• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.622-630
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• 2017

The induction of regeneration and the maturation of the free-living gametophytes of Undaria pinnatifida were studied at temperatures(5, 10, 15 and $20^{\circ}C$), irradiance (5, 10, 20 and $40{\mu}mol\;photons\;m^{-2}\;s^{-1}$) and photoperiods (14 : 10, 12 : 12 and 10 : 14 h L: D). Female gametophyte fragments were maintained in active regeneration without them reaching sexual maturity under conditions of $15^{\circ}C$, $20{\mu}mol\;photons\;m^{-2}\;s^{-1}$, 10 : 14 h (L : D); by contrast, the conditions for male gametophytes were slightly different at $15^{\circ}C$, $5{\mu}mol\;photons\;m^{-2}\;s^{-1}$, 14 : 10 h (L: D). The sexual maturation of female and male gametophytes took place under $5^{\circ}C$, $20-40{\mu}mol\;photons\;m^{-2}\;s^{-1}$, 10 : 14 h (L : D) and $15^{\circ}C$, $40{\mu}mol\;photons\;m^{-2}\;s^{-1}$, 10 : 14 h (L : D), respectively. These results provide basic information for controlling the regeneration and maturation of free-living gametophytes for srain improvement as well as the cross breeding of U. pinnatifida.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.576-583
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• 2018

Investigation of optimal temperature, irradiance and photoperiod conditions for free-living gametophytes of Saccharina sculpera for natural resources conservation and mass cultivation of endangered species in the eastern coast of Korea. Induction of regeneration and maturation of the free-living gametophytes of S. sculpera were cultured at temperatures (5, 10, 15, 20 and $25^{\circ}C$), irradiance (10, 20, 40, 60 and $80{\mu}mol\;photons\;m^{-2}\;s^{-1}$ and photoperiods (14:10, 12:12 and 10:14 h L:D). The female gametophyte were actively regenerated without reaching sexual maturity under $10^{\circ}C$, $20{\mu}mol\;photons\;m^{-2}\;s^{-1}$ and 12:12 h (L:D) conditions. In contrast, the conditions for male gametophytes were slightly different at $15^{\circ}C$, $10{\mu}mol\;photons\;m^{-2}\;s^{-1}$ and 12:12 h (L:D). The sexual maturation of female and male gametophytes took place under $15^{\circ}C$, $40{\mu}mol\;photons\;m^{-2}\;s^{-1}$, 14:10 h (L:D) and $10^{\circ}C$, $20{\mu}mol\;photons\;m^{-2}\;s^{-1}$, 10:14 h (L:D), respectively. These results provide basic information for controlling the regeneration and maturation of free-living gametophytes for conservation and utilization of S. sculpera.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.544-555
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• 2022

