• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 1997년도 추계학술대회논문집; 한국과학기술회관; 6 Nov. 1997
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• pp.358-363
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• 1997

The Operational Deflection Shape designates the motion pattern by which a structure vibrates under a specific operating condition. Modal Analysis is usually tested under test bench, but Operational Deflection Shape can be measured directly under real operating condition. It provide useful information for trouble-shooting and aid understanding and evaluation of the absolute dynamic behaviour of a machine or component. In this paper, It is analysed Excavator Upper Frame using Operating Deflection Shape.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제43권11호
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• pp.728-733
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• 2006

The equilibrium or growth shape of ceramic materials is classified largely into two categories according to the thermodynamic conditions imposed. One is a polyhedral shape where the surface free energy is anisotropic, and the other a spherical shape where the surface free energy is isotropic. In the case of grains with a polyhedral shape of anisotropic surface free energy, socalled abnormal grain growth usually takes place due to a significant energy barrier for a growth unit to be attached to the crystal surface. In the case of grains with a spherical shape of isotropic surface free energy, however, normal grain growth with a uniform size distribution takes place. In this contribution, the state-of-the-art of our current understanding of the relationship between the crystal shape and the microstructure evolution during the sintering of ceramic materials in the presence of a liquid phase was discussed.

• 한국농촌생활과학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.15-23
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• 1997

This study was to investigate the children's understanding level of nutritional knowledge and the degree of knowledge application into the actual living not only in the with-lunch school but also in the without lunch school. Having expected their obtaining of nutritional knowledge and practical applicating, we compared the with-lunch school children's understanding level of nutritional knowledge, dietary attitude, and completeness of diet life with those of without-lunch school children. In addition to this, we surveyed healthiness, Physical condition, and BMI (Body Mass Index) and compared these factors. The results are as follows. 1. Almost all of the children were standard in physical condition, however they recognized themselves fatty than normal. Mealtime consumption(p＜0.05), BMI(p＜0.05), and diet attitude points(p＜0.001) showed significant difference in the children who regarded the themselves healthy. 2. High correlation was observed between parent's physical shape and mealtime consumption (p＜0.05), quantity of eating food (p＜0.001), children's BMI(p＜0.001) and diet attitude(p＜0.05) respectively. 3. The points of itemised nutritional knowledge test was different in accordance with the children's year grade (p＜0.05), children's understanding level of health and physical condition(p＜0.05), parent's physical shape (p＜0.05), and mother's education level(p＜0.05) respectively. The points of nutritional knowledge test in both schools showed no difference except the item of vitamin.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.41-56
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• 2005

Assessing students' knowledge can be a challenging endeavor, as researchers attempt to capture the full complexity and potential development of children's ideas. In this study, the Dynamic Science Assessment (DSA) method (Magnusson, Templin, and Boyle, 1997) was employed to investigate 9-12 year old students' understandings of light, while engaging in multiple tasks with a flashlight with various reflectors and mirrors. The results showed that DSA was effective in providing an opportunity to establish a Zone of Proximal Development, in addition to diagnosing a student's prior understanding. Throughout the interview, a student showed a conceptual model of light as being a solid single entity whose shape can be determined by the shape of the casing of a flashlight. However, as DSA provided phenomena that could not be explained by his unitary model, the student began to re-examine his original conceptual model, and attempted to revise it. This study addressed how Dynamic Science Assessment can help us better understand, not only students' current state of understanding, but also a potential development of understanding in their ZPD. In that sense, this study argues that we should pay more attention to the instructive role of classroom assessment that can promote and support further development of students' deeper understandings.

• 한국공간구조학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국공간구조학회 2005년도 춘계학술발표회 및 정기총회 2권1호(통권2호)
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• pp.3-51
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• 2005

Optimization methods are presented for design of shells and spatial structures. The effectiveness of using optimization techniques are demonstrated by the following examples: 1. Shape design of ribbed shells. 2. Shape design of membrane structures. 3. Optimization of single-layer spatial truss against buckling. 4. Application of heuristic methods to optimization of space frames. The readers may first see the numerical results to find that is possible by optimization. In the appendix, overview of structural optimization in architectural design is presented, and effectiveness of optimization is demonstrated by small examples. Each chapter is a part of a published paper, or translation from a Japanese article. So there might be some difficulties for understanding the details: inconsistency of the story, etc., which the author hope not to lead to major difficulties for understanding the concepts and results.

