• The International Journal of Costume Culture
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2009

As foundation wear, underwear is the starting point where a woman shapes her figure and constructs a female identity. In the late twentieth century, the use of underwear as outerwear was extensively adapted, so underwear as outerwear is the latest thing today. Based on literature review, this study aimed to examine how underwear was adopted for use as outerwear extensively in the late twentieth century. The result of this study can be summarized as follows. First, originally there was no border between underwear and outerwear at the start. With the change of female social and political status, the function of underwear and its design has been changed diversely. Also, its revealing and decoration has been linked with female sexual attraction. Second, by some precursor fashion designers such as Vivienne Westwood and Jean Paul Gaultier, underwear was redefined as outerwear with erotic but powerful meaning in the Twentieth century. Their idea had an enormous influence on contemporary fashion culture, and consequently has become popularized like lingerie look today. Third, the change of female social status led a big change in view on the female sexuality and the ideas of femininity in fashion culture in the Twentieth century. Dressed by Gaultier, Madonna's performance wearing corset costume played a role in redefining contemporary femininity in relation to sexuality and power, even though it is still under the controversy.

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.213-218
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• 2021

Background: The purpose of this study is to identify the gender sensitivity and gender role stereotypes of students in dental hygiene and to provide basic data to expand social awareness of equal gender sensitivity and gender role in dental hygiene and students by identifying the degree of correlation. Methods: The purpose of this study was to study dental hygiene students at colleges in Gyeonggi and Chungcheong areas. The survey was conducted from April 1 to April 30, 2021. The final sample was analyzed on 157 subjects. T-test and ANOVA analysis were performed to compare gender sensitivity and gender role stereotypes according to general characteristics. Equal variances were tested using the Levene statistic, and significant differences between groups were identified through Scheffe's post hoc analysis. Pearson's correlation analysis was performed to confirm the correlation between gender sensitivity and gender role stereotypes. Results: Gender sensitivity was 2.69 and gender role stereotypes were 1.83. Among the sub-areas of gender sensitivity, gender role openness was the highest at 2.86, and non-violence was the lowest at 2.50. As for gender role stereotypes, social stereotypes were the highest among sub-areas at 1.71. Among the general characteristics, there was a statistically significant difference in gender sensitivity according to the presence or absence of opposite sex friends (p=0.011). The gender identity openness of gender sensitivity and the physical sub-areas of gender role stereotypes showed the highest positive correlation(r=0.955). Among the sub-areas of gender sensitivity, gender role openness and domestic stereotypes showed the lowest negative correlation (r=-0.404) among the sub-areas of gender role stereotypes. Conclusion: Dental hygiene students should be able to critically analyze and solve problems of not only sexual violence but also gender discrimination and imbalance in social life. For this, environmental factors such as school education and professor guidance must be strengthened.

• 복식
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• 제60권7호
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• pp.1-13
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to review changes of gender identity of men as a sexual role changes and their cognition on fashion and to analyze changes and features of their fashion required in the diversified era and suggest implications for future men's fashion design. To understand a correlation between a change of men's gender styles and fashion and aesthetic features and differences by gender style, this study analyzed significant brands of the men's design market. The results of this study are as followings. First, metrosexual and uebersexual were mixed in the 1990's and the 2000's. The ratio of uebersexual in the 1990's was higher as three times as metrosexual. On the other hand, the ratio of metrosexual in the 2000's was higher than uebersexual by about 3.5%. It implicates that there were significant changes in design of men's clothes between the 1990's and the 2000's. Second, aesthetic properties and differences of metrosexual and uebersexual obtained from the survey. Metrosexual fashion uses almost all details and has no limit in using materials and accessories. The other side, uebersexual fashion rarely has details. In conclusion, this study showed that the relationship between male and fashion on the social and cultural phenomena. which have been recognized that there is a low correlation, is being newly established as a sexual role changes by gender.