Objective: Spermatozoa are produced within the seminiferous tubules after sexual maturity. The expression levels of mRNAs and lncRNAs in testicular tissues are different at each stage of testicular development and are closely related to formation of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and spermatogenesis. Therefore, we set out to study the expression of lncRNAs and mRNAs during the different developmental stages of the goat testis. Methods: We constructed 12 RNA libraries using testicular tissues from goats aged 3, 6, and 12 months, and studied the functions of mRNAs and lncRNAs using the gene ontogeny (GO) and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) databases. Relationships between differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were analyzed by lncRNA-mRNA co-expression network and protein-protein interaction network (PPI). Finally, the protein expression levels of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2), insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2), and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 6 (IGFBP6) were detected by western blotting. Results: We found 23, 8, and 135 differentially expressed lncRNAs and 161, 12, and 665 differentially expressed mRNAs that were identified between 3 vs 6, 6 vs 12, and 3 vs 12 months, respectively. GO, KEGG, and PPI analyses showed that the differential genes were mainly related to the ECM. Moreover, MMP2 was a hub gene and co-expressed with the lncRNA TCONS-0002139 and TCONS-00093342. The results of quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction verification were consistent with those of RNA-seq sequencing. The expression trends of MMP2, IGF2, and IGFBP6 protein were the same as that of mRNA, which all decreased with age. IGF2 and MMP2 were significantly different in the 3 vs 6-month-old group (p<0.05). Conclusion: These results improve our understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in sexual maturation of the goat testis.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.682-694
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to identify individuals' perceptions of extramarital relationships between themselves and their spouses and to reveal relevant factors. The results of analyzing the data obtained by conducting a survey of married people (402 persons) are as follows: First, the perception of spouse's extramarital relationship turned out to be much more negative than the person's perception of his(her) own extramarital relationship, which led to the discovery of a double standard. Second, men are far more receptive to extramarital relationships than women. Third, factors affecting the perception of extramarital relationships are gender(-.161), age(.144), presence of employment(.107), physical attraction(.087), autonomy(.120), emotional alienation(.105), openness(.124), pervasiveness of extra-marital relationship(.303), and satisfaction with sexual life(-.131). Factors affecting the perception of spouses' extramarital relationships are found to be emotional maturity(-.127), prevalence of extramarital relationships around them(.113) and satisfaction with sex life(1.131). Based on the main findings, various types of practical intervention that can be used to deal with extramarital relations are discussed.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Poultry Science Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.13-15
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• 2004

Telomeres are the end of chromosomes and consist of a tandem repeat sequence of (TTAGGG)n and associated proteins. Telomeres are essential for chromosome stability and are related with cell senescence and apoptosis. This study was carried out to analyze the amount of telomeric DNA of chicken lymphocytes, which is to considered as bio-marker. The amount of telomeric DNA of lymphocytes in Korean Native Chicken and White Leghorn was analyzed by quantitative-fluorescence in situ hybridization (Q-FISH) technique using the chicken telomeric DNA probe. Telomere quantifies were compared among breeds, ages and sex, and the relationship between the amount of telomeres and their productive trait was also analyzed. Comparing the amount of telomeric DNA on lymphocytes during growing period, the amount of telomeres was gradually decreased as growing older. The telomere quantity was also significantly different in breeds and sex. Estimating correlation coefficient, the amount of telomeres was positively correlated to sexual maturity and body weight but negatively correlated to hen day egg production and egg weight. These results implicate the telomere quantity is considered as an individual bio-marker.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2012

Histochemical patterns of lectin binding during development of the rat vomeronasal organ (VNO) were studied to determine whether glycoconjugates are differently expressed after birth. Three types of lectins, Dolichos biflorus agglutinin (DBA), wheat germ agglutinin (WGA), and Ulex europaeus agglutinin I (UEA-I), were studied histochemically in the rat VNO at various stages post-birth: postnatal days 1 and 7, the preweaning period (4 weeks after birth), and at sexual maturity (8 weeks after birth). The free border of the vomeronasal sensory epithelium was positive for both WGA and UEA-I in rats of all ages; whereas, VNO receptor cells and supporting cells were positive only for both WGA and UEA-I from 4 weeks after birth. DBA reactivity was detected in the free border but less so in receptor cells and supporting cells. WGA and UEA-I, but not DBA, showed similar patterns in various ages. In the Jacobson's gland, WGA, UEA-I and DBA were detected in some acini from 4 weeks after birth but not at postnatal days 1 or 7. Collectively, reactivity for three lectins, WGA, UEA-I and DBA, increased in receptor cells and gland acini during postnatal development, possibly contributing to the enhanced chemoreception in rats.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.112-117
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• 2005

