meaningful predictor for future stock price crash risk. The results are expected to provide useful implications for firms, regulators, and investors.

• 한국IT서비스학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.101-115
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• 2020

Electronic voting is one of information technology service to handle a wide range of functions, including registration, certification, input and results of voting, using electronic technology, depending on the degree of automation. It helps voters exercise their voting rights not only for individual suffrage but also for major corporate decisions as shareholders by expressing their opinions regardless of geographical and time constraints. Such electronic voting helps open and expand voting participation, but on the contrary, it is possible to identify who voted and what kind of vote, such voting cannot guarantee confidentiality. Therefore, if blockchain technology is applied to electronic voting, it can increase the speed of processing and confidentiality by encrypting voting information. In this regard, the study aims to identify institutional issues on how electronic voting can be activated at a company's shareholders' meeting, and to find ways to overcome the limitations of existing electronic voting by utilizing the technical characteristics of blockchain. This study proposes a consortium-type blockchain-based electronic voting system to enhance the convenience and reliability of electronic voting for shareholders' meetings. In addition, this paper suggests how to enhance shareholders' profits through electronic voting at shareholders' meetings, as well as its policy measures and future improvements.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제14권11호
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• pp.5434-5441
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• 2013

본 연구는 지배주주의 소유지배괴리도가 경영자 보수에 미치는 영향을 규명하기 위해 2001년부터 2008까지 공정위가 상호출자제한 기업집단으로 발표한 기업집단 소속 122개 기업 575건을 대상으로 실증분석을 시하였다. 실증분석 결과, 첫째, 지배주주의 소유지배괴리도와 경영자 보상 (등기임원 1인당 현금보상) 간에는 부(-)의 유의적인 관계가 존재하였다. 둘째, 지배주주의 소유지배괴리도는 경영성과와 경영자 보상 간의 민감도에 부(-)의 유의적인 영향을 미쳤다. 본 결과는 지배주주가 소유지분을 초과하여 지배권을 가질수록 지배주주의 대리인 비용에 대한 이해관계자의 우려를 완화시키기 위해 경영자 보상 수준을 낮추는 반면 경영성과에 대한 경영자 보상의 민감도를 약화시키는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제12권12호
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• pp.5558-5563
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• 2011

본 연구는 지배주주의 소유-지배 괴리도가 연구개발투자에 미치는 영향을 규명하기 위해 2001년부터 2009년까지 대규모 기업집단 소속 108개 제조업 기업의 9개년 자료를 이용하여 패널분석을 실시하였다. 실증분석 결과, 소유-지배 괴리도와 연구개발투자 간에 부(-)의 유의적인 관계가 존재하였다. 본 결과는 지배주주가 소유지분을 초과하여 지배권을 가질수록 지배주주의 사적 이익을 위해 기업 자산을 유용할 유인이 증가하므로, 장기적인 기업가치 제고를 위한 연구개발투자를 줄이고 있음을 시사한다.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.5-13
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• 2017

Purpose - This research analyzes the effects of Korean family ownership characteristics on firm value. The positive and negative effects of family ownership on Korean firm value were analyzed. If negative effects are evident, this research explores the factors that cause a decrease in firm value. Research design, data, and methodology - The study examined a total of 5,743 companies listed on the Korea Exchange from the period 2002 to 2012 using a panel data regression analysis. Result - An empirical analysis suggests that Korean family ownership diminishes firm value. Korean family firm value has been reduced when controlling shareholders are participated in management and pursue excessive wages, or make the management entrenchment effects associated with ownership-control disparity. When the controlling shareholders of family firms have increasing control rights over the shareholders' general meeting and the directors' board, the agency costs associated with seeking increasing executive wages or private benefits reduce firm value. Conclusions - This study has significance because it reveals the negative effect of family ownership in Korea on firm value. These negative effects can be the result of agency problems from controlling family shareholders seeking excessive wages or ownership-control disparity.

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.75-93
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• 2001

The advantages of arbitration such as promptness, economy and flexibility apply to the disputes arising from corporate governance between shareholders and a corporation. The confidentiality of arbitration can be particularly highlighted in the disputes among the members inside corporation. But it appears that the shareholders believe litigation the best way to pursue liabilities of managers of corporation and improve the system of corporate governance. And it is claimed that the current litigation system lacks the implementation of shareholders rights due to structural deficiency and therefore need bring class actions into the system of Korean jurisprudence. The OECD, which afforded the rescue finances to Korea, also recommended shareholder class actions as a way to improve corporate governance. Class actions have merits but even advanced countries consider the changes of existing system or only stay class actions in the stage of discussion. Rather, legal experts urge arbitration to be used more frequently and the Courts also approved the dispute resolutions of the disputes as to corporate governance through arbitration. There is no report in Korea that arbitration was used to resolve the disputes between shareholders and the managers, or between shareholders and corporation, which is listed in the Stock Market. There only are the debates for bring class actions into the judicial system between NGOs and the organizations of corporate managers. But arbitration has greater advantages in resolving the disputes among the members of corporation that any other methods for dispute resolution. Arbitration can interpret flexibly the mandatory provisions of the Statutes of Security and the Code of Commerce to meet the needs of parties involved, which is not possible to the Courts. Arbitration can issue the award to meet the equity of the parties. And arbitration can avoid a resolution of All or Nothing by fully considering the specific situations of Korean corporations(such as family-dominated management) and can issue the award beneficial to all parties of shareholders, managers and corporation. Thus it should be sought to resolve the disputes as to corporate governance through arbitration.

• 산업진흥연구
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2024

주주총회에서 소액주주는 소유경영자나 지배주주보다 정보에서도 열위에 있고, 중대한 의사결정에서 배제되는 경우가 많다. 이로 인해 소액주주들의 권익이 손상되는 경우가 많이 발생하여 기업가치를 저해하는 요소로 작용한다. 전자투표제는 소액주주들이 경영의사결정에 참여할 수 있도록 독려하여 기업가치 증진에 도움이 될 것으로 기대된다. 본 연구에서는 전자투표제가 이익지속성 및 기업가치에 미치는 영향을 분석하였으며, 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 전자투표제를 도입한 기업의 이익지속성과 미도입기업의 이익지속성은 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 전자투표제 도입으로 인해 기업가치가 증가한다는 증거를 발견할 수 없었다. 셋째, 전자투표제를 도입한 기업의 이익 지속성이 기업가치에 반영되는 정도는 미도입기업과 차이가 없었다. 이러한 결과를 종합하면, 경영자나 최대주주의 경영의사결정의 전횡을 막아 투명경영을 실천할 수 있도록 하기 위해서는 전자투표제 활성화를 통해 보다 높은 참여를 유도해야 할 것으로 보인다.