• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.389-403
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of sexual education on sex knowledge and attitude in elementary school students. Method: Questionnaire data were collected from 4 elementary schools located in Y-gu, Seoul. Final participants included 512 older school-age children. Results: There were significant differences in the degree of sex knowledge (t=-28.35, p<.001) and attitude (t=-18.44, p<.001) between the pretest and the post-test. The degree of sex knowledge changed significantly according to grade, sex, and experience with sex-related questions, and the degree of sex attitude changed significantly according to grade and sex. There was a significant correlation in the degree of change between sex knowledge and attitude (r=.28, p<.001). Conclusion: In this study, sex education for elementary school students effectively changed sex knowledge and attitude. Sex education is recommended elementary school students as well as adolescents in order to encourage responsibility in desirable sex behavior.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.508-517
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• 2001

The purposes of this study are to investigate marital satisfaction according to demographic characteristic, division of household labor, and awareness of gender discrimination, and to explore influences of demographic and other variables on marital satisfaction. Social statistics survey data which collected in 1998 by ministry of statistics were used for secondary analysis of this study. Marital satisfaction was measured by questionnaire which was consisted in 7 items, including satisfaction with general family life, relationship with their own parent and parent-in-law, relationship with brothers and sisters, relationship with their children, and economic living status. These are measured by 5-point Likert scale. Independent variables are age, education, employment status, having their own house or not, No. of children under school age, parents living or not, perception of sexual discrimination, and division of household labor. The findings of this study show that there are significant differences of marital satisfaction by all independents variables, and all independent variables except employment have significant influences on marital satisfaction. People who are younger, received higher education, have their own house, have more children under schoolage and whose parent are living in the world, show higher marital satisfaction. The more husbands participate to household labor, the better marital satisfaction. In case of perception of sexual discrimination, main effect is not significant, but interaction effect with age is significant. Interaction effect between age and education is also significant. 32.52% of the variance in marital satisfaction were accounted for by these variables.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.391-407
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• 1990

This study was performed to establish the cephalometric standards and to observe the nature of anatomic fit in the internal structural relationship of the craniofaciodental complex of the normal Korean by means of Moyers' method. Lateral cephalograms of 143 males and 144 females with normal occlusion and acceptable profile from 6 to 25 years of age, which were consisted of 5 groups that were 6 year-, 9 year-, 12 year-, 15 year- and adult-group were obtained. Data were gathered by traced digitizing the cephalograms and were statistically analyzed. The findings can be summerized as follows. 1. Norms of Korean males, females and both sexes in each group were established. 2. There was little significant sexual dimorphism in the form of craniofacial skeleton of all age groups. 3. The height and length of craniofacial skeleton was alike in each sexes in the 6 year-, 9 year- and 12 year-group, whereas it was larger in male than in female in the 15 year- and adult-group. 4. There were no significant sexual differences in the internal structural relationship of the craniofacial skeleton in all age groups.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.56-63
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was examine the effects of the conspicuous consumption tendency by age on fashion involvement. Questionnaires were distributed to 554 females in their 20s-50s. for the final analysis. The results of this study were as follows. First, as a result of the examination of the differences between conspicuous consumption and fashion involvement by age, people in their 20s showed the highest conspicuous consumption and fashion involvement. Second, as a result of the analysis of the effects of the conspicuous consumption by age on the fashion involvement, people in their 20s and 30s influenced the appearance management among the factors of the individuality pursuit orientation and those in the 40s physical supplementation and appearance management and those in the 50s the physical supplementation and sexual appeal. The brand orientation factor influenced social symbol to all the people in their 20s to 50s and the high price orientation factor did not influence any of the people in their 20s to 50s. The trend pursuit orientation factor showed its influence on appearance management to those in their 30s and sexual appeal and conformity to those in their 40s.

• Korean Journal Plant Pathology
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.654-660
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• 1998

Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Glomerella cingulata are the most important pathogens causing anthracnose which may reduce the stand rate and yield on wide kinds of plants including strawberry. Average occurrence rate of anthracnose is 36.9% on major strawberry cropping areas in Korea. We newly found that C. gloeosporioides which does not forming a sexual stage, infects strawberry and differs in some characteristics concerning virulence, cultural and morphological properties to G. cingulata which has a sexual stage. C. gloeosporioides was mainly isolated from the crown with 35.2% rate, while G. cingulata was largely isolated from petiole, runner with 40.9% rate in infected strawberry plants. These two pathogens showed significant differences in cultural characteristics such as perfect stage formation, temperature response as well as benomyl resistance. It was demonstrated that C. gloeosporioides has significantly stronger pathogenicity than G. cingulata in pathogenicity test carried on strawberry plants to various strawberry cultivars. Akihime, Akaneko and Nyoho forcing cultured strawberry cultivars, considered to be susceptible, while semiforcing cultured cultivars, such as Suhong and Holowase, were shown resistant to both pathogens. In non-wound inoculation, C. gloeosporioides was shown pathogenicity on the apple fruit, but G. cingulata could not infect it.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.255-265
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• 2011

