• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.363-375
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• 2012

The gametogenic cycle, the number of spawning seasons per year and first sexual maturiity of the pen shell, Atrina (Servatrina) pectinata, were investigated by quantitative statistical analysis using an Image Analyzer System. Compared two previous results (the spawning periods in the reproductive cycles in 1998 and 2006) by qualitative histological analysis with the present results by quantitative statistical analysis, there are some differences in the spawning periods: the spawning period (June to September) by quantitative statistical analysis was one month longer than those of two previous reports (June to July or June to August) by qualitative histological analysis. However, the number of spawning seasons studied by the qualitative and quatitative analyses occurred once per year. In quantitative statistical analysis using an image analyzer system, the patterns of monthly changes in the percent (%) of the areas occupied by follicles to the ovary area in females (or that of the areas occupied by spermatogenic stages to the testis area in males) showed a maximum in May, and then sharply droped from June to September, 2006. From these data, it is apparent that the spawning season of A. (S.) pectinata occurred once a year from June to September, indicating a unimodal gametogenic cycle during the year. Shell heights of sexually mature pen shells (size at 50% of group sexual maturity, $GM_{50}$) that were fitted to an exponential equation were 15.81 cm in females and 15.72 cm in males (considered to be one year old).

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.141-147
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• 2006

The matured female and male of A. signifer differed in external morphology and body color. There were significant differences in PAD, PAB, PMP and PQR between matured female and male. Green color was very widely distributed in whole as nuptial color, that is similar to green and cyan color in the body part, yellow color in the ventral part and red and yellow color in the tail part. The nuptial organ of A. signifer was formed in a cluster on the horny substance of both sides above the mouth. There were 25~30 nuptial organs in a side. The nuptial organs disappeared with crumbling down from middle part of nuptial organ after spawning period. The nuptial organs disappeared mostly in September as non spawning period and a part of the nuptial organs remained as a vestige in the edges of both sides.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.410-418
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• 2006

Sexual maturity and growth characteristics of Octopus minor were investigated in 796 individuals from mud flats in Goorori, Muan-Goon, Korea. Gonadosomatic index (GSI) peaked between June and July in females and between November and January in males. The discrepancy in the index peaks between females and males might result from the earlier sexual maturation of males. The sex ratio was biased toward females (68%) in April and toward males (78%) in September, although the differences were not significant (p>0.05). In females, about 50% of individuals with a mantle length of 70.6 mm were sexually mature versus 100% of individuals with mantle lengths over 80 mm. In females, fecundity was also related to size, ranging from 44 eggs in individuals with a mantle length of 54 mm to 179 eggs in the female with a mantle length of 100.5 mm. The relationship between mantle length (ML) an body weight (BW) was BW=0.008 ML$^{2.2797}$ (n=389, r$^2$=0.83, p<0.01) in males and BW=0.029 ML$^{2.2797}$ (n=407, r$^2$=0.74, p<0.01) in females. Analysis of co-variation showed that the difference in the slopes of the two regression lines was significant (p<0.01). Analysis of mantle length-frequency for each month revealed 1 to 3 normal distribution modes. The growth parameters obtained by fitting the modal progression to the seasonalized von Bertalanffy growth function (VBGF) were ML$\infty$= 112.38 mm, K=1.9, C=0.90, and WP=0.1. The results indicate that the seasonal growth oscillation of the stock is very strong and winter is the season when growth is the slowest.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.291-306
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• 1997

The purposes of this study were 1) to identify the gender differences in the perception of sexuality in jeans fashion advertising 2) to identify the differences between fashion opinion leaders and followers in the preferences of advertisements and followers in the preferences of advertisements and intentions to buy the advertised jeans in highly and low sexual advertising. The data were collected via a questionnaire from 441 collesge students(female=225, male=216) living in Seoul. Korea, and analyzed by t-test. The results of this study were as follows: First there were significant differences between male and female in the perception of sexuality in jeans fashion advertising. Second to significant differences between fashion opinion leaders and followers in intentions to buy the advertised jeans of highly sexy advertisements were found in the data collected from male. But there were not significant differences between fashion opinion leaders and followers in preferences and intentions to buy the advertised jeans of highly sexy advertisements in female's data. Third there were significant differences between fashion opinion leaders and followers in the preference of low sexy advertisements in female's data. But there were not significant differences between fashion opinion leaders and followers in preferences and intentions to buy the advertised jeans of low sexy advertisements in male's data.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.21 no.1 s.33
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• pp.131-170
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• 1991

