• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.226-238
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• 2001

This study was attempted to understand experiences of the users of natural family planning(NFP) by applying Q-methodology. 37 statements were used to Q population through literature research and interviews. For the P sample. I interviewed personally 30 people who had taken a lesson in NFP for over 6 months and had been using and experiencing it autonomously for more than 2 years so far, and asked them to Q-classify the statement cards in order of the degree of approval, from the one they most approved to the one they least approved. Data were coded and input into a computer and were analyzed using QUANL PC Program. In this study, I discovered 4 types of experiences by the users of NFP and named them each according to their features: the first, a type of mutual control with morality, the second, a type of the pursuit of mutual -cooperation, the third. a type of the pursuit of conviction. and the fourth, a type of the perception of health management. The first type said that NFP was a good contraceptive way in which no drug or devices are used, that the husband's cooperation was needed, and that they became able to control sexual desire with morality. The second type perceived that continuous efforts were required to put NFP in practice, that the, husband's cooperation was essential, and that dialogues between husband and wife were also necessary to use it, and as such they regarded mutual cooperation between husband and wife as highly important. On the other hand. the third type perceived that one's conviction played a big part, that knowledge of physiological changes was useful and the ability to sense physical changes improved. and that one's willpower was important. and thus they regarded one's own willpower as most important. The fourth type reported that this method was a good way to control pregnancy and should be taught about at the beginning of sex education. and thus they were emphasizing the importance of NFP as a helpful way to manage one's health. 1. therefore, intend to provide the following suggestions based on the result of this study. 1) It is necessary to develop a program that allows NFP to be applied to sex education program. 2) It is necessary to analyze factors that affect the execution of NFP. 3) It is necessary to analyze causes of failure of those who fail to execute NFP.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.9
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• pp.103-110
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• 2019

This study examined whether there are differences in the empathic ability and emotional intelligence by college students' counseling course-taking experience and major. The research subjects were 313 college students, and an independent sample t-test, one-way ANOVA, and Duncan post-hoc test were conducted for hypothesis testing. A difference in empathic ability was observed according to the students' sex, major, and counseling course-taking experience. A difference in emotional intelligence according to their sex and counseling course-taking experience was noted. Empathic ability was higher in females than in males, higher in the school of social sciences than in the school of science and technology, and higher in those who had counseling education than in those who did not. Emotional intelligence was higher in women than in men, and higher in students who had counseling education than in those who did not. Consequently, the effectiveness of counseling education was confirmed. On the other hand, a limitation of theoretical education was found in that there was no difference in emotional intelligence according to the major. Although empathic ability can be improved by education, the current curriculum has not improved it. This study has significance that it emphasizes the need for supplementing the curriculum, like practice or utilizing art media.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.226-233
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to evaluate salt-related dietary attitudes, behaviors, and nutrition knowledge according to urinary salt signal of university students. Based on urinary salt signal, we classified subjects into an "adequate Na intake (ANI)" group (n=52) (salt ${\leq}6g$) and "excess Na intake (ENI)" group (n=66) (salt >6 g). Subjects were asked about general characteristics, lifestyle, salt-related dietary attitudes, behaviors, and nutritional knowledge using questionnaire. The ENI group had more subjects who were drinkers (P<0.05) compared to the ANI group. The ENI group (33.45) showed a significantly lower score in terms of salt-related dietary attitudes compared to the ANI group (35.50) (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the total score of salt-related dietary behavior between the groups. The score of nutrition knowledge was significantly higher in the ANI (9.77) group than in the ENI (8.82) group (P<0.05). The correlation analysis indicated that the urinary salt signal had a negative correlation with the salt-related dietary attitude score after adjustments for age, sex, and body mass index (r=-0.2100, P<0.05). These results support the validity of using the urinary salt signal to simplify estimation of sodium intake.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.1-17
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to investigate recognition of food additives, to provide the basic data for food education of high school students. The survey was conducted from 560 students who are boys and girls of high schools in Gwangju. Data were analyzed by a SAS program. According to the survey, an usual recognition for additive food according to related variable showed that it was the highest ratio of 4.18 that policy on complete labeling of foods should be requested for additive food but it showed the lowest 2.17 that additive food is promoting quality of food. In a difference of a degree of a correct answer of knowledge for additive food and knowledge according to related variable, a degree of a correct answer of knowledge for additive food showed a lot of interest in safety in that knowledge for safety showed 79.45 but were showed much lower 7.5% for a degree of a correct answer of actual knowledge of additive food among food ingredients labels. A a degree of a demand of information, safety concerns and understanding a uses of additive food according to sex and a grade showed that in a degree of a demand of information, the students have ever heard information of additive food was the girls were more than the boys and also freshmen were the most answered and have ever heard term of additive food was the boys were more than the girls and the sophomore students were the most answered questionnaire for media of TV. Radio. Newspaper and so forth. A degree of necessity the students know additive food was the most answered of positive from the boys and freshmen. Where the students would like to learn additive food was answered of media from the boys school teacher from the girls school teacher from the freshmen, media from the sophomore and the junior.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.178-186
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• 2009

