• 한국산업융합학회 논문집
• /
• 제8권1호
• /
• pp.11-17
• /
• 2005

This study was performed to analysis the operation process when fabric pattern design was done by the use of CAD system compared with the manual work in order to determine the operation efficiency with the application of fabric design CAD system. The results of the study were as follows: 1. since 160,000 colors were supported by CAD system, color proposed by consumer was able to match exactly according to the its design. However, exact color matching was not possible by manual work. 2. Woven state of back of pattern design could be identified simultaneously with face of it for CAD system, while face and back of the fabrics should be designed separatedly in case of manual work. 3. Since the combination of warp and filling yarn was compatible with the fabric density in one repeat unit in CAD system, exact size of pattern design to be woven was able to expressed. 4. Only simple graphical expression by manual work was seen, while with the CAD system, texture and shade effect as well as graphical expression could be expressed and so fault could be reduced in advance with the simulation of actual feeling of fabrics in the screen. In conclusion, when CAD system will be introduced to the textile industry, operation time of designing pattern can be reduced. Since the operation is easy and simple, a beginner can operate CAD system easily. Thus, production and wage costs can be saved and this can be related directly with the improvement of productivity which is the main purpose of introducing CAD system.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
• /
• 제8권1호
• /
• pp.16-20
• /
• 2016

PURPOSE. Polymer infiltrated ceramic network (PICN) materials, also called hybrid ceramics, are new materials in dental market. The manufacturer of the PICN material VITA Enamic suggests 3 different finishing procedures for this new material. In the present study, surface roughness and color differences caused from different finishing procedures of VITA Enamic were investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS. 120 specimens were prepared in dimensions $2{\times}10{\times}12mm$ from VITA Enamic hybrid ceramic blocks with 'high translucency' and 'translucency 2M2' shades. The specimens were divided into 8 groups. For each group, different finishing procedures suggested by the manufacturer were performed. Surface roughness values were determined by a tactile portable profilometer. Color changes were evaluated using a clinical spectrophotometer. The data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey's post-hoc comparison. The significance level was set at ${\alpha}=0.05$. RESULTS. The roughest surfaces were observed in Glaze Groups. Their surface roughness values were similar to that of the control group. Clinical Kit and Technical Kit groups did not show a statistically significant difference regarding surface roughness (P>.05). The largest color difference regarding ${\Delta}E_{00}$ was observed in Clinical Kit finishing groups. There were also statistically significant color changes between the groups (P<.05). However, all the groups showed clinically acceptable color change (${\Delta}E_{00}$<2.25) except Clinical Kit Groups (${\Delta}E_{00}$>2.25). CONCLUSION. Within the limitations of the present study, it may be suggested that finishing the VITA Enamic restorations by Technical Kit instead of Glaze and Clinical Kit gives better clinical performance in regard to surface roughness and shade matching.

• 대한치과기공학회지
• /
• 제31권1호
• /
• pp.23-36
• /
• 2009

The goal of esthetic restoration is to achieve morphologic, optical, and biologic acceptance. Creation of a natural looking ceramic restoration, which blends harmoniously with surrounding dentition, is not always achieved. A successful color match is an important aspect of any esthetic dental restoration. Since natural enamel has inherent translucency, it is important that ceramic restorations reproduce the translucency and color of the natural teeth. However, the final color match of porcelain crowns to adjacent natural dentition remains some problem. Difficulties related to color matching arise from the structural differences that exist between metal ceramic crowns and natural teeth, the limited range of available ceramic shades, inadequate shade guides, different types of metal alloys, repeated firing, the condensation technique, and varying compositions of ceramic materials. Many factors contribute to the esthetic success of dental restoration: optical properties such as color and its elements of hue, value, and chroma; translucency and opacity; light transmission and scattering; and metamerism and fluorescence. The purpose of this study was to determine the color changes of metal-ceramic system with different veneering porcelain powder after repeated firing. The objectives of this in vitro study were to measure the lightness($L^*$), chromaticity($a^*$), chromaticity($b^*$), chroma($C^*$), hue(h), reflectance(%), color difference(${\Delta}E$). The following conclusions were obtained: 1. An increase in the number of firings resulted in decrease in lightness($L^*$) but increase in chromacticity($a^*$) with all porcelain. After the second sintering resulted in decrease in chromacticity($b^*$) with opaque-dentin porcelain and dentin porcelain but in increase with enamel porcelain and translucency porcelain. And after the second sintering resulted in decrease in chroma($C^*$) with opaque-dentin porcelain and dentin porcelain, but on the whole side in decrease with enamel porcelain and translucency porcelain. 2. After the second firing, a increase in the number of firings resulted in decrease reflectance(%) in all wavelength. 3. There were noticeable color differences(${\Delta}E$) between first sintering and multiple firings(dentin porcelain: 5.29~8.15, opaque-dentin porcelain: 4.83~8.2, enamel porcelain: 8.93~13.15, translucency porcelain: 9.37~12.91), but the color difference(${\Delta}E$) after second sintering were down to 4.87 in all porcelain. 4. Given the NBS Criteria, a 'trace' was not found this study but a 'slight' was found 2-3, 3-5 in dentin porcelain, 2-3 in opaque-dentin porcelain, 3-5, 5-10 in enamel porcelain and translucency porcelain, a 'noticeable' was 2-5, 3-10, 5-10 in dentin porcelain and opaque-dentin porcelain, 2-3, 2-5, 3-10 in enamel porcelain 2-3, 3-10 in translucency porcelain, an 'appreciable' was 1-2, 1-3, 2-10 in dentin porcelain 1-2, 1-3, 2-10, 3-10 in opaque-dentin porcelain, 2-10 in enamel porcelain, 2-5, 2-10 in translucency porcelain, a 'much' was 1-5, 1-10 in dentin porcelain and opaque-dentin porcelain, 1-2, 1-3, 1-5 in enamel porcelain 1-2, 1-3, 1-5, 1-10 in translucency porcelain, a 'very much' was 1-10 in enamel porcelain.