• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.192-198
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• 2014

This case is a porcelain laminate veneer (PLV) and all-ceramic crown treatment case on a female patient in her thirties who visited for esthetic improvement. The patient's chief complaint was protrusive and uneven anterior teeth, and she wanted minimum tooth reduction. The patient was in skeletal class II deep bite. Considering this, check bite method was used for mounting on articulator during diagnostic wax-up. Tooth reduction was done using mock-up base on diagnostic wax-up, and the amount of deletion was checked by index. For the accordance of shade, PLVs were restored in prior to all ceramic crown. After using all-ceramic crown, satisfactory esthetic improvement was obtained.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.238-243
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• 2017

Background: The production method of ginseng seedlings for ginseng cultivation is very important to ensure healthy rooting system as well as high quality, and yield of the resultant plants. This study was carried out to compare the growth characteristics of 2-year-old ginseng plants that were produced from seedlings grown in self soil nursery (SSN), nursery soil (NS) or hydroponic culture (HC). Methods and Results: The shading prop used was composed of four-layered 4 polyethylene (blue 3 + black 1) shade screen. The management of main field was done by inserting oil cake (1,200 kg/10 a) and then allowing Sudan grass to grow for a year. Seedling transplantation was carried out on April 6. Root growth was measured on October 25. Root weight was observed to be excellent at 6.0 g, following SSN transplantation. Root length was 21.2 cm for HC seedlings, but these plants had a physiological disorder (i.e., rusty root), in 83.5% plants of this treatment. The ratio of PD/PT (protopanaxadiol saponins / protopanaxatriol saponins) was higher in NS seedlings. Plant analysis revealed that Fe content was lower in HC seedlings with high rustiness. The growth of 2-years-old ginseng was different following these varying seedling cultivation methods, but seedlings from NS were not different from those grown in SSN. Conclusions: For the propagation of 2-year-old ginseng plants, NS seedlings may be a good substitute for SSN seedlings.

• FLOWER RESEARCH JOURNAL
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.284-290
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• 2008

In order to elucidate growth characteristics, physiological responses and leaf color changes of leaf-variegated Arundinaria munsuensis and Carex ciliato-marginata for variegata, These experiments were performed under four different light ragimes control(full sun), 40%, 70% and 85%. Plant height and leaf area became promoted as shading level increases in leaf-variegated Arundinaria munsuensis. Photosynthetic effect was the highest in 85% shading of the full sun. Thus, this plant could be growing in the deep shade condition. Plant growth and the leaf color changes were most obviously shown in the 40% shading level. In the Carex ciliatomarginata for. variegata growth status was the best and green or strong greenish yellow leaf color turned out to be much clearer in the 40% shading treatment. And photosynthetic activity was enhanced as the light intensity decreases.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.606-610
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• 2010

A new cultivars Dendranthema grandiflourm 'Dream Moon' was developed at Gyeonggi-do Agricultural Research and Extension Services (GARES), Korea in 2008. The cultivar 'Dream Moon' was derived from a cross between 'Patra', a spray cultivar with yellow single type, and 'Sei-rosa', a spray cultivar with pink single type in 2005. The cultivar has single type flowers with pink petals. Trial evaluation was conducted from 2006 to 2008 for a shading cultivation in summer and a retarding cultivation in spring. The flowering time of 'Dream Moon' is late October, and year-round flowering is possible by shade or light treatment. The diameter of flower is 56.0 mm. Numbers of flowers per stem and petals per flower are 16.4 and 24.6, respectively. After investing of specific characters from 2006 to 2008, it was finally selected and named 'Dream Moon'. It has resistance to white rust and the vase life is about 20.7days in autumn season.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.226-233
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• 2023

