• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
• /
• 제20권2호
• /
• pp.515-528
• /
• 1995

The human genomic deoxyribonucleic acid(DNA) was extracted from the pulp, dentin of 22 teeth by clelex, phenol methods. Samples of the tooth-derived DNA were amplified by polymerase chain reaction(PCR), electrophosed for sex determination by detection of X-Y homologus amelogenin gene and D1S80 locus detection The following results have been achieved. 1. Chelex and phenol method are effective to sex determination in the pulp and dentin 2. Chelex method is not suitable for detection of D1S80 locus. 3. Concentration and purity of DNA for teeth using chelex method is lower than using phenol method. From the above investigation, chelex method is simple, rapid for sex determination, but it is not suitable for detection of VNTRs.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
• /
• 제52권3호
• /
• pp.239-244
• /
• 2022

Purpose: Despite the proliferation of numerous morphometric and anthropometric methods for sex identification based on linear, angular, and regional measurements of various parts of the body, these methods are subject to error due to the observer's knowledge and expertise. This study aimed to explore the possibility of automated sex determination using convolutional neural networks(CNNs) based on lateral cephalometric radiographs. Materials and Methods: Lateral cephalometric radiographs of 1,476 Iranian subjects (794 women and 682 men) from 18 to 49 years of age were included. Lateral cephalometric radiographs were considered as a network input and output layer including 2 classes(male and female). Eighty percent of the data was used as a training set and the rest as a test set. Hyperparameter tuning of each network was done after preprocessing and data augmentation steps. The predictive performance of different architectures (DenseNet, ResNet, and VGG) was evaluated based on their accuracy in test sets. Results: The CNN based on the DenseNet121 architecture, with an overall accuracy of 90%, had the best predictive power in sex determination. The prediction accuracy of this model was almost equal for men and women. Furthermore, with all architectures, the use of transfer learning improved predictive performance. Conclusion: The results confirmed that a CNN could predict a person's sex with high accuracy. This prediction was independent of human bias because feature extraction was done automatically. However, for more accurate sex determination on a wider scale, further studies with larger sample sizes are desirable.

• 한국동물생명공학회지
• /
• 제34권2호
• /
• pp.111-116
• /
• 2019

This study was conducted to analyze the specific genes associated with sex-determination in Korean native cow. The highly organized spermatogenesis requires accurate spatial and temporal regulation of gene expression, which is governed by transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and epigenetic processes. Recently, farmers have been interested in determining the sexual identity of the calves in their farm. We analyzed the sperm of Korean native and Holstein cows, which were supplied from Hanwoo Improvement Center. We evaluated sperm motility and expression of sperm-specific genes after treating semen with both male- and female reagents. Sperm motility in Korean native cows decreased by approximately 10% in the first 30 minutes after treatment with sex-determination reagent. However, sperm motility of Holstein cows decreased to 60-70% after 15 minutes and to 20-30% after 30 minutes. We selected six specific genes expressing in the spermatozoa to analysis the gene expression level. The Real-time PCR results suggest that the selected genes (Gimap4, Tmeff1, Rac2, Abi2, Rac1, and Clu) were highly expressed in the group treated with the male reagent compared to the group treated the female reagent and to the untreated-group (control). In the present study, we suggest that the selected genes play a pivotal role in sex-determination.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제25권5호
• /
• pp.733-737
• /
• 2012

Determination of sex origin of cattle meat by fast and reliable molecular methods is an important measure to ensure correct allocation of export refunds particularly in European countries and also female cattle (cow) slaughter is legally banned in India because of religious beliefs. Based on the DEAD box protein gene located on the X and Y chromosomes, 2 pair of primers were designed and the system of PCR was optimized. Upon PCR amplification, male tissue showed 2 bands, while female tissue resulted in only one band. The accuracy and specificity of the primers was assessed using DNA template extracted from cattle meat of known sex. The protocol was subjected to a blind test and showed 100% concordance, proving its accuracy and reliability.

• 한국가축번식학회지
• /
• 제20권2호
• /
• pp.89-99
• /
• 1996

The purpose of this study was to develop the diagnosis techniques for sex determination of rabbit embryos at preimplantation stage. To detect male specific sequences using polymerase chain reaction, two genes functional on sex determination including SRY and ZFX/Y genes were targeted using multiple oligonucleotide primer sets. Three of them for conserved SRY gene were used for appropriate amplification pattern, and then only one primer set #3 proved to be most efficient, showing male-specific strong signal ofamplified sequences. Using this male specific bandsfrom human, cattle, pig and mouse, the gender of rabbit was determined. As an another system for sex determination system, amplified 910bp fragment from ZFX/Y was digested with several restriction endonuclease and showed gender specific restriction fragments only by Hinf I. Using two different system for sex identification of rabbit in this study, blind tests for 17 samples was conducted and showed identical results from two different methods. And then, amplification limit of PCR reaction for template DNA was estimated using various amounts of DNA for both SRY and ZFX/Y systems, resulted as 20pg and 800pg, respectively. With this results, test for gender identification of rabbit embryos were performed using SRY derived amplification system. From total 22 embryos selected for its developmental state 18 were identified as male embryos, showing significant difference from expected sex ratio 1:1. This biased sex ratio was interpreted as to have been caused by the fact, reported by the fact, reported by several researchers, that male embryos develop more rapidly and are more resistant against the in vitro manipulation than female embryos.

