• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.94-100
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• 2017

In the case of the side scan sonar operated by the towing method, the underwater structure electric jig was developed because there is a difficulty in the cross-sectional survey that the user wants when conducting the survey. However, in the case of the sound wave photographing method using the electric jig, since the boat and the sonar behaves as one body, data distortion has occurred due to various problems according to working environment, such as, the rolling phenomenon of the boat due to the wave and the fluctuation of the sonic image due to the inoperability of the boat driver. Therefore, in order to solve the image blurring caused by the operation of the equipment for underwater survey of the existing side scan sonar, in this research, the program was supplemented to enable the shake correction by attaching the shake correction sensor and developing the shake correction algorithm. In order to verify the improvement of the sonar data resolution, the sonic images before and after the shake correction were collected through on-site investigation and the analysis of the sonic image data acquired by a diver measuring the actual damage length and depth. This study is expected to contribute to the development of sonar imaging technique of the underwater surface of the structure and bed surface of the sea or a river using the side scan sonar in the future.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.52 no.8
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• pp.29-39
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• 2015

This paper describes a design and implementation of fuzzy-based algorithm for hand-shake state detection and error compensation in the mobile optical image stabilization(OIS) motion detector. Since the gyro sensor output of the OIS motion detector includes inherent error signals, accurate error correction is required for prompt hand-shake error compensation and stable hand-shake state detection. In this research with a little computation overhead of fuzzy-based algorithm, the hand-shake error compensation could be improved by quickly reducing the angle and phase error for the hand-shake frequencies. Further, stability of the OIS system could be enhanced by the hand-shake states of {Halt, Little vibrate, Big vibrate, Pan/Tilt}, classified by subdividing the hand-shake angle. The performance and stability of the proposed algorithm in OIS motion detector is quantitatively and qualitatively evaluated with the emulated hand-shaking of ${\pm}0.5^{\circ}$, ${\pm}0.8^{\circ}$ vibration and 2~12Hz frequency. In experiments, the average error compensation gain of 3.71dB is achieved with respect to the conventional BACF/DCF algorithm; and the four hand-shake states are detected in a stable manner.

• Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
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• v.14 no.11
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• pp.1129-1136
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• 2004

The structural modification to install a heavy sensor was made at the front extremities of the foreign-produced helicopter operated in the Korea Navy Mounting the sensor directly to the nose structure is unlikely to be practical because it lowers a dynamic mode of the airframe close to rotor blade passing frequencies, leading to increased helicopter vibration. Unfortunately we have no information on dynamic characteristics of the imported helicopter. So the experimental modal model derived from shake testing on the overall airframe of a working helicopter was used to solve the sensor Installation problems. The sensitivity analysis was done to evaluate what the best of modification woo)d be. Simple ID model and experimental modal data for mount system with sensor were Incorporated into overall dynamic model to assess the effects of the sensor installation on helicopter. Modal testing for the modified helicopter shows that the airframe modes are sufficiently displaced from rotor passing frequencies. The mount system has been proven fight to be sufficiently stable to meet vibration-level requirement for all required operational profiles.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.321-340
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• 2007

Structural control technologies have attracted great interest from the earthquake engineering community over the last few decades as an effective method of reducing undesired structural responses. Traditional structural control systems employ large quantities of cables to connect structural sensors, actuators, and controllers into one integrated system. To reduce the high-costs associated with labor-intensive installations, wireless communication can serve as an alternative real-time communication link between the nodes of a control system. A prototype wireless structural sensing and control system has been physically implemented and its performance verified in large-scale shake table tests. This paper introduces the design of this prototype system and investigates the feasibility of employing decentralized and partially decentralized control strategies to mitigate the challenge of communication latencies associated with wireless sensor networks. Closed-loop feedback control algorithms are embedded within the wireless sensor prototypes allowing them to serve as controllers in the control system. To validate the embedment of control algorithms, a 3-story half-scale steel structure is employed with magnetorheological (MR) dampers installed on each floor. Both numerical simulation and experimental results show that decentralized control solutions can be very effective in attaining the optimal performance of the wireless control system.

• 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2006.02a
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• pp.684-691
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• 2006

As many functionalities such as cameras and MP3 players are converged to mobile phones, more intuitive and interesting interaction methods are essential. In this paper, we present applications and their enabling technologies for gesture interactive cell phones. They employ gesture recognition and real-time shake detection algorithm for supporting motion-based user interface and entertainment applications respectively. The gesture recognition algorithm classifies users' movement into one of predefined gestures by modeling basic components of acceleration signals and their relationships. The recognition performance is further enhanced by discriminating frequently confusing classes with support vector machines. The shake detection algorithm detects in real time the exact motion moment when the phone is shaken significantly by utilizing variance and mean of acceleration signals. The gesture interaction algorithms show reliable performance for commercialization; with 100 novice users, the average recognition rate was 96.9% on 11 gestures (digits 1-9, O, X) and users' movements were detected in real time. We have applied the motion understanding technologies to Samsung cell phones in Korean, American, Chinese and European markets since May 2005.