High solar radiation in summer season causes excessive respiration of crops and reduces photosynthesis. In addition, the rainy season, which mainly occurs in summer, causes a low light condition inside the greenhouse. A low light condition can reduce crop growth and yield. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of shade and supplemental lighting on the growth and yield of cucumber during summer season. Cucumber grafted seedlings were transplanted in two plastic greenhouses on August 30, 2022. To reduce the light intensity inside the greenhouse, a 50% shading screen was installed in one greenhouse. Supplemental lighting was conducted from September 7, 2022 to October 20, 2022. HPS (high-pressure sodium lamp), W LED (white LED, red:green:blue = 5:3:2), and RB LED (combined red and blue LED, red:blue = 7:3) were used for supplemental lighting sources, and non-treated (nonsupplemental lighting) was as the control. The supplemental lighting was conducted before sunrise and after sunset for 2 hours with a photosynthetic photon flux density of 150 ± 20 µmol·m^-2·s^-1. The plant height, leaf length, leaf width, and SPAD value tended to increase in the shading group. RB LED increased stem diameter regardless of shading treatment. Fresh and dry weights of fruits were not significantly different in shading and supplemental lighting. Average fresh weight of fruits was not significantly different among supplemental lighting as the harvest date passed. In conclusion, in this study 50% shade treatment significantly improved the growth of cucumber during the summer season. In addition, the growth and fruit characteristics are better than the control without supplemental lighting. This study can be used as basic research data for applying supplemental lighting technology to cucumber cultivation.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.124-134
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• 1994

The shade of restorative materials is very important for successful restoration esthetically harmonized with the natural tooth. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the color stability and the opacity change of conventional chemical setting and visible light curing glass-ionomer cements for restorative esthetic filling. Specimens of each brand (GC Fuji II and Fuji II LC) were uniformly prepared and divided into three groups: In group l(control group), the specimens received no surface treatment; in group 2, the specimens were coated with varnish and the excess gently blown off; and in group 3. the specimens were coated with light-cured bonding resin and irradiated by a visible light curing unit for 20 seconds on both sides. All specimens were stored in distilled water at $37^{\circ}C$ and checked after for 24 hours. 2 months. 4 months, 6 months. and 8 months. The color characteristics($L^*,\;a^*,\;b^*$) and the opacity(Y%) of all the samples were measured by a spectrocolorimeter and the total color differences(${\Delta}E^*$) and opacity changes(${\Delta}Y%$) were computed. The following results were obtained : 1. The total tolor differences in all groups increased with time. 2. The total color differences of the LC groups after immersion for 8 months in distilled water at $37^{\circ}C$ were lower than those of GC groups(p<0.01), and the total color differences of the varnish or the light-cured bonding resin coated groups were lower than those of the control group with glass-ionomer cements which had no surface treatment(p<0.01). 3. In all groups the translucency decreased with time. 4. In the control group and the varnish coating group. the opacity changes of the GC groups were lower than those of the LC groups(p<0.01) and in the light-cured bonding resin coated group, there was no significant difference between the GC group and the LC group. 5. The opacity changes of the varnish or the light-cured bonding resin coated groups were lower than those of the control group(p<0.01). These results suggest that color change and opacity of conventional chemical setting and light cured glass-ionomer cement were increased with time, and the color changes and the opacity changes of a control group after immersion for 8 months in distilled water at $37^{\circ}C$ were greater than those of the varnish or the light-cured bonding resin coated groups.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.123-127
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• 2013

A new spray chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflorum) 'Blue Hope' was bred by the Flower Research Institute, Gyeongsangnam-do Agricultural Research & Extension Services in 2009. The cultivar 'Blue Hope' was initially derived from the cross in 2005 between 'Ford', a spray chrysanthemum cultivar, with white anemone type, and 'Chopin', a spray chrysanthemum cultivar with white anemone type. The cultivar has anemone type with white petals. After the evaluation of the characteristics under shade culture in summer and retarding culture in spring and consecutive selection from 2007 to 2009, 'Blue Hope' was selected finality. The natural flowering time of 'Blue Hope' was October 24th, and year-round flowering is possible by shading or lighting treatment. The growth of plant was very vigorous and response time 6.5 weeks. The diameter of flower was 4.9 cm. Number of flowers per stem was 19.1 in autumn. Days to flowering under the short day treatment was about 45 in spring and its vase life was 23.8 days in the autumn season. This cultivar was resistance white rust and consumer's preference of new spray is high level than the control.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.285-292
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• 2011

