• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제38권6호
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• pp.1654-1666
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• 2021

본 연구에서는 뷰티메이크업의 입술 디자인에 따른 인상형상, 선호 입술과 그 이유를 실증분석 하였다. 연구방법은 설문조사법으로 SPSS프로그램을 활용하였다. 연구 결과 입술의 색상과 형태가 인상 형성에 미치는 유의미한 영향을 확인하였으며 입술 화장에 관한 현대인들의 시각을 규명 할 수 있었다. 가장 선호하는 입술색상은 레드, 선호하는 입술의 형태는 표준형이었다. 요인분석 결과 입술 색상 중 레드는 유능성요인이 핑크색상은 사교성 요인이 가장 높게 나타났다. 본 연구가 뷰티디자인의 기초자료로서 활용되기를 기대한다.

• 동의생리학회지
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• 제14권2호통권20호
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• pp.11-21
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• 1999

In this paper the nine orifices were analyzed horizontally and vertically and the relationship between the upper seven orifices and lower two orifices was looked into specifically. The following results were obtained : l. Horizontal is the shenji (神機) which comes in and out, and it symbolizes animality based on heaven. so it is dynamic. Vertical is the qiji (氣機) which goes up and down. and it symbolizes vegetability based on earth. so it is static. 2. The shape of the eyes and lips is horizontal, so the shape of the liver and spleen which are related to the eyes and lips respectively is also horizontal. Thus the eyes and lips can move and the action of these are mainly concerned with the coming in and out of energy. 3. The shape of the nose and ears is vertical. so the shape of the lungs and kidneys which are related to the nose and ears respectively is also vertical. Thus the nose and ears remain still and the action of these are mainly concerned with going up and down of energy. 4. One means yang(陽) and two means yin(陰). so the nose and mouth which have one are yang. the eyes and ears which have two are yin. 5. The urethra consists of yangming(陽明) and taiyin(太陰) which control the front so it draws out urine which is yang(陽). The anus controls the back. so it draws out feces which is yin(陰). 6. The upper seven orifices are related to the five viscera which control immaterial spirit. The lower two orifices are related to the six bowels which control material movement.

• The International Journal of Costume Culture
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.93-104
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between women's face satisfaction and makeup satisfaction, to disclose the differences of makeup satisfaction according to demographic variables, and to examine how makeup satisfaction was influenced by face satisfaction and demographic variables. The subjects were 200 women over age 17 living in Seoul and its peripheral areas. The results of this study were as follows: Face satisfaction were drawn three factors. Factor 1 was face contour satisfaction, Factor 2 was skin satisfaction, and Factor 3 was lips and eyes satisfaction. There were significant positive relationship between factors of face satisfaction and makeup satisfaction. Also, the face contour satisfaction was in positive correlation with satisfaction of features, and the skin satisfaction was in positive correlation with that of features. There were significant positive correlations between makeup satisfaction and face shape, eyes, nose, lips, chin, and cheek bone satisfaction. Face satisfaction didn't show significant difference according to demographic variables, but makeup satisfaction showed significant difference according to age and occupation. Face satisfaction was influenced by the facial face, clarity of skin, elasticity of skin, skin color, and ages. The explanatory power of the 4 variables were 24.5%. Makeup satisfaction was influenced by lips and eyes satisfaction, ages, and skin care level. The explanatory power of the 3 variables were 13.3%.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.109-117
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• 2001

Judging from the studies carried out by Dr. Jo, Yong Jin on the Koreans' faces, Koreans divided into two constitutions according to their facial features and heritages. The one population is the Northern lineage whose ancestor migrated from Siberia in ice age. In order to survive in cold climate, they have developed a high level of metabolic heat production. Cold adaptation for preventing heat loss results in a reduction in the facial surface area with small eyes, nose and lips. The other population is the Southern lineage who is the descent of native in Korean peninsular. They have big eyes with double edged eyelids, broad nose and thick lips. It is generally believed that both genetic and environmetal factors influence eating behaviors. Although we can't recognized their heritage that may contribute to the metabolism and eating behavior, we commonly recognize their physiological heritage acceding to their facial features. In order to investigate the relationship among the size and shape of facial feature, the eating behavior, anthropometric measurement in female college students, the eating behaviors was measured during an instant-noodle lunch eaten in a laboratory setting at the ambient temperature of $23^{\circ}C$. The anterior surface area of left eye and length of right eye were positively correlated with the difference between the peak postprandial and the meal-start core temperature. The surface area of lower lip also negatively correlated with the meal-start core temperature and meal duration. In addition, the total lips' area was positively correlated with the difference between the peak postprandial and the meal-start core temperature and negatively correlated with the meal duration. However anthropometric measurements were not related with the size of facial features.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제22권8호
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• pp.852-859
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• 2019