The quality control is needed to ensure the accuracy of medical information and achieved by evaluating the performance of and maintaining the system and practicing various measurements and evaluations. The Korean Institute for Accreditation of Medical Image, therefore, have held educational program for quality control of special medical equipments. The major of programs participants, however, are radiology specialists with only small number of radiological technologists from some hospitals, furthermore, the follow-up education and the share of information between participants and non-participants are insufficient in general, thus, the knowledge level of radiological technologists, regardless of their participation, is relatively low. This study carried out the questionnaire research for the 500 radiological technologists registered in Korean Society of MRI Technology, on the basis of 2008, and performed analysis for five months from May to Oct., 2008. The questionnaires were delivered by post to each radiological technologists and the response rate was 36%(n=180). The results of this revealed that the 86.7% of respondents felt the necessity of inspection on quality management, while only the 27.8% completed the educational program for manager of special medical equipment. and only the half(53.9%) had the knowledge about inspection on quality management. The completion of educational program had no correlations with sex, age, size of occupying hospital, the number of radiological technologists in occupying site and MRI laboratory, career year of general radiologist and in MRI laboratory, and the presence of biomedical engineering department in occupying hospital. The 78.0% of participants at the educational program for quality management held by the Korean Institute for Accreditation of Medical Image had the knowledge about inspection on quality management(p<.05) whereas the 43.9% of the hospitals held such program and the 54.4% of radiological technologists from those hospitals had related knowledge, which indicated that such programs held by hospitals had not effects on the knowledge level of radiological technologists. This indicates also that the contents, methods, and other conditional factors of educational programs are important for the outcome of them.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.147-164
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• 2014

This study aimed to explore the effects of population education on university male female students' recognition of population education and low fertility and aged society. The subjects were 71 university students(male: 36, female: 35) participating in population education program. The data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, paired t test and two-way ANOVA with repeated measures. The main results of this study were as follows. Firstly, population education led to positive changes in university students' recognition of population education and of low fertility and aged society. Specifically, after taking the population education courses, students' levels of knowledge on population education contents and on foreign domestic policies related to low fertility and aged society increased. Secondly, there were students' sex differences in the effect of population education on recognition of population education and low fertility and aged society. For only female students, there were significantly positive changes in realization of the seriousness of low fertility and aged society, in recognition of importance of population education, work-family reconciliation and child-care centers to solve the issues of low fertility and aged societies, in knowledge levels of foreign domestic policies related to low fertility and aged society, and in awareness of family of small members(ex. single families). Finally, based on the results, the roles of Home Economics Education were suggested in population education.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.30-43
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• 1985

