• 상하수도학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.503-510
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• 2015

The objective of this study is to analyze the investment adequacy of the projects implemented according to the master plan on sewerage rehabilitation at Seoul. The planned and actually implemented ratio of invested money on sewage treatment plants (STPs) to sewers were compared in two temporal periods. Though the planned ratio of investment on STPs to sewers was 50:50 (in 2009-2020), the actual implemented ratio in 2009-2013 was 34:66. Until 2020, the greater investment ratio on STPs to sewers should be made considering the necessity of coping with stricter legal compliance on advanced treatment, stormwater treatment and so on. The priority of the planned and partially implemented projects among four STPs and at each STP was evaluated. Considering only the performance indicator of reduced load of BOD, T-N, T-P per the capacity of each STP facility, the performance among four STPs was shown as Jung-Rang>Tan-Cheon>Seo-Nam>Nan-Ji. The reverse order of the performance results in the past may be considered for future investment priority, but the efficiency of operation implemented at each STP, deteriorated status of each STP, investment in the past and so forth should also be considered. As for the priority of projects conducted within each STP, projects related to legal compliance (such as advanced tertiary treatment, stormwater treatment, etc.) have highest priority. Odor-related project and inhabitant-friendly facility related projects (such as building park on STPs, etc.) has lower priority than water quality related projects but interactivity with end-users of sewerage should also be important.

• 생태와환경
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• 제34권2호통권94호
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• pp.126-132
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• 2001

도시화 현상 및 인구증가에 따라 환경기초시설의 확충이 필요하며 기초시설의 방류수는 인접하천 수질에 영향을 미치기 때문에 처리장의 규모 및 위치는 하천의 수질을 고려하여 건설하여야 한다. 본 연구에서는 기초시설의 방류수에 따른 하천의 용존산소변화를 STELLA 모델을 사용하여 예측하였는데 최소 용존산소량은 4.98 ppm으로 처리장으로부터 42.6 km 하류에 위치한 지점이며 방류수 합류전 하천의 용존산소(7 ppm)를 유지하기 위해서는 약 8일이 소요되며 처리장으로부터 약340 km 하류지점에서 용존산소 7 ppm으로 증가하게 된다. 자정작용 중 식물성 플랑크톤의 연산기능의 중요도를 알기 위하여 식물플랑크톤의 기작을 배제하고 연산한 경우 최소 용존산소는 4.92 ppm이며 최소 용존산소농도까지 도달하기 위해서는 0.25일 더 걸리며 방류수 합류전 하천의 용존산소 7 ppm을 유지하기 위해서는 약 11일이 소요되는 것으로 확인되었다. 본 여구 결과는 자정작용 중 식물플랑크톤의 연산기능의 중요성을 입증한 것이며 새로운 기초시설의 입지는 인접한 기초시설에 따른 하천 수질을 고려하여 선정하여야 할 것이다.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.38-49
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• 2011

하수처리시설에서 발생하는 공기중 미생물은 작업자 및 주민에게 건강상 위해의 요인이 될 수 있다. 이들 시설에서 공기중 세균과 진균의 농도 수준을 파악하기 위해 울산시에 위치한 위생처리장 1곳(YC-STP)과 하수처리장 3곳(YY-, OS-, HY-STP)의 포기조와 포기조 근처 지점에서 계절별로 공기중 미생물을 포집하였다. YC-STP의 공기중 세균 농도는 포기조에서 $1.3({\pm}0.2){\times}10^3-2.6({\pm}1.1){\times}10^4$ MPN/$m^3$, 포기조 근처에서 $1.7 ({\pm}1.0){\times}10^2-7.2({\pm}2.2){\times}10^3$ MPN/$m^3$로 매우 높았으며, 대장균군도 검출되었다. YY-, OS-, HY-STP의 공기중 세균 농도는 포기조에서 $1.9({\pm}1.2){\times}10^1-1.8({\pm}1.2){\times}10^4$ MPN/$m^3$, 포기조 근처에서 $5.0({\pm}2.8){\times}10^0-6.6({\pm}2.0){\times}10^3$ MPN/$m^3$의 범위였다. YC-, OS-, YY-STP에서의 공기중 세균 농도는 대조군 지점에 비해 평균값 기준으로 포기조에서는 16-1,200배, 포기조 근처에서는 9-280배 정도 더 높은 수치였으며, 포기조 근처(10 m)보다 포기조(0 m)에서 1.7-4.4배 정도 더 높았다. 공기중 세균을 분리하여 동정한 결과 하수처리시설에서는 Pseudomonas luteola, 대조군 지점에서는 Micrococcus sp.가 우점하였다. 공기중 진균의 농도는 포기조 보다 포기조 근처에서 더 높았으며 포기조 외에 다른 주요 발생원이 존재함을 시사한다. Cladosporium, Alternaria, Penicillium의 3속이 주로 검출되었다.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.337-348
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• 2018