In plants, heteroblasty reflects the morphological adaptation during leaf development according to the external environmental condition and affects the final shape and size of organ. Among parameters displaying heteroblasty, leaf index is an important and typical one to represent the shape and size of simple leaves. Leaf index factor is eventually determined by cell proliferation and cell expansion in leaf blades. Although several regulators and their mechanisms controlling the cell division and cell expansion in leaf development have been studied, it does not fully provide a blueprint of organ formation and morphogenesis during environmental changes. To investigate genes and their mechanisms controlling leaf index during leaf development, we carried out molecular-genetic and physiological experiments using an Arabidopsis mutant. In this study, we identified macrophylla (mac) which had enlarged leaves. In detail, the mac mutant showed alteration in leaf index and cell expansion in direction of width and length, resulting in not only modification of leaf shape but also disruption of heteroblasty. Molecular-genetic studies indicated that mac mutant had point mutation in ROTUDIFOLIA3 (ROT3) gene involved in brassinosteroid biosynthesis and was an allele of rot3-1 mutant. We named it mac/rot3-5 mutant. The expression of ROT3 gene was controlled by negative feedback inhibition by the treatment of brassinosteroid hormone, suggesting that ROT3 gene was involved in brassinosteroid biosynthesis. In dark condition, in addition, the expression of ROT3 gene was up-regulated and mac/rot3-5 mutant showed lower response, compare to wild type in petiole elongation. This study suggests that ROT3 gene has an important role in control of leaf index during leaf expansion process for proper environmental adaptation, such as shade avoidance syndrome, via the control of brassinosteroid biosynthesis.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.105-112
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• 2009

This study has attempted to facilitate various new technologies related to indoor containers and develop a desirable planting environment after investigating the growth (including root growth) of shade-tolerant landscape plants under slit processing, a natural indoor ventilation system. The following results were found: In terms of the shoot growth of Fatsia japonica in a slit container, no distinctive difference was observed in comparison with the control group. However, growth was good when the container 250mm tall or taller. Therefore, it was verified that optical soil depth is more important than slit processing in shoot growth of Fatsia japonica. In Fatsia japonica root length was observed as follows: Control 2(250mm) > Slit 2(250mm) > Control 1(195mm) > Slit 3(360mm) > Control 3(360mm) > Slit 1(195mm). The largest growth was observed in Control 2(250mm), which had no slit processing. In term of root width, this was lower than the initial value in all groups, which means that the root grew vertically, not horizontally. In terms of plant height of Ophiopogon japonicus, a gradual increase was observed in the control group that had no slit processing. No significant growth was detected in the slit system, however. In terms of shoot number, slit containers were generally higher than the control group. In terms of fresh and dry weights, on the contrary, slit containers were mostly lower than the control group. In Ophiopogon japonicus, root length was observed as follows: Slit 2(250mm) > Slit 1(195mm) > Control 2(250mm) > Control 3(360mm) > Slit 3(360mm) > Control 1(195mm). In Ardisia japonica, slit containers were mostly greater than control group in terms of plant height. The greatest plant height was observed at Slit 2(250mm) instead of Slit 1(195mm) and Slit 3(360mm). Except for plant height and shoot number, however, no significant shoot and root growth was observed. Root length was observed as follows: Slit 2(250mm) > Slit 3(360mm) > Control 3(360mm) > Slit 1(195mm) > Control 2(250mm) > Control 1(195mm). Therefore, root length in slit containers was mostly greater than in the control group. The width of root, however, declined in general.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.377-384
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• 2007

Present tooth bonding system can be categorized into total etching bonding system (TE) and self-etching boding system (SE) based on their way of smear layer treatment. The purposes of this study were to compare the effectiveness between these two systems and to evaluate the effect of number of themocycling on microleakage of class V composite resin restorations. Total forty class V cavities were prepared on the single-rooted bovine teeth and were randomly divided into four experimental groups: two kinds of bonding system and another two kinds of thermocycling groups. Half of the cavities were filed with Z250 following the use of TE system, Single Bond and another twenty cavities were filled with Metafil and AQ Bond, SE system. All composite restoratives were cured using light curing unit (XL2500, 3M ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA) for 40 seconds with a light intensity of $600mW/cm^2$. Teeth were stored in distilled water for one day at room temperature and were finished and polished with Sof-Lex system. Half of teeth were thermocycled 500 times and the other half were thermocycled 5,000 times between $5^{\circ}C$ and $55^{\circ}C$ for 30 second at each temperature. Teeth were isolated with two layers of nail varnish except the restoration surface and 1 mm surrounding margins. Electrical conductivity (${\mu}A$) was recorded in distilled water by electrochemical method. Microleakage scores were compared and analyzed using two-way ANOVA at 95% level. From this study, following results were obtained: There was no interaction between variables of bonding system and number of thermocycling (p = 0.485). Microleakage was not affected by the number of thermocycling either (p = 0.814). However, Composite restoration of Metafil and AQ Bond, SE bond system showed less microleakage than composite restoration of Z250 and Single Bond, TE bond system (p = 0.005).