• Current Optics and Photonics
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.38-44
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• 2024

Under the influence of atmospheric turbulence, a star's point image will shake back and forth erratically, and after exposure the originally small star point will spread into a huge spot, which will affect the ground calibration of the star sensor. To analyze the impact of atmospheric turbulence on the positioning accuracy of the star's center of mass, this paper simulates the atmospheric turbulence phase screen using a method based on a sparse spectrum. It is added to the static-star-simulation device to study the transmission characteristics of atmospheric turbulence in star-point simulation, and to analyze the changes in star points under different atmospheric refractive-index structural constants. The simulation results show that the structure function of the atmospheric turbulence phase screen simulated by the sparse spectral method has an average error of 6.8% compared to the theoretical value, while the classical Fourier-transform method can have an error of up to 23% at low frequencies. By including a simulation in which the phase screen would cause errors in the center-of-mass position of the star point, 100 consecutive images are selected and the average drift variance is obtained for each turbulence scenario; The stronger the turbulence, the larger the drift variance. This study can provide a basis for subsequent improvement of the ground-calibration accuracy of a star sensitizer, and for analyzing and evaluating the effect of atmospheric turbulence on the beam.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.775-781
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• 2018

Shake table tests were conducted on scaled tunnel model to investigate the mechanism and effect of seismic loadings on horseshoe scaled tunnel model in ground fissure site. Key technical details of the experimental test were set up, including similarity relations, boundary conditions, sensor layout, modelling methods were presented. Synthetic waves and El Centro waves were adopted as the input earthquake waves. Results measured from hanging wall and foot wall were compared and analyzed. It is found that the seismic loadings increased the subsidence of hanging wall and lead to the appearance and propagation of cracks. The values of acceleration, earth pressure and strain were greater in the hanging wall than those in the foot wall. The tunnel exhibited the greatest earth pressure on right and left arches, however, the earth pressure on the crown of arch is the second largest and the inverted arch has the least earth pressure in the same tunnel section. Therefore, the effect of the hanging wall on the seismic performance of metro tunnel in earth fissure ground should be considered in the seismic design.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.495-505
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• 2009

Bridges form crucial links in the transportation network especially in high seismic risk regions. This research aims to provide a quantitative methodology for post-earthquake performance evaluation of the bridges. The experimental portion of the research involved shake table tests of a 4-span bridge which was subjected to progressively increasing amplitudes of seismic motions recorded from the Northridge earthquake. As part of this project, a high resolution long gauge fiber optic displacement sensor was developed for post-seismic evaluation of damage in the columns of the bridge. The nonlinear finite element model was developed using Opensees program to simulate the response of the bridge and the abutments to the seismic loads. The model was modified to predict the bent displacements of the bridge commensurate with the measured bent displacements obtained from experimental analysis results. Following seismic events, the tangential stiffness matrix of the whole structure is reduced due to reduction in structural strength. The nonlinear static push over analysis using current damaged stiffness matrix provides the longitudinal and transverse ultimate capacities of the bridge. Capacity loss in the transverse and longitudinal directions following the seismic events was correlated to the maximum displacements of the deck recorded during the events.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.549-562
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• 2017

The US railroad network carries 40% of the nation's total freight. Railroad bridges are the most critical part of the network infrastructure and, therefore, must be properly maintained for the operational safety. Railroad managers inspect bridges by measuring displacements under train crossing events to assess their structural condition and prioritize bridge management and safety decisions accordingly. The displacement of a railroad bridge under train crossings is one parameter of interest to railroad bridge owners, as it quantifies a bridge's ability to perform safely and addresses its serviceability. Railroad bridges with poor track conditions will have amplified displacements under heavy loads due to impacts between the wheels and rail joints. Under these circumstances, vehicle-track-bridge interactions could cause excessive bridge displacements, and hence, unsafe train crossings. If displacements during train crossings could be measured objectively, owners could repair or replace less safe bridges first. However, data on bridge displacements is difficult to collect in the field as a fixed point of reference is required for measurement. Accelerations can be used to estimate dynamic displacements, but to date, the pseudo-static displacements cannot be measured using reference-free sensors. This study proposes a method to estimate total transverse displacements of a railroad bridge under live train loads using acceleration and tilt data at the top of the exterior pile bent of a standard timber trestle, where train derailment due to excessive lateral movement is the main concern. Researchers used real bridge transverse displacement data under train traffic from varying bridge serviceability levels. This study explores the design of a new bridge deck-pier experimental model that simulates the vibrations of railroad bridges under traffic using a shake table for the input of train crossing data collected from the field into a laboratory model of a standard timber railroad pile bent. Reference-free sensors measured both the inclination angle and accelerations of the pile cap. Various readings are used to estimate the total displacements of the bridge using data filtering. The estimated displacements are then compared to the true responses of the model measured with displacement sensors. An average peak error of 10% and a root mean square error average of 5% resulted, concluding that this method can cost-effectively measure the total displacement of railroad bridges without a fixed reference.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.251-258
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• 1998

A structured kinetic model is proposed to describe cell growth and secondary metabolite, flavone glycosides, synthesis in batch suspension culture of Scutellaria baicalensis G. The model has been developed by representing the physiological state of cell described as the activity and viability which can be estimated based on the culture fluorescence. In the model, three type of cells are considered; active-viable, nonactive-viable and dead cells. Viable cell weight could be determined based on the relative fluorescence intensity. The flavone glycosides could be produced by both active-viable and non-active viable cells with a different production rate. And the model includes the cell expansion due to glucose concentration and death phase which accounts for the release of intracellular secondary metabolite into medium. Dependent variables include substrate concentration(glucose), cell mass(dry cell weight and fresh cell weight), product concentration(flavone glycosides), activity and viability. Satisfactory agreement between the model and experimental data is obtained from shake flask culture of Scutellaria baicalensis G. The proposed model can predict the cell growth and flavone glycosides synthesis as well as intermediate materials.