• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.99-113
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• 2007

This study aims to investigate the concepts and characteristics of Metrosexual and Ubersexual image which are the recent fashion phenomena representing the lifestyles of comtemporary men, and to analyze the design of contemporary men's fashion based on the represented characteristics of these sexual images. To accomplish these ends, various related publications, articles and papers, divers serial publications, and numerous internet articles are collectively reviewed for theoretical studies, and design analysis are conducted for content analysis(style, color, material, detail, etc) using photo data taken from the collections from 2001 through 2006. The results of this study shows that recent appearance of Metrosexual and Ubersexual fashion image represents the change of aesthetic standards in the contemporary society. With the influence of sociocultural phenomena which allow the pursuit of individual personality, the contemporary men, instead of expressing the socialized sexual identity, came to acquire the freedom of sexual identity which represents their personal desires. As an expression of hmnan will to pursue unrestricted sensibility and aesthetic sense, these sexual phenomena of Metrosexual and Ubersexual will be reinterpreted and reappear in various forms as the social atmosphere and aesthetic standards changes.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.340-355
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• 1995

purpose of this study was to trace historically the causes of the visual inconsistency of seXual ilT'age in dress with versatile perspectives. For this purpose, theoretical studies about the concepts of sexuality in dress were precceded. To trace the factors of the visual inconsistency of sexual image in dress, historical studies from ancient Egypt to modern ages were done. And then, the factors of the visual inconsist\ulcornerency of sexual image in dress were identified. The synthetic results were as follows; L The visual inconsistency of sexual image in dress shows the phenomena that men introduce the traditional feminine image in dress (ex. X silhouette, skirts), whereas women do the traditional masculine image (ex. Y silhouette, pants), which arouse androgynous image in appearance. And, it also indicates that men or women wear the dress excluded the traditional masculine image as well as the traditional feminine image, which arouse neutral image in appearance. 2. The visual inconsistency of sexual image in dress have been existed historically, from Egypt to modern ages. 3. The visual inconsistency of sexual image III dress was caus~d by various factors as follows; First, ideal beauty of the times which did not distinguish between masculinity and femininity resulted in the visual inconsistency of sexual image in dress. Second, as a means of seeking pleasure, the visual inconsistency of sexual image in dress was used. Third, as a means of expressing ideology, the visual inconsistency of sexual image in dress was selected. Forth,in religious meaning,the visual inconsistency ofl sexual image in dress was appeared. Fifth,popularization of sports and occupational role made woman adopt the masculine image in dress in view of the aspects of functionalism. Sixth,Undevelopment of taloring contributed to generate androgenous image in dress.

• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.53-65
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• 2001

The purposes of this study were to collect basic data on education of Sexuality(Health education) of consciousness & value of sexuality of elementary school children. 584,6th grade students in elementary school in Yong-In city were analysed and the results are as follow; 1. Knowledges of sexuality for children was at a average level, especially "physical change of puberty" and "sexual violence" were well recognized but "the physical characteristics of male & female" and "physiological phenomena of men" were less recognized. Attitudes of sexuality were positive for "relationship with partners" and "expression of mind". Practices of sexuality were at a low rate in the case of "shaking hands with partner" and "experience of sexual behavior". The Value of sexuality was at a high rates in the case of "the role of sex", "equality" & "self-identification", therefore students need good education of sexuality from childhood 2. Sexuality education of students increased knowledges of sexuality as a consciousness. There was no relationship between attitudes and pratices of sexuality. Educated children valued sexuality move highly than uneducated children. This result shows that education is needed with regard to both the knowledge and value of sexuality in a planned system. We need some program to provide more information on sexual attitudes and practices. 3. There was a high correlation between the consciousness of sexuality and value placed on it. As sexual awareness increases amongst students codes of morality develop Positive sexual attitudes served as good role models for sex. In particular positive sexual attitudes have a big effect on sexual values. In addition, as sexual awareness and attitude increase amongst students the role of sexual development. The elementary school phase sexual values are developed and determined. It is therefore an important phase.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.125-133
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• 2006