This study was designed to analyze morphological characteristics of Korean young adults, norms and standard deviation of variables, sexual differences, correlationship between each area of face and correlationship between hard tissue and soft tissue. The primary sample consisted of 45 males and 57 females who were early and middle twenties and had acceptable profile, no history of previous orthodontic treatment, absence of remarkably large overjet and overbite, full complement of permanent teeth, Class I skeletal and dental relationships and good vertical facial proportions. Their cephalograms were analyzed morphologically with a computer morphometrics. Then the final sample - 25 males and 38 females - were selected within 1 S.D. of E-line, ANB, P/A facial height ratio, Interincisal angle, L1 to A-Pog, ODI and APDI. The results of the study were as follows: 1 In the form and proportion of facial skeleton there were no significant differences between males and females, but in the size males were larger than females. 2. The dental protrusion patterns had no significant sexual difference and no significant correlationship between protrusion of upper lip and inclination of upper incisor. But mentolabial angle had positively correlated with interincisal angle and negatively with inclination of upper and lower incisor. 3. In the relationship between nose and soft-tissue profile, males were larger than females in nasal length, height and angular measurements. 4. In analysis of soft-tissue profile, males were larger than females in the length and thickness. In the angular measurements and proportion of soft-tissue profile, there were no significant differences between males and females.

• International Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.53-68
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to highlight the importance of 'marital preparation skill' by focusing on more substantial and tangible skills in marriage life, and to conduct an exploratory research to examine the current conditions and gender differences in marital preparation skills of college students. Data were gathered through a self-administered questionnaire in four universities located in Seoul and Gyeong-gi areas in the spring of 2013, and a total of 332 senior students chosen were used for data analysis. Based on the instrument used in Olson & Olson's(2000) PREPARE/ENRICH Program, the present study sought to suggest a measurement tool with the moniker of 'marital preparation skill' that included seven domains: conflict resolution skill, sexual relationship skill, household labor skill, financial management skill, leisure management skill, parenting preparation skill, and parental role skill. Each domain consisted of four items and thus, a total of 28 items were utilized for this study. Descriptive statistics were analyzed in order to examine the degree of marital preparation skills, and t-tests were conducted in order to assess the gender differences in marital preparation skills. The main results of this study are as follows: First, overall the degree of marital preparation skills of male students was higher than that of female students. Particularly, female students were lower than male students in the skills of financial management and conflict resolution. Second, regarding the basic household labor skill related to clothing and housing life, male students showed higher than female students, implying the impact of military life. Third, even though the degree of consciousness about appropriate preparation of parenthood and parental role seemed to be heightened, the actual degree of readiness of college students revealed to be insufficient. Male students had a much higher degree of confidence and sacrifice acceptance about parenthood, and understanding about their parents' child-rearing style than female students, while the mindset of child-rearing participation of male students was lower than that of female students. Findings of this study can be used as basic data for developing more effective and differentiated educational programs of marital preparation skills for men and women.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.43-63
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• 1981

This study aimed to determine the effects of adrenalectomy on the sexual gland, the thyroid gland and the serum components. A total of 192 Wister strain albino rats were evenly divided into 4 sexually equal groups for the comparisons. Each groups was divided into a control and a treatment group by sexuality. Each tissue of the sexual gland and the thyroid gland was microscopically examined, and at the same time body weight and serum components were also examined on the 1st, 7th, 14th, 28th, 42nd, 56th, 70th and 84th day respectively following adrenalectomy. The results obtained were as follows: 1. The body weight was sufficiently retarded in decreasingly after the adrenalectomy as compared to that of control. 2. The histological change of testis started atrophy of spermatogonia and degeneration of spermatocyte. There was a, pp.ared no cell division activity. Spermatozoa in the seminiferous tuble was not noticed but degeneration of interstitial cell was started and spermatozoa in the epididymal duct disa, pp.ared. 3. Degeneration of oocyte and follicular cell was noticed as the histological change of ovary. There was not a, pp.arance of primary follicle and corpus Iuteum but interstitial cell was proliferated. 4. For the effect of adrenalectomy on the histological change of the thyroid gland, the number of small follicle decreased and that of large follicle increased as the time passed following the adrenalectomy. And the follicular epithelial cell became squamous as typical condition of functional decreased. 5. It was shown that in the total contents of serum protein no difference with control occurred with in the 70th day for male and female adrenalectomized, respectively. But the differences in protein contents were significanly decreased on the 70th day. 6. No difference occurred in the total serum lipids on the 7th day, but they decreased significantly on the 42nd day, and (P<0.01) on the 56th, and 70th day. A tendency to decrease was noted as time elapsed following adrenalectomy. 7. Increase and decrease were intercrossed in the serum cholesterol contents between the control and th treatment groups on the 28th day. But the difference significantly decreased on the 42nd, 56th, and 70th day after adrelalectomized. The contents showed tendency to decrease as time elapsed following adrenalectomy. 8. The blood glucose contents rapidly decreased with time. The difference were significant on the 28th and 42nd day, and highly significant on the 56th and 70th day for male adrenalectomized. 9. In case of solium, there was no noticeable sexual distinction. There was slight in creasing or decreasing for the control group. But the treatment group tended continuously to decrease for male and female. 10. It was shown that potassium contents tended to increase on the 28th day for male and female, but the differences were small. 11. As for chlorine, it tended to decrease rapidly on 7th day for male and female adrenalectomized, and the tendency continued.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.331-347
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• 2016