Purpose: The study investigated the knowledge and actual condition of sexuallytransmitted diseases(STD) in Mongoloian. Method: Data from 210 Mongolians were collected for 6days from August 10-15, 2008 using a questionnaire translated by Mongolians to identify the knowledge of STD and with permission, analysis of blood and human immuno deficiency virus(HIV) by SD Bioline Syphilis 3.2 test and SD Bioline HIV-1/2 3.0 test respectively. The data was scored by mean ${\pm}$ standard deviation. Differences were evaluated according to the subjects' general characteristics by t-test and the ANOVA. Results: The average knowledge score concerning STD 48.99(${\pm}.19$) indicated a low level of knowledge. STD was detected in six(2.9%) and HIV was four(1.9%) of the 210 subjects. General characteristics significantly different knowledge level were gender(t=-3.098, p=.002), education(F=6.090, p=.003), type of employment(F=2.443, p=.049), and sexual education experience(F=5.604, p=.004). Conclusion: Education programs to increase STD awareness and its prevention must be developed and regular health evaluations for those already have sexual transmitted disease is needed.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.131-142
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to collect fundamental data for sex education by investigating the actual conditions of sex education, concerns about sex, knowledge of sex and consciousness about sex. The subjects were 212 middle school girls and 219 high school girls in Ggyeong Nam. The results were as follows 1. There was no significant difference between middle school girls in knowledge of sex. 2. The most frequently experienced problem concering other sex was about dating and the many consultants were friends. 3. The stimulation of sexual desire was brought by film$.$TV$.$VTR, and advertisement, and sex information was acquired from friends or magazines in both schools students. 4. The reason of high school students for needing sex education was to solve moral problems and the reason of middle school students was to solve the anxiety in adolescence. 5. The students wanted their sex educator to be the expert in the field of sex education, home economist and nurse teacher, in order. 6. The contents of sex education desired by students were； physiological differences of a man and woman, etiquette and matter with other sex, a sexual problem of teenager and pregnancy$.$delivery$.$child care.

• Anxiety and mood
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.21-27
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• 2016

Objective : The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between subjective sleep problems and various types of traumatic events of patients with depressive disorder. Methods : A total of 411 patients diagnosed with depressive disorders were recruited in this study. The participants filled out Life Time Events Checklist (LEC), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). We used the independent t-test and analysis of covariance to compare each component of PSQI between depressive patients with and without traumatic experiences. Results : The groups of patients who experienced a serious accident at work, home or during recreational activity, sexual assault, other unwanted or uncomfortable sexual experience, life-threatening illness or injury, and sudden, unexpected death of a near and dear one showed lower scores in a few components of PSQI. Sleep disturbance was a common problem in all five groups. Lower subjective sleep quality and longer sleep latency was observed in three groups. There were no differences in the other components of PSQI among groups. Conclusion : This study showed that various types of traumatic events may have different effects on subjective sleep quality as a consequence of the traumatic event which they had experienced.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.185-197
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• 2010

The reproduction of animals is a means to maintain their species. The golden hamsters are seasonal breeders, and their reproduction is regulated by the photoperiod. The shifts of the sexual functions imply the changes of the protein expression, and those are reflected by the proteome. Thus the present study was to examine via two dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2d PAGE), the physiological changes and the alterations of protein expressions in hypothalamus upon the reproductive situation related to the pineal gland. Among the pineal intact animals, the reproductive functions were sustained in animals housed in long photoperiod (LP) but regressed in animals housed in short photoperiod. And those pinealectomized animals showed high sexual activities regardless of photoperiod. Ultimately they were branched into dichotomy, sexually active and inactive animals. Apart from the changes of physiological parameters upon the reproductive conditions, there were obvious differences in proteins extracted from the hypothalamus. The hypothalamus of LP animals presented high levels of enzymes which are involved in the production of energy, glycolysis and Krebs cycle. The increased energy might be related to the GnRH synthesis in hypothalamus and indirectly to the constant cell divisions in spermatogenesis. Taken together, the impacts of the photoperiodic information controlling reproduction could be observed through 2d PAGE. Therefore, the present results suggest the potential of biomarkers collectively to diagnose the fertility and the infertility by way of proteomics in organs with regard to the reproductive system, further could be applied to diagnose various diseases.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.29-34
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• 1973

The study was made on the facial profile of the normal Korean adults using the roentgenographic cephalograms. The subjects ccnsisted of 50 males and 50 females with the normal occlusion. The measurements were made of the facial angles in skeletal pattern and depth, height and the length in the soft tissue profile. The mean and standard deviations from the subjects were calculated and compared with the samples of male and female. The authors have drawn the conclusions as follows: 1. Compared with the angulation in skeletal patterns, there were no differences between both sexes. 2. Individual variations of the lower face were larger than the upper face in most measuring points. 3. Generally, facial heights were lesser than facial depth in sexual differences. 4. Most dimensions of the facial depth, height and length of the male were larger than those of female.