Metro-Sexual is one of the most representing case showing contemporary life style of men that rooted into public already. The fundamental feature of this Metro-Sexual is the conversion of men's costume style to womanness which also could be seen from the history of clothes. The former works about sexual image, expression of sexual identity, androgynous and borderless phenomenon have been referred as base of this work. To analyze Metro-Sexual in modern social/cultural factors through such existing works will be critical part of understanding entire fashion trend in this day beyond sexual limit. As research method, former works, references, various fashion magazines and fashion related sites was used to grasp conception and womanity of Metro-Sexual. In a limited time interval from $2001{\sim}2006$ for practical work, silhouette, detail, trimming, colors, items, patterns and accessories were analyzed selected from famous S/S, F/W men's fashion collection magazine and internet site of professional fashion institute. It is obvious that Metro-Sexual already spread out in men's fashion based on such social/cultural background as new century's icon that regarded as critical factor in researching contemporary men's fashion and of the future.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.77-85
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• 2002

Recently in Korea, the adolescents' sexual problems including sexual violence have increased, and those phenomena have escalated to be one of the major social issues. This study was conducted to identify the variables related to the sexual harassments of the Korean adolescents. The variables to which the subjects belong were gender, school grade, religion, extracurricular activity, amount of pocket money, school performance traffic mean to school, ownership of PC, internet contact frequency and place, contact to pornography, heterosexual friend, drinking, and smoking. The period of survey was from July 2000 to Dec. 2000. The subjects were 475 middle and high-schoolers in Busan and Kyung-Nam. The instrument to measure sexual harassments of the subjects was questionnaire. That was gained by modifying the three patterns(physical, verbal and visual) in the manual provide by the Ministry of Labor(1999). The degree of sexual harassments was measured by 4-point Likert scale. The collected data was analyzed with t-test and ANOVA by SPSS win(10.0). The findings were as follows ;1. The variables related to the physical harassment were gender, age, pocket money, perceived school performance, traffic means, contact to pornography, having heterosexual friend, experience of drinking and smoking.2. The variables related to the visual harassments were gender, age, perceived school performance, traffic mean, internet contact, contact to pornography, having heterosexual friend, experience of drinking & smoking.3. The variables related to the verbal harassments were gender, age, pocket money, perceived school performance, traffic mean, internet contact, contact to pornography, having heterosexual friend, and experience of drinking & smoking.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.47-55
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• 2005

Avian vocalization has been main topics in studying animal communication. The structure and usage as well as development and function of vocalization vary enormously among species and even among populations, and thus we reviewed the general patterns of song learning and the consequences of song communication in birds at the behavioural level: first, we compared the different learning phenomena between non-songbird and songbird, and we investigated the learning process of songbird both in the field and in the lab, which are needed to fully understand vocal communication. Second, we discussed a recent trend of sexual selection hypothesis explaining the structural and functional diversity of song in songbirds with repertoire and presented how the repertoire is actually used between neighbours based on individual recognition.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.179-187
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• 1997

Early development growth and sexual phenomena of the hybrid between male spotted flounder (Verasper variegatus) and female olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) were investigated. The hybrid produced was newly called the "Bumnupchi" in Korean name, "Mottled flounder" in English name. Fertilization rate, hatching rate and early survival rate of the mottled flounder were 56.9~72.3%, 86.7~92.5% and 89.1~96.0%, respectively. At 50th day and 240th day after hatching, they were 2.1$\pm0.2cm\;and\;22.9\pm2.1cm\;in\;total\;length, \;0.10\pm0.002g\;and\;179.0\pm38.5g$ in body weight, respectively. Eye position of the mottled flounder was mixed with both dextral (77.7%) and sinistral type (22.3%). Gonads were differentiated into ovarian type and testis type at 80th day after hatching, and its ratio was 1:1 (P>0.05). Most Gonads seemed to be sterile without having germ cell, whereas only 3.6% of investigated indiciduals turned out to have oocytes in the gonad. When the induction of sex reversal were attempted by daily oral administration of $17\beta$-methyltestosterone (0.5mg/kg fish) andestradiol-17$17\beta$(0.5mg/kg fish)from 40th to 100th day after hatching, both testis and ovary type were induced 81.9% and 87.7% of each hormone-treated fish, respectively.fish, respectively.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.595-607
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• 2002