• 대순사상논총
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• 제34집
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• pp.263-292
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• 2020

大巡真理会广泛地吸收了诸多古老的传统文化, 形成独具特色的宗教文化, 而对风水文化的借鉴和改造就是其中的一个重要方面。在 《典经》 的记载中, 就有许多关于风水文化的内容。《典经》 中的风水文化, 既从传统的风水学说中汲取养分, 也进行了许多的创造性地理解。借助大巡真理会的教义对风水文化进行理解, 这就使得 《典经》 呈现出别具一格的特色。通过对 《典经》 中有关风水文化的整理, 本文试图从地气, 山势以及明堂这三个方面来讨论大巡真理会的风水文化。透过风水文化的视角对 《典经》 展开深入探究, 有助于更好地理解 《典经》 这一宗教圣典的深刻内容和神圣意义。

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.127-140
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• 2023

While tools exist for blind people to understand shapes, these are not commercially available nor affordable and often require the assistance of sighted people. Thus, we designed two low-cost grid-based tactile tools using toggle buttons (TogGrid) and cotton balls (CottonGrid). To assess the potential of these as an educational tool, we conducted a user study with 12 people with visual impairments where they were asked to understand and reproduce shapes under different conditions. Although CottonGrid is relatively cheap and easy to make, findings show that TogGrid was perceived to be better in terms of perceived easiness, task completion time, accuracy, and preference in general. Particularly, participants valued TogGrid for enabling them to identify and correct errors. Based on the findings, we provide implications for utilizing toggle buttons for designing educational instruments for learning and expressing shapes for blind people.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.94-103
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to make activated electronic business transaction of clothes. The subject used for this study was 19 - 24 aged 149 college women who most likely buying products through internet. By compare the 149 women's body shape with 3D model, 149 women could be judged their body shape objectively. We showed the average 3D model by the measurement of 19 - 24aged women's body shape. 19 - 24aged women are big customer of internet shopping mall. By understanding of the difference between real somatotype and perceptual somatotype, we can reduce the disadvantage such as returning clothes. Also, imaginary fitting model can be used for internet shopping mall, animation work, fashion show, and advertisement work. Therefore, we can expect the worth of this study to do.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• 제14권8호
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• pp.861-866
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• 2000

Flow induced shape change is important for spatial interpretation of vascular response and for understanding of mechanotransduction in a single cell. We investigated the possible shapes of endothelial cell (EC) in a mathematical model and compared these with experimental results. The linearized analytic solution from the sinusoidal wavy wall and Stokes flow was applied with the constraint of EC volume. The three dimensional structure of the human umbilical vein endothelial cell was visualized in static culture or after various durations of shear stress (20 $dyne/cm^2$ for 5, 10, 20, 40, 60, 120min). The shape ratio (width: length: height) of model agreed with that of the experimental result, which represented the drag force minimizing shape of stream-lining. EC would be streamlined in order to accommodate to the shear flow environmented by active reconstruction of cytoskeletons and membranes through a drag force the sensing mechanism.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제58권10호
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• pp.1936-1941
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• 2009

This paper deals with a new methodology for topology optimization in which the topology of the design domain may change during the shape optimization process. To achieve this, the concept of the topological gradient is introduced to compute the sensitivity of an objective function when a small hole is drilled in the domain. Based on shape and topological sensitivity values, the shape and topology of the design domain may be simultaneously changed during design iterations if necessary. To verify the advantages and also to facilitate understanding of the method itself, two electrostatic design problems have been tested by using 2D finite element analysis: the first is the inverse problem of a simple dielectric model and the second is the rotor design of a MEMS actuator.