Liver cirrhosis is the common cause of death in Korea today. But, if liver cirrhosis Patients were treated in the early stage of the disease Process, they can have a chance to carry their daily lives with prescribed medical and nursing regimens. Each patient has different health beliefs that there is a different Sick Role Behavior in the process of treatment. In order to increase and control the desired patient's Sick Role Behavior, it is important for nurses to understand the health beliefs influencing Sick Role Behavior. The purpose of this study was to determine factors influencing Sick Role Behavior and provide objective and scientific data to health education, treatment and nursing care. The subjects for this study were 80 Liver Cirrhosis patients selected from in and out patients of the medical department of four University Hospitals in Seoul, Won Joo and Mok Po city. Data was collected from Sep. 18, to Oct. 15, 1984. The measurement tool was the questionaire that developed by the investigator from the literature review based on Health Belief Model. The data Collection was done by interview. Analysis of data was done by use Mean, S.D., ANOVA, Pearson Correlation Coefficient and Stepwise Multiple Regression. The result of study were as follows: 1. The significant influencing variables on the Liver Cirrhosis Patient's Sick Role Behavior in general characteristics were Sex, Marital Status, Educational levels, Family's income and Duration after diagnosis. 2. Between the Sick Role Behavior and Health Belief Model, a) The first hypothesis that the stronger degree of Health Motivation, the higher degree of Liver Cirrhosis Patient's Sick Hole Behavior was supported (r=0.7892, p=0.0000). b) The second hypothesis that the higher degree of perceived susceptibility, the higher degree of Liver Cirrhosis Patients' Sick Role Behavior was supported (r=0.6383, p=0.0000) c) The third hypothesis that the higher degree of perceived severity, the higher degree of Liver Cirrhosis Patients' Sick Role Behavior was supported (r=0.5869, p=0.0000). d) The fourth hypothesis that the higher degree of perceived benefit, the higher degree of Liver Cirrhosis patient's Sick Role Behavior was supported (r=0.7535, p=0.0000). e) The fifth hypothesis that the lower degree of perceived barrier, the higher degree of Liver Cirrhosis Patient's Sick Role Behavior was supported(r=-9.7709, p=0.0000) f) The sixth hypothesis that the higher degree of knowledge in Disease, the higher degree of Liver Cirrhosis patients'lck Role Behavior was supported (r=0.7538, p=0.0000), g) In the correlation among variables, it was found positive correlation except that perceived barrier was negatively correlated. In the Stepwise Multiple Regression and Independent Variables, the factor“Health Motivation”could account for Sick Role Behavior in 62.28% of the Sample (F=128. 786, p<0.01). When the factor“perceived barrier”is added to this, it account for 70.38% of Sick Role Behavior (F=93.479, p <0.01) and the factor“knowledge in disease”is also included, it account for 74.78% of Sick Role Behavior (F=75.131, p <0.01). Finally, when the factor“perceived susceptibility”is included, it account for 75.03% of Sick Role Behavior (F=56.329, p <0.01).

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.81-91
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• 1974

The purpose of this study was to investigate the level of obstetric knowledge of pregnant women and postpartum mothers, and to contribute the data to community health teaching program as well as maternity nursing. 385 pregnant women and postpartum mothers visited at or admitted to Seoul Adventist Hospital were sampled. The results of the study were as follows. 1. 97.9% of the subjects were between the age of 21 to 35, most of them (82.9%) were housewives with high school education and with a middle class family background. 2. The first symptoms of pregnancy were amenorrhea (70.4%), nausea & vomiting (23.9%), change of skin color (1.6%). 3. 77.9% of the subjects did not know how to deal with morning sickness. 4. 52.9% did not know when the sex determination of the fetus-occurs. 5. Concerning the fetus position; 77.1% of them believed it lies head down. head up (12.0%). and not knowing (10.9%). 6. 73.2% recognized the need for a well balanced food during pregnancy. 7. As to the dangerous symptoms during pregnancy: vaginal bleeding was considered the 1st, edema, the and, continuous abdominal pain, the 3rd. 82% of them would confer with physician in case of vaginal bleeding. As to the type of activities restricted by pregnancy: hard exercise was considered first, travel the second, and coitus during 1st and last trimester of pregnancy the 3rd. 8. 82.4% of them visited antenatal clinic at the second or third month of amenorrhea and 88.5% realized the regular physical examination imperative. 9. The purpose of urine test was recognized correctly by 44.7%, blood test: 89.4%, B. P. and weight check ; 69.9%. 10. The need of breast care during pregnancy was recognized by 76.9% of the subject. 11. 75.8% realized that prenatal exercise was needed. The higher the education the better the understanding of the need for it before delivery. 12. The concept of postpartum period was understood correctly by 54.4%. 13. The state of uterus after delivery was understood correctly by 49.1% only. 14, Regarding the management of colostrums: 48.3% knew it was to feed infants, and it was to squeeze and discard 43.4%. 15. Dealing with postpartum exercise; 67.8% answered it was needed, 9.1% not needed, not heard about 23, 1%.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.53 no.5
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• pp.532-546
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• 2020