Sexual dimorphism is the most conspicuous difference between the sexes. This study examines possible sexual dimorphism and the relative growth patterns of morphometric characteristics in the marine medaka, Oryzias dancena for their potential to help differentiate between males and females of this species. The von Bertalanffy growth parameters estimated by a non-linear regression method were $L_{\infty}=30.2mm$, K=3.22/year, and ${\tau}_0=-0.05$. All 18 characteristics measured showed a difference between males and females from 70 days after hatching. Each of these characteristics were significantly different between sexes (ANCOVA, P<0.05), and the ratio of standard length between sexes showed that males were larger than females for all five morphometric measurements. Fin length measurements were taken for 21 distances of anal fin and 7 distances of dorsal fin between landmarks. There were all differences for all dorsal fin rays between the males and the females and there is significant difference in 70 days after their hatch when the sexual dimorphism is presented. The significant difference (P<0.05) in fin ray for male and female was more greatly seen as they grow. Male marine medaka showed more rapid growth than females, with longer length, dorsal fins and anal fins. Differences in these characteristics will be useful during experiments when it is necessary to differentiate between sexes of marine medaka.

• Journal of Korean Philosophical Society
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• v.129
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• pp.53-82
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• 2014

This paper analyzes the concept of Lacanian subject and the structural definition of sexual difference between man and woman, and criticizes some problems of those definitions. It seems to me, to do so, that it is important to know precisely the core terms of psychoanalysis quoted by Lacan. We should analyze the basic meanings and the relation of the Imaginary, Symbolic and the Real, of ideal ego and ego ideal, of phallus and signifier, of desire and the other, of consciousness and unconsciousness, of alienation and separation, etc. I'm going to discuss the relation between the Imaginary and the ideal ego in chapter 2, and then, deal with the relation between the Symbolic and the ego ideal in chapter 3. I'll explain both similarity and difference between the ideal ego and ego ideal through those discussions. In chapter 4, I'm planning to explain the relation among the other, desire and the subject of unconsciousness. In chapter 5, I'll analyze the meaning of phallus and signifier. I'll criticize the Lacanian structural definition of sexual difference on the basis of the work made in former chapters. These discussions will lead to my final conclusion that the concept of Lacanian subject and the structural definition of sexual difference are only dependent on reductionism regarding everything as symbolic, which has in itself a lot of contradiction. In order that All discussions about sexual difference have at least a objective meaning, they have to rely on anatomical differences between man and woman.

• Korean Journal of Forensic Psychology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.211-239
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• 2020

This study examined characteristics and judges' judgments regarding sexual violence cases against individuals with intellectual disabilities by analyzing total 716 cases of court decision. Of 716 cases, 6.0% sentenced not guilty, 53.5% imprisonment, 36.7% suspended sentence. More than half of the victims had experienced sexual assault more than one time with the tendency of repeating being higher when the accused were relatives or acquaintances to the victims. In half of the total cases, the victims were not able to specify the time of incidents. Only in 20% of the cases, there was actual compulsion but in the remaining cases, there was no clear coercion used during the crimes. There are three issues regarding court's decision of sexual assault case against individuals with intellectually disabilities; (1) credibility of victims' statement, (2) inability of resist during the crimes, and (3) whether the accused were aware of the victims's disabilities. In the judgment of credibility of statement, consistency of statement was the criterion that was used most frequently, being followed by specificity of statement, motivation for false accusation, cognitive capacity of victim, and reports of statement validity analysis in the order. The most frequently used criterion of inability to resist was the victim's statement and attitude, followed by the statement and attitude of the accused, the victim's knowledge and understanding of sexuality in the order. Regarding to the awareness of disabilities on the part of the accused, the statement and attitude of the accused was most frequently used, the victims' communicative abilities, duration of relationship, and daily life competence in the order. There were no differences in the rulings and issues according to levels of disabilities and gender. When victims were under 13 credibility of statement became more argues but the awareness of disabilities less frequently than the cases of victims who were 13 or older.