• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture Conference
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• 2007.10b
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• pp.66-71
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• 2007

The settlement era($1845{\sim}1943$) in Shanghai was divided as periods parting point by the establishment of habitats, the establishment of the International Settlement and its two times expansions, the establishment of the French Settlement and its three times expansions. Investigations on the formation process and its characteristics of two settlement parks during each period were carried out. The formation process of Shanghai settlement park was divided simply into the settlement park foundation time correspond to the settlement expansion time(the International Settlement was from 1845 to 1898, the French Settlement was from 1849 to 1913) and the settlement park development time after the settlement expansion(the International Settlement is from 1899 to 1943, the French Settlement is from 1914 to 1943) by the characteristics such as its forming time, quantity and distribution.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.35-43
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• 2017

This study purposes to examine direct effects of the physical environments and indirect effects of the satisfaction with life on the settlement consciousness of the aged, using the raw data of 2015 Busan Social Survey. The 5,324 cases were selected from the raw data of those more than 65 years old. The results were as following: (1) When age, spouse with/without, diseases with/without, length of residence, and number of communicating persons were controlled, the satisfaction with housing, the number of cultural facilities, and public transportation availability affected directly on the settlement consciousness of the aged, but the levels of the satisfaction with the number of parks were not directly correlated with it. (2) The satisfaction with housing and public transportation affected indirectly on the settlement consciousness through the satisfaction with life. That is, the satisfaction with life had mediating effects on the two variables. (3) The satisfaction with parks did not affect directly on the settlement consciousness, but it affected on the settlement consciousness through the satisfaction with life. That is, the satisfaction with life shows the complete mediating effects on the settlement consciousness. These results imply that the physical environments such as housing, cultural facilities, public transportation affect on the aged's settlement consciousness so that they should be age-friendly.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.493-505
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to examine the regional differences of 0-12 aged children's environment based on their parents' socioeconomic class and on the character of the settlement. One thousand and two hundred households were investigated and the results are as follows. It is revealed that families in low socio-economic class are more likely to be exposed to noise and home crowdedness. Families living in spontaneous settlement are deprived of natural light and the roads to their homes are steep and narrow. Low income families face a housing affordability crisis. Most of them pay housing rent on monthly basis. The basic infrastructure of low income neighborhood is lacking convenient facilities like shopping centers, public transportation systems, banks, public parks, and libraries. This lack of facilities is more severe in spontaneous settlement. Instead, bars and taverns are located in their neighborhood. Accessibility to parks and resource centers is an important factor that makes both middle and low income families consider their neighborhood to be positive and this condition is counted better in social housing area than in spontaneous settlement. On the contrary, social networks like friends and relatives are strong in spontaneous settlement and families in poverty value these relationships. Such networks are weak in social housing area and this difference is not related to their residential period. Low income families living in social housing area are more pessimistic about their future and this view might result from their counterpart middle class neighbors and the weak social networks.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.1-15
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to quantitatively analyze the corresponding residents' benefit to get in the future from the district unit plan of the settlement zone by Cheongju local government. The target districts were selected as Gumdeong-gol district, Juseong district, and Shinmok-gol district, and Hyeonam district which had recently set their district unit plans. Specific targets to be analyzed were some infrastructure including roads, parking lots, parks and others. Using the analysis methods of the Logit model and non-parametric test approach, this study estimated to the average amounts to be willingly paid(WTP) by the residents in targeting settlement zones and tested the reliability of the average amounts of WTP. The results of analysis were as follows. First, it was found that the WTPs for infrastructure under 1st influence area in target districts were estimated as 5,233won for road, 2,826won for parking lot, and 3,705won for park respectively. For the WTPs for infrastructure under 1nd area were estimated as 4,910 won for road, 2,242won for parking lot, and 3,620won for park respectively. Second, as the result of calculating the non-parametric WTP which built the 95% confidence interval, it was found that the all WTPs except the WTP for parking lot were fell into the 95% confidence interval. Third, as the result of calculating yearly total sum of benefits that the residents would get from the 1st influence area and the 2nd influence area, it was found that Gumdeong-gol district were expected to get 62,376,472won-amounted benefits, and Juseong district, and Shinmok-gol district, and Hyeonam district would get 35,0778,016won, 26,886,560won, and 22,252,032won respectively.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.2 no.1 s.3
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• pp.9-24
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• 1993

The objective of this study is to describe more positively and concretely the entity of traditional village through the quantitative and scientific analysis process using positive data. Dan-Gye, a traditional village in San-Cheong, has been populated since more than 500 years ago because of its ideal conditions for settlement. In this study, the fluctuations on the numbers of households in Dan-Gye were analyzed from the first settlement era to the present, and the transformations of housing sites and roads since 1913 were also analyzed. The results are as follows. 1) The village Dan-Gye has a history of more than 500 years, and the first inhabitants were the Ryus. As time went by, the Ryus' power became weak gradually, but the powers of the Kwons and the Parks who had flowed later into this village became prosperous to make up a prominent family village in the late period of Cho-Sun dynasty. Such powers had reached the peak in the early period of Japanese occupation, and although the powers became weak gradually after that time, those two families have overwhelmed other families in population and possession of large houses until now. But as the confucianism in every-day life fell off and the inhabitants moved to cities, the existence of a family community became meaningless. 2) The Kwons and the Parks have possessed the large parts of the village's housing sites. As time went by, the sites have been divided and fields have been changed to housing sites for the increasing families, and such division and change have been made chiefly on perimeter areas. 3) The characteristics of the road in Dan-Gye where traditional roads existed began to be destroyed by Japanese construction of new roads, and such destruction has continued due to the bank construction after a flood and the road constructions after 1970s.

• Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.1-10
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• 2013

Recently, the closed landfills are usually converted into parks or playground by the check the stability of landfill because they settle unevenly making them unsuitable for structures. When the closed landfill reuse, environmental and structural stability is important. To increase the bearing capacity and reduce the probable settlement of a foundation on waste disposal ground, a layer of geosynthetics(Geocell) is placed on the waste disposal ground. In this paper, the analysis of long-term settlement parameter correlation was performed, also the evaluation of bearing capacity reinforcement effect was conducted by field test. The settlement measured in the field, and input the same ground index when an integer to identify each model were compared by calculating the settlement. In addition, by adjusting the parameters of each model to identify the most similar to the value of field measurement parameters were calculated. Based on the analysis results, when the using the Park's model C(intermediate) = 0.0678, the expected settlement is similar to the field measurement results. Also, the bearing capacity of geocell reinforced ground is 1.193~1.554 times higher than that of unreinforced ground.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.49-61
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• 1998

Zoning areas within national parks in Korea are classified into Natural Preservation Zone(NPZ). Natural Environment Zone(NEZ), Settlement Zone(SZ) and Mass Facility Zone(MFZ) based on the Natural Park Act Large-scale development which might cause permanent destruction of natural resources are being done in NEZ which covers 90% of the total natural park area. Thus it is necessary to examine National Park Act which refers the authorized criteria and development activities of NEZ. However, the current environmental impact statement(EIS) does not cover the full impact of the development inside the national park area. Based on these concepts, the study examines the appropriate resources to distinguish the NPZ and NEZ in Mt. Teogyu National Park, then compare the distribution of resource characteristics between two area by using GIS. Through this study, the conclusions are as follows; (1) In terms of scenic resource analysis, the current NPZ does not meet the criteria on the National Park Act Rather, most of the resources which should be located within the NPZ are located within the NEZ. (2) In terms of elevation analysis, Mt. Teogyu National Park, most of NPZ are located on high altitude which is more than l,200m above the mean sea level. Therefore, it shows the elevation is the only criteria for distinguishing NPZ and NEZ. (3) In terms of Degree of Green Naturality(DGN), the second forest areas, the eighth grade of DGN in Mt. Teogyu National Park are distributed much more in the NEZ than NPZ. (4) After examining five factors - scenic resources, elevation, slope and DGN, vegetation- it was found out that zoning of Mt. Teogyu National Park is not adequatly designated. Zoning of national parks should be accomplished based on the precise inventory of the current resources.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.31-40
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• 2014

The importance of green spaces in the city is growing each day. Local governments are taking charge of park development works that are having difficulty in developing and managing urban parks due to high land value as well as a shortage in finances. This is even though an urban park is defined as an urban planning facility and the law provides park area per person. Civil residents, meanwhile, are using not only urban parks provided by law but also other green areas such as rivers, reservoirs, and school playgrounds because they recognize urban green areas by the concept of use. In this study, accordingly, urban green areas were sorted into two types, urban parks, parks provided by law, and other green areas, and the difference in use pattern and use satisfaction by type was analyzed. As a result of analysis, there was no remarkable difference between the two types. According to such results, it was found that it is necessary to include other green areas, such as rivers, reservoirs, school green areas, and apartment green areas in addition to the current park green areas provided by law when park area per person is calculated, and such calculation of urban green areas reflecting local characteristics can reduce local governments' financial burden and improve the effectiveness of future urban park policies. It is judged that such results can become a plan against the cancellation of unexecuted urban facilities. The fact that accessibility factors, such as road satisfaction, access convenience, and convenient movement, are affecting satisfaction with the use of urban parks suggests that it is important to improve urban park accessibilities rather than to quantitatively expand park area in order to improve satisfaction with urban parks. Considering that people travel to urban green areas mostly by walking, it is necessary for access convenience to conduct follow-up studies such as barrier-free and securing walking stability through analysis of routes to urban green areas.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.75-84
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• 2011

This study examines the characteristics and the degree of inhabitant's mental against to their residential environment which was developed within the boundary of Haedo Dong in Pohang City during the 1970s and the early of 1980s and currently designated as programed site for Urban Maintenance Project. Findings from the study are as follows; First, the numbers of household occupied by lessee were greater than the numbers of household occupied by homeowner. Second, most of the lessee was living in single family household. Third, although the degree of satisfaction for their residential environment was not so good in general perspectives the degree of satisfaction of the long term residents for their residential environment was slightly higher than the others. Fourth, the degree of satisfaction for their neighborhood was the most while the degree of satisfaction for public facilities such as parks was the least. Fifth, Urban maintenance project shall be proceeded to raise re-settlement ratio of residents, to enforce a business by steps, to lead positively participation of a resident and to enlarge role of administration.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.582-599
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• 2011

The aim of this research is to investigate the various activities of residents conducted at the regenerated Park as well as conflicts and participations of residents that appeared in the regenerative process of the Park in urban low-income group settlement where public spaces for the community are absolutely insufficient, focusing on the Jeonpo-Dolsan Park. Moreover, this research examines the influences of the newly regenerated Park on the daily lives of residents and the meanings and roles of the Park to the residents. The Park not only provided the functions of a general parks but also served the role as the space for the culture, participation, discussion and assembly. Also dirty and uncleaned landscapes was improved because of the regeneration of Park. It was confirmed that the Park contributed to elevating the life quality of residents in urban low-income group settlement by forming an open-minded village, constructing public space for the community and communicating with discontinued neighboring villages. The Park' regeneration was produced not by executing the unilateral redevelopment policy of the administration for the urban low-income group settlement but by inducing the participation of the village residents. Owing to this, the creative regeneration of the Park aroused a motive for place attachment and sense of belonging, expanded public morals and prepared the opportunity to change as a hopeful space in awareness.