Sargassum fulvellum (Turner) C. Agardh, an edible brown alga is farmed commercially by sexual reproduction and vegetative regeneration. Investigations were made on the phenology, abundance and maturity of reproductive structures in mature fronds, egg release and young germling development under different light conditions (20, 50, 80 and $100{\mu}mol/m^2/s$) and temperatures (5, 10, 15, 20 and $25^{\circ}C$). Monthly sampling was carried out by SCUBA diving at Chungsando on the southwestern coast of Korea from September 2002 to August 2003. The Maximum length of thalli was $104.6{\pm}20.7{\cal}cm$ in March 2003 when the water temperature was $9.0^{\circ}C$ and minimum was $0.8{\pm}0.5{\cal}cm$ in June when the water temperature was $19.5^{\circ}C$. Receptacle formation was observed from February to April. The peak period of egg release for this alga was in April when the water temperature was about $10^{\circ}C$ in nature. In the culture regimes of temperature and irradiance, the egg release of the excised female receptacle was highly affected by temperature. The maximum rate of egg release was $96.7{\pm}5.8{\%}$ under $20^{\circ}C$ and $80{\mu}mol/m^2/s$. The maximum length of young germlings was $3.9{\pm}0.2{\cal}mm$ after 35 days culture under $15^{\circ}C$ and $80{\mu}mol/m^2/s$.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.217-226
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• 2012

Reproductive ecology of the sharp toothed eel, Muraenesox cinereus was investigated based on the samples captured in southern Korean waters from January 2010 to December 2011. Gonadosomatic index began to increase in April, and reached maximum between July to August. After spawning it began to decrease from October. Reproductive season was estimated to April-September, with peak in July. Fecundity was proportional to the size of the female, with the clutch size varying from 56,000 eggs in the smallest female (anal length, 27.0cm) to 1,400,000 eggs in the largest (anal length, 49.5cm). Size at 50% sexual maturity ($AL_{50}$), determined from mature females, were 21.9cm. Annual reproductive cycles of this species could be divided into four successive stages; immature stage (October-February), maturing stage (March-May), mature stage (June-August) and spent stage (August-October).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.243-250
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• 2009

Maturation and spawning of the jack mackerel, Trachurus japonicus was investigated based on the samples captured in the coastal waters around Jeju Island from January 2007 to December 2008. Gonadosomatic index began to increase in March, and reached a maximum between April to June. After spawning it began to decrease from August. Reproductive season was estimated to March-July, with peak in April. Fecundity was proportional to the size of the female, with the clutch size varying from 33,493 eggs in the smallest female(FL=27.0cm) to 627,061 eggs in the largest(FL=40.6cm). Size at 50% sexual maturity(FL50), determined from mature females, was 26.6cm FL. Annual reproductive cycles of this species could be divided into six successive stages; immature stage(September-December), nucleolus stage(January-February), yolk vesicle stage(February-March), vitellogenic stage(March-April), ripe stage(April-July) and spent stage(July-September).

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.410-415
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• 2009

The weekly liveweight gain, growing and stress parameters of quails bred using two different types of lighting for 6 weeks following hatching were examined in this study. The first type of lighting was 23 L:1 D, continuous lighting (CL), widely used in the commercial system and the second was a self-photoperiod (SP) system consisting of a continuously lit chamber and a dark chamber the quails could move to as they wished. On the first 15 days, no difference was found in liveweight gain between the two breeding systems. On the $6^{th}$ week when the trial was completed, the liveweight of the male quails upon which CL lighting was used was 159.03 g while the weight of males in the SP group was 174.43 g; these values in female quails of the CL group were 179.15 g and in the SP group were 200.68 g. The CL group had lower testis volume (TVOM, $cm^{3}$) and testis weight (TW, g) than the SP group, however there was no difference between the groups in testis weight/body weight rate (BWTW %). In female quails, the ovary weight (OW, g) and the ovary weight/body weight rate (BWOW, %) values were higher in the SP group. The CL light regime was concluded to cause stress in male quails (CL, Heterophil/Lymphocyte ratio (H/L): 0.27; SP, H/L: 0.17). In conclusion; the SP system allowing the quails to regulate their light periods increased liveweight gain and enabled sexual maturity to be gained at an earlier period than in quail on the CL system and improved their welfare.