As the issue of microplastics (MPs) detection in tap water was raised in other countries in 2017, monitoring of MPs in drinking and source water, and sewage treatment plant (STP) effluents was initiated. This study intends to look into other studies on MPs in STPs at home and abroad, and review the characteristics of MPs and their removal efficiencies in the STPs, the risk and effect of MPs on watersheds, and management practices in order to help better understand MPs in STPs. To manage MPs effectively in STPs, it is necessary to investigate the detection of MPs discharged from STPs, do research on human health risk and control measures, and build a monitoring system including standardized analytical methods.

• 한국습지학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.147-151
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• 2019

최근 농촌지역은 급속도로 발전하고 있으나 기존의 기반시설은 발전하는 농촌실정에 비해 부족하고, 노후화 되어있다. 그 중 가장 대표적인 것이 하수관거 시스템이다. 본 연구에서는 경기도 A시의 농촌지역을 연구대상 지역으로 선정하여 하수관거 정비사업이 하수처리장 운영에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 분석항목은 유입하수량의 변화와 대표 오염물질 항목에 대한 하수농도, 유입하수 부하, C/N비 마지막으로 오염물질 처리효율을 비교 분석하였다. 분석결과 농촌지역 개발로 하수 발생량이 증가하였으며, 하수관거 개량 및 신설로 하수관거 내 불명수의 유입차단 및 관리가 향상되어 하수처리장내 고농도의 하수 유입으로 하수 부하량이 증가한 것으로 사료되며, 이는 C/N비 증가와 더불어 TN 및 TP 제거효율의 개선까지 영향을 미친 것으로 판단된다. 향 후 본 연구 결과는 농촌지역의 하수관거 정비사업이 하수처리장의 운영에 긍정적인 영향을 미친 대표적인 사례로 활용될 수 있다.

• 공업화학
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.532-537
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• 2022

The need for obtaining treated wastewater that meets high quality standards for discharge or reuse necessitates the use of highly efficient wastewater treatment techniques. In the present study, experiments have been carried out to reduce the concentration level of biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and total dissolved solids (TDS) from the wastewater sample. Treatment of sample of a real municipal wastewater collected from a sewage treatment plant (STP) was carried out in an electrochemical membrane bioreactor (EMBR). The EMBR was operated continuously for five days, and readings were taken at regular intervals. This paper has experimental results conducted in EMBR that indicate reduction of BOD, COD, and TDS levels of up to 32.25%, 29.25%, and 31.93%, respectively. Further, it was observed that a current of magnitude of 0.00752 mA was generated due to the metabolic activities of bacteria present in municipal wastewater, which gradually decreased day by day due to the decay of bacteria.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.186-194
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• 2009