With the development of IT technology and smart devices, various applications utilizing image information are being developed. In order to provide an intuitive interface for pronunciation recognition, there is a growing need for research on pronunciation recognition using mouth feature values. In this paper, we propose a system to distinguish Korean vowel pronunciations by detecting feature points of lips region in images and applying Bayesian based learning model. The proposed system implements the recognition system based on Bayes' theorem, so that it is possible to improve the accuracy of speech recognition by accumulating input data regardless of whether it is speaker independent or dependent on small amount of learning data. Experimental results show that it is possible to effectively distinguish Korean vowels as a result of applying probability based Bayesian classification using only visual information such as mouth shape features.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:시스템및이론
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• 제26권9호
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• pp.1031-1041
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• 1999

기존의 한글에 대한 입술 애니메이션 방법은 음소의 입모양을 몇 개의 입모양으로 정의하고 이들을 보간하여 입술을 애니메이션하였다. 하지만 발음하는 동안의 실제 입술 움직임은 선형함수나 단순한 비선형함수가 아니기 때문에 보간방법에 의해 중간 움직임을 생성하는 방법으로는 음소의 입술 움직임을 효과적으로 생성할 수 없다. 또 이 방법은 동시조음도 고려하지 않아 음소들간에 변화하는 입술 움직임도 표현할 수 없었다. 본 논문에서는 동시조음을 고려하여 한글을 자연스럽게 발음하는 입술 애니메이션 방법을 제안한다. 비디오 카메라로 발음하는 동안의 음소의 움직임들을 측정하고 입술 움직임 제어 파라미터들을 추출한다. 각각의 제어 파라미터들은 L fqvist의 스피치 생성 제스처 이론(speech production gesture theory)을 이용하여 실제 음소의 입술 움직임에 근사한 움직임인 지배함수(dominance function)들로 정의되고 입술 움직임을 애니메이션할 때 사용된다. 또, 각 지배함수들은 혼합함수(blending function)와 반음절에 의한 한글 합성 규칙을 사용하여 결합하고 동시조음이 적용된 한글을 발음하게 된다. 따라서 스피치 생성 제스처 이론을 이용하여 입술 움직임 모델을 구현한 방법은 기존의 보간에 의해 중간 움직임을 생성한 방법보다 실제 움직임에 근사한 움직임을 생성하고 동시조음도 고려한 움직임을 보여준다.Abstract The existing lip animation method of Hangul classifies the shape of lips with a few shapes and implements the lip animation with interpolating them. However it doesn't represent natural lip animation because the function of the real motion of lips, during articulation, isn't linear or simple non-linear function. It doesn't also represent the motion of lips varying among phonemes because it doesn't consider coarticulation. In this paper we present a new coarticulation model for the natural lip animation of Hangul. Using two video cameras, we film the speaker's lips and extract the lip control parameters. Each lip control parameter is defined as dominance function by using L fqvist's speech production gesture theory. This dominance function approximates to the real lip animation of a phoneme during articulation of one and is used when lip animation is implemented. Each dominance function combines into blending function by using Hangul composition rule based on demi-syllable. Then the lip animation of our coarticulation model represents natural motion of lips. Therefore our coarticulation model approximates to real lip motion rather than the existing model and represents the natural lip motion considered coarticulation.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제7권11호
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• pp.1531-1539
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• 2004

본 논문은 입술의 경계선을 효과적으로 추출하는 방법을 제안하였다. 입술 형태는 PDM(Point Distribution Model)과 주성분 분석법을 이용하여 표현하고 입술 경계선은 GLDM(Gray Level Distribution Model)을 기반으로 표현하였다 입술 경계선 추출은 모델에 대한 입력영상의 정확도에 대한 목적함수를 최적화하는 문제로 단순화하였으며, 최적화를 위해 다운힐 심플렉스(Down Hill Simplex) 알고리즘을 이용하였다. 탐색과정에서 지역 최소점으로 수렴하는 문제를 해결하기 위하여 입술 형태 모델의 형태계수를 GMM(Gaussian Mixture Model)을 이용하여 표현하였다. 형태계수에 대한 GMM을 이용하여 입술의 대략적인 형태를 찾고, 이때 사용된 mixture 성분을 이용하여 탐색과정에서 입술의 형태를 조정함으로써 지역 최소점에 수렴하여 입술의 정확한 위치를 찾지 못하는 문제점을 해결하였다. 여러 영상을 대상으로 실험하여 좋은 결과를 얻었다.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.127-136
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• 1999