Purpose: Although the number of cancer survivors is increasing because of early diagnosis and better treatment, they are worried about relapses and metastasis. This study examined the dietary safety management awareness, capacity, and behavior of cancer survivors. Methods: Data were collected from 233 cancer survivors in Daegu and Gyeongbuk areas using a self-administered 5-Likert questionnaire from March to May 2018. Frequency analysis, one-way analysis of variance, factor analysis, reliability analysis, and correlation analysis were analyzed using the SPSS. Results: The average score for each factor was as follows: importance of weight management (3.83), education requirement (3.79), unhealthy diet (reverse, 3.64), food safety anxiety (3.34), lack of awareness of over and malnutrition (reverse, 3.26), obsession (3.23), cooking capacity (3.16), health-function pursuit (3.04), balanced diet (2.93), and chronic disease anxiety (2.64). The average dietary safety competency factors were significantly lower among the male survivors, aged 60-80 years, lower economic condition, and less nutritional supplement intake. Female survivors comprised the highest proportion with high health management and cooking capacity, while men had the lowest of all the factors (p < 0.001). The group that was low in all three capacity factors had a significantly lower average score of difficulty in acquiring knowledge (reverse), lack of awareness of over- and malnutrition (reverse), importance of weight management, education requirement, knowledge, balanced diet, and health-functional pursuit compared to the other groups (p < 0.001). Conclusion: To effectively manage health, dietary safety management education should be differentiated and actively conducted according to sex, age, cancer diagnosis time, economic status, nutritional supplement intake, and the capacity cluster of cancer survivors.

• Korean Parent-Child Health Journal
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.206-223
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to discuss the nature of pregnancy experience among unwed Korean mothers and to figure out what it meant for them, by asking some of them to reflect on themselves in a written form from interpretative and phenomenological perspective, based on van Manen's research method of the same approach. The subjects in this study were seven unmarried mothers in Korea. The data were collected from July through December 2000 through in- depth interview and observation. The statements of the participants were taped, recorded, analyzed and select essential themes. To have a phenomenological understanding of the pregnancy unmarried mothers, literary works, including essays and novels, were reviewed. The findings of this study were as below: The selected substantial themes about the pregnancy and birth experiences of the single mothers included 'hatred for boy friend,' 'hatred for the fetus,' and 'hatred for myself.' The unmarried mothers met their boy friends through the introduction of friends. At first, they were good friends, but they soon went on a date and had sexual relation with no common knowledge about sex. Most of them were aware of their pregnancy after they felt fetal movement, but they put off taking the test because they didn't want to accept the fact and feared it. Such an attitude was rare among married pregnant women, and being pregnant with no prior preparation or sexual knowledge is not common in Western countries. They felt guilty and informed their boy friends of the fact, but the boy friends didn't admit their responsibility and rejected the babies. This made the poor girls hate them, and it turned into severe abhorrence. They thought their lives were ruined by the babies, and wished they would disappear. They reproached the babies, hitting their own bellies or making a kick. They considered themselves to be abandoned and didn't want to live any more. Giving themselves up to despair, some attempted to commit a suicide. They hoped to die, thinking their death would solve the problem. When they lost a chance of abortion and were about to have the babies adopted, they felt sorry for them. The unwanted pregnancy gave them a pain, but they keenly felt they were loved by their mothers, and learned the value of family. It's attempted in this study to clearly show how much unmarried Korean mothers suffered from pregnancy, and this effort paved the way for seeing unwed mothers in a new light and having a better understanding of them, instead of sticking to general perception.