Understanding the environmental fate of human and animal pharmaceuticals and their risk assessment are of great importance due to their growing environmental concerns. Although there are many potential pathways for them to reach the environment, effluents from sewage treatment plants (STPs) are recognized as major point sources. In this study, the removal efficiencies of the 43 selected priority pharmaceuticals in a conventional STP were evaluated using two simple models: an equilibrium partitioning model (EPM) and STPWIN$^{TM}$ program developed by US EPA. It was expected that many pharmaceuticals are not likely to be removed by conventional activated sludge processes because of their relatively low sorption potential to suspended sludge and low biodegradability. Only a few pharmaceuticals were predicted to be easily removed by sorption or biodegradation, and hence a conventional STP may not protect the environment from the release of unwanted pharmaceuticals. However, the prediction made in this study strongly relies on sorption coefficient to suspended sludge and biodegradation half-lives, which may vary significantly depending on models. Removal efficiencies predicted using the EPM were typically higher than those predicted by STPWIN for many hydrophilic pharmaceuticals due to the difference in prediction method for sorption coefficients. Comparison with experimental organic carbon-water partition coefficients ($K_{ocs}) revealed that log KOW-based estimation used in STPWIN is likely to underestimate sorption coefficients, thus resulting low removal efficiency by sorption. Predicted values by the EPM were consistent with limited experimental data although this model does not include biodegradation processes, implying that this simple model can be very useful with reliable Koc values. Because there are not many experimental data available for priority pharmaceuticals to evaluate the model performance, it should be important to obtain reliable experimental data including sorption coefficients and biodegradation rate constants for the prediction of the fate of the selected pharmaceuticals.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제36권9호
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• pp.648-658
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 진위천 수계내 5개 하천의 13개 지점에서 2013년 1월부터 12월 사이에 조사된 자료를 바탕으로 수질 및 부하량에 미치는 유역 내 오염원의 영향을 평가하였다. 수질과 부하량의 계절별 변화를 평가하기 위해서 크러스컬-월리스 기법(Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test)을 사용하였고 오염원과 유달부하량 사이의 관계를 분석하기 위해서 피어슨 상관분석 기법(Pearson correlation analysis)을 활용하였다. 부하량의 계절 변동성은 타 수질항목 대비 SS, TN, TOC가 유의수준 1% 이내로 높게 나타났다. 상관성분석에서는 수질항목별로 차이를 보였으나 거주인구와 하수처리장 방류량이 가장 높은 양의 상관계수를 보였으며 이러한 경향성은 하천유량이 적은 봄철과 겨울철에 더 높은 유의성을 나타냈다. 유역내 수질 향상을 위해서는 2012년부터 실시되고 있는 오염총량관리제도와 같은 유역관리제도의 유지 및 하수처리시설과 산업폐수처리시설로부터의 배출수의 적절한 관리가 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제23권7호
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• pp.1253-1268
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• 2014

This study was investigated twenty two hazardous chemicals compounds for effluents of nine sewage treatment plants (STPs) and one waste water treatment plant (WWTP) in the Nakdong Ri-ver Basin. They are eleven phthalates(DMP, DEP, DIBP, DBP, BEEP, DNPP, DHP, DCP, DEHP, DNOP, Dinonyl phthalate, seven aliphatic hydrocarbons(n-Tridecane, n-Tetradecane, n-Pentadecan-e, n-Hexadecane, n-Heptadecane, n-Octadecane, n-Nonadecane, Isoquinoline, 2-Chloropyridine, 2-N-itrophenol, and Benzophenone. The twenty two compounds were analyzed by gas chromatograp-hy mass spectrometry (GC/MS) with liquid-liquid extraction (LLE). Twenteen of twenty two subs-tances were detected. They were DMP, DEP, DIBP, DBP, DEHP, n-Tetradecane, n-Pentadecane, n-Heptadecane, n-Octadecane, n-Nonadecane, Isoquinoline and Benzophenone. Among these, DEHP, DEP and Benzophenone were most frequently observed. They were obtained as $ND{\sim}36.881{\mu}g/L$, $ND{\sim}0.950{\mu}g/L$, $ND{\sim}2.019{\mu}g/L$, respectively. When the substances were calculated the average concentration at 10 points, the maximum average detection concentration was investigated at the Dalseocheon STP.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.286-292
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• 2011

Preparing for the Standards for Effluents which will be strengthen from 2012, many ways like remodellings and repairs of sewage treatment plant (STP) are considered. The treatment of the recycle water from the sludge treatment process contains high-strength organic compounds and nitrogen is considered as alternative. In the treatment of high-strength nitrogen, nitritation has more economic advantages than nitrification. In this study, lab-scale reactor was operated at the $35^{\circ}C$, $20^{\circ}C$ and $10^{\circ}C$ conditions using effluent of anaerobic digester to investigate the nitrogen removal by nitritation. Long-term stable nitritation was achieved at the $35^{\circ}C$, $20^{\circ}C$ but $10^{\circ}C$. In the stable nitritation states, nitrite conversion was higher at the high temperature of $35^{\circ}C$ than the room temperature of $20^{\circ}C$. Also shorter solid retention time (SRT) was needed to induce high nitrite conversion at the high temperature of $35^{\circ}C$. It was showed that temperature and SRT are important factors to induce nitritation.