The purpose of this research was to investigate the difference between perceptions of the nude body and of the clothed body as measured by body cathexis scale. Subjects were 274 college male and female between 20~30 yrs. Data were analyzed by using frequency, T test, cluster analysis, Duncan test by using Spss for window 8.0 PC program. Significant difference were found between mean scores of male and female on the nude body cathexis (NBC) and clothed body cathexis (CBC) Scales for hair texture, hair color, face, face color, shape of head, eye, lips, forehead, back, trunk, waist, bust, leg of shape, chest, hip. On the difference between male and female, significant differences were found between NBC and CBC scales for all body parts except hair texture, face color, ears, eyes, teech. Male had higher satisfaction than female in both body cathexis. The taller men, the higher body satisfaction with face shape, body shape, height in both body cathexis. Before appearence management, the bigger men, the higher body satisfaction with musle, waist, height, chest, body shape in both body cathexis. Male had higher satisfaction than female in both body cathexis. The taller women, the higher body satisfaction with neck, body shape, height in before appearence management. The bigger women, the higher body satisfaction with heights, weight distributions, waist, height in both.

• 한국한의학연구원논문집
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.29-46
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• 2000

The clinical application of constitutional Diagnosis is the most important part of Sasang constitutional medicine. It has been studied in various way. The study of morphologic characteristics on the head and face has been identified but didn't considered the Variations of age and sex. For the statistic analysis of the correlation between the sasang constitution and the shape of the face, the head-facial part of 182 cases(the group of throughout the age) and 69 cases(the group of age 30 to 40) were measured by Martin's measurement and analysis of a) the measurement value of height and the component ratio from the Gnathion to each part of face by constitution. b) the measurement value of depth and the component ratio from T-projected to each part of the face by constitution. c) the measurement value of breadth and component ratio between each parts of the facial breadth by constitution. d) the characteristics on each part of face by constitution. e) the result of discriminant analysis about the constitution Authors obtained the results from the study as follows: 1. Taeum-In group is characterized by the value of variables had a tendency to maximum value in throughout the age, the charateristics that the total group show is the shape of face is wide shape in horizontally and flat, the nasal breadth is wider than other constitutions, the lips is narrower than Soyang-In in horizontally and thick shape in vertically, and the biogonial breadth is more developed than other constitutions, so lower face is developed. The charateristics that only the age of 30 40 group show is that the lips is thicker than Soeum-IN. The projection of inter-eyebrows is more projected than Soyang-IN. 2. Soeum-IN group is characterized by the value of variables had a tendency to minimum value in throughout the age. The characteristics that the total group show is the lips is thiner than other constitutions, the breadth of eyes is wider than other constitutions, the difference between sellion and nasal breadth is to be little. The charateristics that only the age of 30 40 group show is that the ratio of upper face in physiognomic face is lager than Soyang-IN. 3. The total age group of Soyang-In is characterized by the shape of face is long in vertically and narrow in horizontally, the total eyebrow breadth and lips and philtrun is wider than other constitutions. The charateristics that only the age of 30 40 group is characterized by the projection of sellion is more projected than Taeum-IN. 4. The values which showed significance in both age group V76, V52, V54, V55, V57, V59, V64, V65, V67, V88, V89, V148, V150, V151, V155, V160, V161, V28, V50, V99, V102, V167, V169, V173, V175, V177, V181 are 27 in all. 5. The values which was significant in the age 30 to 40 group V77, V78, V79, V109, V140, V142, V143, V166, V174 are 9 in all.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:소프트웨어및응용
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• 제30권5_6호
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• pp.454-460
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• 2003

이 논문은 입술의 형태를 효과적으로 인식하는 방법을 제안하였다. 입술은 PDM(Point Distribution Model)을 기반으로 점들의 집합으로 표현하였다. 주성분 분석법을 적용하여 입술 모델을 구하고 모델에서 사용하는 형태계수의 분포를 GMM(Gaussian Mixture Model)을 이용하여 구하였다. 이 과정에서 계수를 정하기 위하여 EM(Expectation Maximization) 알고리듬을 사용하였다. 입술 경계선 모델은 입술을 구성하는 각 점과 주변 영역에서의 화소간 변화를 이용하여 구성하였으며 입술 탐색시 사용되었다. 여러 영상을 대상으로 실험한 결과 좋은 결과를 얻었다.