• 한국임상수의학회지
• /
• 제33권5호
• /
• pp.266-269
• /
• 2016

Cell-free fetal RNA is useful to determine fetal sex and detect other inherent genetic disorders. However, non-invasive fetal sex determination methods using fetal RNA from maternal plasma is not yet well established in studies pertaining to bovine animals. Thus, the aim of this study was to systematically evaluate the presence of the male-specific ZRSR2Y gene transcript in maternal plasma using Reverse Transcriptase-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) assays, and to verify its accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity in determining fetal sex between 30 and 100 days of gestation. Overall accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of the ZRSR2Y gene transcripts in determining fetal sex were 89.1%, 86.3%, and 100%, respectively. The 30 to 100 days of gestation were further classified into five stages of gestation, and each stage had relatively high accurate, sensitive, and specific results. Overall, these results indicate that the expression of the ZRSR2Y gene can be used for fetal sex determination in bovine animals using circulating cell-free RNA in maternal plasma during early pregnancy.

• 분석과학
• /
• 제12권1호
• /
• pp.80-83
• /
• 1999

사람에게서 유래된 DNA시료의 X,Y 특이의 alphoid gene을 PCR법으로 분석하면 성별을 확인할 수 가 있다. PCR법으로 alphoid gene을 분석한바 매우 예민도가 높아 genomic DNA 약 60pg까지 성별을 분석할 수 있었다. 그리고 성별이 혼합되어 있는 DNA에서 female DNA의 1/10비 까지는 male DNA를 분석할 수 있었다. 따라서 이 결과는 혼합된 DNA에서 X,Y 특이의 alphoid gene을 분석하는데 기준으로 활용할 수가 있다.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
• /
• 제20권2호
• /
• pp.497-513
• /
• 1995

Human genomic Deoxyribonucleic acid(DNA) was extracted from teeth by boiling, salting-out, phenol, boiling-phenol methods. The author compared DNA concentration and its purity, the accuracy of sex determination and the results of the D1S80 locus detection among above 4 methods. The following results were obtained : 1. DNA concentration was the highest in pulp with salting-out method and DNA purity was higher in pulp with salting-out and phenol methods than other 2 methods. 2. Sex determination was possible using of the pulp and the dentin of the teeth with four methods but, it was impossible in the enamel and some pulp with boiling method. 3. Amplification of D1S80 locus occurred from pulp and dentin with salting-out, phenol, and boiling-phenol methods. 4. There are no differences among the amplification of X-Y homologus amelogenin gene by application of 4 methods and salting-out, phenol methods efficiently makes available to amplification of D1S80 locus. From the investigation DNA extraction, sex determination, amplification of D1S80 locus was successfully accomplished with salting-out, phenol, boiling-phenol methods Therefore above 3 methods are available and applicable as forensic odontology for individual identification.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
• /
• 제20권1호
• /
• pp.229-246
• /
• 1995

The deoxyribonucleic acid(DNA) was isolated from the pulp, dentin and enamel of the 4 fresh teeth and the 7 teeth left in room temperature for 10 years. Then it was examed to find out the usefulness for forensic dental medicine. Samples of the tooth-derived DNA amplified by polymerase chain reaction(PCR), electrophosed for sex determination by detection of X-Y homologous amelogenin gene and D1S80 locus detection. The following results have been achieved. DNA extraction was possible in pulp and dentin of the fresh teeth, so it could be applicatable to detection of X-Y homologous amelogenin gene for sex determination, amplification of D1S80 locus by PCR. Sex determination was possible in pulp and dentin of the teeth left at room temperature for 10 years. Also, possible the detection fo AMP-FLPs to increase PCR cycling up to 40. DNA was isolated from all pulp of the fresh teeth and the teeth left in room temperature for 10 years, and also isolated from the dentin of the fresh teeth, partially isolated(3/7) from the dentin of the teeth left in room temperature for 10 years, but DNA was not isolated from enamel. From the above investigation, DNA extraction, sex determination, amplification of D1S80 locus were successfully accomplished even though the teeth were left for 10 years at room temperature. Therefore, teeth, especially pulp, are highly reliable and applicable as molecular biological samples for individual identification.

• 생명과학회지
• /
• 제16권5호
• /
• pp.828-833
• /
• 2006

옥수수 (Zea mays L.) 꽃은 암술 세포사멸과 수술 세포 성장정지 등을 통하여 양성상태에서 단성 상태로 성결정 과정을 완성한다. 본 논문에서는 옥수수 성 결정 동안 세포주기 유전자들의 시간적, 공간적 발현조절을 조사하였다. 세포주기의 양성조절 인자 즉 cyclin A, cyclin B, cyclin dependent kinase A (CDK A), Mad2 유전자들은 성장하는 암술과 수술에서 높게 발현되는 반면 죽어가는 암술과 성장이 정지되는 수술에서는 이들의 발현이 사라졌다. 이와 반대로, Wee1과 CDK inhibitor (CKI) 같은 세포주기 음성 조절유전자들은 야생형 암꽃과 tasselseed2 돌연변이 수꽃의 성장이 정지하고 있는 수술에서 발현이 증가되었지만, 흥미롭게도, 이들 유전자들은 죽어가는 암술세포에서는 발현되지 않았다. 이들 결과들을 통하여 옥수수 성 결정 과정 중에서 암술 세포사멸과 수술세포 성장정지는 세포주기조절과 밀접한 관계가 있으며, 특히 성장이 정지하는 수술과 죽어가는 암술에서의 음성 세포주기 조절 유전자들의 다른 발현양상은 이 둘의 성 결정 메커니즘이 구별 될 것이라고 사료된다.