The objectives of this study were to identify the phenomena of school health nursing at schools in Korea and to contribute to building a school health domain of International Classification for Nursing Practice. A retrospective method was used in this study to develop ICNP during the period from July to October 200l. The procedure of the study involved choosing nursing phenomena using preliminary terms from the reports on the field of school health nursing practice documented by nursing students in 10 different nursing colleges. The detail procedures of the study were as follows. 1) Choosing nursing phenomena by using preliminary terms 2) Choosing the characteristics of school health nursing practice from the selected nursing phenomena 3) In order to make a consensus regarding the appropriate characteristics of phenomena. 15 study group members re-categorized the nursing phenomena through 5 times of cyber meetings and 3 times of formal meetings. 4) To verify each characteristic, 5 community nursing faculties and 25 school health nurses participated in the procedure to give scores on nursing characteristics. 5) Classification of the definite nursing phenomena and characteristics. Following the 5 step procedures, school health nursing phenomena were categorized into human and environmental domains. Human domains were classified into human behavioral and functional domains. Environmental domains were classified into physical and psychosocial domains. The essential characteristics of each phenomena were selected when it obtains the mean score of 3.0 or over at the related characteristics. The human behavioral domain consisted of 7 phenomena including risk for spinal disorder, inadequate dietary habit, inadequate weight control, smoking and substance abuse, inadequate stress management, inadequate sex related coping strategies and inadequate accident management. The human functional domain consisted of 6 phenomena including inadequate eye care and visual management, risk for respiratory disorder, inadequate dental health care, inappropriate infectious disease control, risk for gastrointestinal disorder, and lack of sexual identity. The physical environmental domain consisted of 6 phenomena including risk for incident at inside classroom, risk for incident at outside classroom, risk for incident around school, risk for exposure to hazardous facilities around school. inadequate garbage and disposal management, and inadequate physical environment for learning. The psychosocial domain included impaired social interaction at school. Each phenomenon was composed of 2 to 8 characteristics and all phenomena will include a total number of 85 characteristics. The phenomena of school health nursing in Korea partially confirmed school health architecture of ICNP. Further study on verification of school health nursing phenomena in Korea needs to be done to support the findings of this study through review of literature on nursing classifications or field studies.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.53-82
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• 2007

This study, driven by the question of 'what the experience of healing of female sexual abuse victims is like,' explores the process the victims undergo as they heal from the traumas. Using the methods suggested by Strauss and Corbin's Grounded theory, it analyzes nine interviews taken from victims who have received counseling. The study found that the central phenomena that take place in the process of their healing is 'mental pain due to the damage caused by sexual abuse,' the causal conditions are 'the recognition of the sexual abuse' and 'desperation,' and the contextual conditions are 'the reaction of the close ones of the victims,' 'the preconception about sexuality,' and 'the incarceration and punishment of the offenders.' The victims have been intervened in the healing process by 'being supported' and 're-interpreting the meaning of the damage caused by sexual abuse,' and are found to utilize the interactive strategy among 'facing their emotions,' 'learning new coping strategies,' and 'hoping for the future.' They are also found, as a result of the healing, to 'live unafraid as survivors' and 'have structured their lives in a new way.' This study is of significance in systematically elucidating the healing process and the related elements found through the voices of the survivors of sexual abuse in the context of the Korean society and culture. The limits of this study and suggestions about the studies that should follow this one are included as well.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.275-290
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• 1999

The Objectives of this study were to identify family nursing phenomena at the community in Korea and to contribute to build up family domain of International Classification for Nursing Practice. The method of this study was used retrospective one among three methods to develop ICNP during the period from April 1997 to June 1999. The procedure was to choose nursing phenomena using preliminary terms(stepl) from the reports on family nursing care of the nursing students of 5 junior colleges of nursing and 5 colleges of nursing. The study group members identified 3 common family nursing phenomena with 5 characteristics related to each phenomenon. In order to consensus the appropriate characteristics of a phenomenon(step2), 17 study group members had regrouped nursing phenomena and scored its characteristics 5 times. The essential characteristics of each family phenomenon were selected above 3.5 mean score from related characteristics(step 3). Finally, 17 phenomena were named preferred terms such as following, that was selected after investigated preliminary terms(step4). Family nursing phenomena in Korea are named as Lack of family interaction in community. Social isolation. Lack of social support system in community. Disturbance in parent role, Disturbance in marital role, Dissatisfaction of sexual life, Disturbance in family communication, Inappropriate family coping, Lack of family intimacy, Inappropriate family power structure, Family violence. Unhealthy life style. Deficit of financial management skill and support. Inadequate care a sick member. Insecure safety and hygiene in neighborhood, Inadequate home-sanitation. Inadequate home-making. Family nursing phenomena in Korea were partially confirmed family architecture of ICNP, Beta version. by this study. Further study on Family nursing phenomena in Korea will be required to support evidence through literature review of nursing classifications or field studies.