• 복식
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• 제21권
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• pp.101-112
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• 1993

In representing eroticism in fashion advertising the sentiments of the Post-Modernism thinking of only impulse and pleasure as practical and affirming a human life may he divided into the follwing expression First1 y, Sumbolic Expression The sentiments of Post-Modernism associ ates, the direction sexual intercourse by means of the state and action of wearing the costume or represents indirect symbols with the symbolic expression of an object or phenomenon Secondly, Masochistic, Sadistic Expression. The sentiments of the Post-Modernism in expressing eroticism give people masochistic or sadistic feelings or expressions by means of protographic technigues or the state or background of wearing the model's costume. Thirdly, Homosexual Expression. The sentiments of the Post-Modernism is appropriate to expressing an androgynous and unisex look to people as a role of meeting potential instincts. Fourthy, Feministic Expression. The sentiments of me Post-Modernism also express a subjective woman and represent an extension of her ego through the existence of the woman herself by means of the body-conscious look. Fifthly, Narcissistic Expression. The de-genre such as the introduction high technology and de-campus rnakes consumers have theirself-identity.

• 의학교육논단
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.39-45
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• 2011

Women's educational opportunities have been increasing and women's general advancement in higher education is the underlying factor behind the increasing number of female students in medical school. A number of issues affect female students and residents, including the existence of gender bias and sexual harassment, higher stress levels and lower levels of work satisfaction, the lack of role models in academic medicine, and conflict between work and family roles, including challenges surrounding having children. To what extent female and male medical students and residents make different career and life style choices is also an important issue. The shortage of doctors in surgical departments and maldistribution among specialties are of great concern in the health care system and medicine's future. We must prepare to solve these problems. New medical policies and educational approaches are needed for the future.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.473-488
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• 2012

This study examines the origin of dolls as well as how the role and types of various dolls have changed in a comparison of the functions of dolls before and after $20^{th}$ century. In addition, this study analyzes symbolic characteristics appearing in doll costumes. First, doll costumes (used in child play) represent sexual roles and various role models that are taught to children. Second, they reflect the fashion trends of that time and appear in the most beautiful forms that pursue the ideals of the time where doll costumes symbolize the latest fashion of the time. Third, the culture of doll costumes symbolizes cultural identity that show native customs, art, culture, and ethnic characteristics. Lastly, a mania society for dolls and collector groups are formed that share individual sensitivity. Members of those groups have feelings of solidarity and homogeneity through doll costumes that they have decorated and expressed themselves that show the reinforcement of a group by doll costumes.

• 복식
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• 제58권6호
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• pp.158-171
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• 2008

The purpose of the study was to examine how changes of women's sexual identity and gender role were expressed in designs of dance costumes by analyzing costumes used in creative dance works. Related articles, dance magazines, Internet information and dance costumes were used for the analysis of various performance cases to express persona and animus of a woman. The results of the study were as follows: 1. As a woman's role, persona, has recently changed into active propensity, dance directors have come to prefer bold and daring image of female dancer to strongly express animus, the masculine inclination of a woman. 2. Female dancers' costumes were frequently associated with daring body exposure such as body painting on half-naked body, to reflect the above and a number of female dancers dressed daringly in masculine style trom head to toe. Also, pants or hot pants instead of skirt were frequently used as dance costumes to symbolize animus. In addition, colors in dance costumes became vivid and bold in comparison to the simple and soft colors used in the past.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.727-738
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• 2020

This study focused on popular YouTube subculture content and male YouTuber characteristics. We conducted a case study on YouTube videos and viewer's comments of male YouTubers who interacted with subculture or fashion themes within YouTube. Based on Dick Hebdige's subculture theory, we categorized male subculture characteristics of style expression to show how YouTube plays a role in the formation of subculture. The representative types of male subculture were divided into metro sexual, adolescent boys, drag queen, and homosexual. YouTube simultaneously played a role in accumulating video viewing as well as indirect experiences in various communication activities and cultures among viewers. YouTube was used as a space for video producers as well as viewers and subscribers to discover and build identity. Subculture makes people aware of cultural diversity within society, and their doubles and lifestyles serve as important clues to track culture and fashion changes. This research is significant in the field of fashion media and subculture research due to its examination of male subculture phenomenon on YouTube based on an analysis of the video content of culture insiders and viewers' comments as well as immediate responses.

• 복식
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• 제30권
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• pp.211-225
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• 1996

In this paper we discuss the corelation be-tween feminism and fashion and examine its influnce on mordern fashion. And we also try to infer what the fashion design will be like in the future by understanding the value of modern fashion from a new viewpoint. The Early Feminism which advocated the similarity between man and women held the thought that women could be equal to men only when they behaved in the same way as men did, In 1970s when the pendulum of the Early Feminism movement reached its highest point a manish look began to flourish. The manish look introduced the items once employed only for men such as trench costs tidy tailored suits shirts and ties to women clothes. It has taken root deeply in women's life and is still employed in various ways by many designers. From the late 1970s the pendulum of feminism movement began to swing toward the Essentialist Feminism which emphasized the differences between men and women. It focused not on the negative image of women seen from male-oriented viewpoints but on their positive image and stressed women's sexual characteristic to make distinction between two genders. in fashion the Essentialist Feminism played a role in bringing about a sexy look which stressed the erotic silhouette of woman's body. The latest feminism is the socio-cultural one. It sees the distinction between men and women as sexual discrimination and introduces the androgynous human which carries the characteristic of two sexes. it leads to ambiguity of sex roles and at the same time serves to make androgynous social atmosphere by admitting the coexistence of two genders. The androgynous idea in fashion is expressed as a new trend which crosses men and women's own beauty while keeping their own identity intact. As we have briefly reviewed feminism in fashion has been presented in various ways with regard to expressing the nature of men and women. And it has continuously indicated the ultimate message of the salvation of mankind such as the respect for humanity and recovery of humanism.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.179-189
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• 2000

본 연구에서는 바닥층을 점토포설의 대안으로 기존의 원지반 해성점토에 시멘트와 벤토나이트 및 고화재를 혼합한 새로운 고화처리토를 이용하여 안전하고 경제적이며 효율적인 매립지 바닥층을 조성하고자 한다. 그러나 매립지 바닥층의 시공에 있어서 고화처리토를 이용한 표층고화 처리층을 바닥층의 재료로서 사용하는데 토목역학적인 안전성에 대한 기술적 자료가 전무한 실정이다. 특히 고화처리토를 포설한 후 겨울철 동상에 대한 연구문헌 및 사례는 국내, 외를 막론하고 쉽게 찾아볼 수 없었다. 따라서 본 조사연구를 통하여 기초적인 자료를 수집하고 겨울철 조건하에 고화처리층의 동결/융해 현상에 대한 바닥층의 안전성 및 동상현상을 검토하여 설계 및 시공에 반영될 수 있도록 하였다.$^4),6),21),25)$ 또한 본 연구에서는 폐기물매립지 바닥층의 포설에 가장 중요한 실패 원인중 하나인 동절기에 동상에 따른 고화처리층의 동결/융해 현상에 대한 연구를 실시하여 향후 해안폐기물매립지 건설에 기술적으로 이바지 하고자 한다. 고화처리층은 지지력을 목적으로 하는45 cm의 고화토층과 차수를 목적으로 하는30 cm의 불투수층의 $P_A와\; P_B$층으로 구성되었으며 고화처리층 하부에는 30 cm의 지하수 배제층, 상부에는 60 cm의 침출수 집배수층으로 설계되었다. 결과적으로 동결깊이는 동일한 조건에서 인공강우를 고려한 실험에서 동결깊이가 증가하였으며 동상현상은 수mm정도 증가하였고 국부적으로 표면균열이 발생하였다. 이러한 결과로 볼 때 매립지 바닥층의 설계에서 고화처리토를 사용한 바닥층이 점토층으로 구성된 설계보다 더욱 신뢰할 수 있다고 생각할 수 있다. (이송 외 2인, 1999; 이송 외 3인, 1999)e experimental group who was exposed to the A-V media produced by the author showed the higher score of androgyny sexual role identity than the control group who didn′t watch the A-V program. 2) The experimental group showed the higher rate of the androgyny than the control group, On the other hand, their rate of the masculinity turned out to be lower than the latter group. 3) The experimental group didn′t show the difference of SAS score from the control group .In conclusion, "Our sexuality is Healthful" A-V program for sexual education brought about the significant change of sexual role identity of the middle school boys, but didn′t affect their attitude toward sexual activity.ypothesis 4: The 4th hypothesis that "There will be significant difference of the pulse rate just before surgery in the experimental group and control group"was supported(P= .004).