• PNF and Movement
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.13-21
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• 2024

Purpose: This study investigated the effects of side walking training combined with squats on the balance and gait ability of stroke patients. The purpose of this study was to provide fundamental data regarding the use of side walking training combined with squats among stroke patients. Methods: Thirty patients with stroke were randomly divided into an experimental group (n=15) that underwent side walking training combined with squats and a control group (n=15) that performed general rehabilitation exercises. Both groups performed their respective exercises for 30 minutes, five times a week for six weeks. Balance was assessed using the functional reach test and timed up and go test, while gait ability was evaluated using the 10-meter walk test. A paired t-test was performed to compare within-group changes before and after the intervention. Differences between the experimental and control groups were analyzed using an independent t-test. For all tests, the level of statistical significance was set at α=0.05. Results: After the exercise, significant within-group improvements in balance and gait ability were observed in both the experimental and control groups (p<0.05). There was also a significant between-group difference in balance and gait ability following the intervention (p<0.05). Conclusion: While general rehabilitation is commonly employed in treating stroke patients and is relatively effective, the application of side walking training combined with squats may offer additional benefits in terms of improving balance and gait ability in these patients.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.226-234
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• 2024

The frequent handover problem and playing ping-pong effects in 5G (5th Generation) ultra-dense networking cannot be effectively resolved by the conventional handover decision methods, which rely on the handover thresholds and measurement reports. For instance, millimetre-wave LANs, broadband remote association techniques, and 5G/6G organizations are instances of group of people yet to come frameworks that request greater security, lower idleness, and dependable principles and correspondence limit. One of the critical parts of 5G and 6G innovation is believed to be successful blockage the board. With further developed help quality, it empowers administrator to run many systems administration recreations on a solitary association. To guarantee load adjusting, forestall network cut disappointment, and give substitute cuts in case of blockage or cut frustration, a modern pursuing choices framework to deal with showing up network information is require. Our goal is to balance the strain on BSs while optimizing the value of the information that is transferred from satellites to BSs. Nevertheless, due to their irregular flight characteristic, some satellites frequently cannot establish a connection with Base Stations (BSs), which further complicates the joint satellite-BS connection and channel allocation. SF redistribution techniques based on Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) have been devised, taking into account the randomness of the data received by the terminal. In order to predict the best capacity improvements in the wireless instruments of 5G and 6G IoT networks, a hybrid algorithm for deep learning is being used in this study. To control the level of congestion within a 5G/6G network, the suggested approach is put into effect to a training set. With 0.933 accuracy and 0.067 miss rate, the suggested method produced encouraging results.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.61-66
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• 2024

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of action observation training (AOT) on the balance and cognition of the elderly with dementia. Methods: Twenty-four participants were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups (12 participants each). The 5-week intervention involved 45 minutes sessions, three times a week. Both groups did 30 minutes of general physical exercises, followed by the experimental group watching a 5 minutes video featuring functional movements and imitating them for 10 minutes. The control group watched a scenic video and did functional training for 10 minutes, mimicking the experimental group. All participants were evaluated using the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test, Functional Reaching Test (FRT), Berg's Balance Scale (BBS), and Korean version of Mini-Mental State Examination (K-MMSE) before and after the intervention. A paired t-test was conducted to compare the within-group change before and after the intervention. Two-way repeated measures ANOVA was performed to compare the between-group difference. The statistical significance level was set to p=0.05 for all variables. Results: The experimental group showed significant within-group changes in the TUG test, FRT, BBS, and K-MMSE (p<0.05). The control group showed a significant change in FRT and K-MMSE (p<0.05). A significant difference was observed between the experimental group and the control group regarding the change in the TUG test, BBS, and K-MMSE after the interventions (p<0.05). Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that the AOT and repetition of actual movements, led to more significant improvements in balance and cognitive abilities compared to the control group that observed scenic landscapes.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.233-254
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• 2023

Purpose - This study aims to verify whether the effect of tax avoidance on corporate value is non-linear in the Korean financial markets. Design/methodology/approach - This study believes that the cause of the inconsistent empirical analysis results of previous studies that verified the relationship between tax avoidance and firm value may be an error in assuming linearity, and verifies whether a nonlinear relationship exists. The sample company in this study is a December settlement corporation listed on the Korean stock market, and the analysis period is from 2000 to 2021. In the empirical analysis model, Tobin's Q is used as a proxy for corporate value, tax avoidance is used as the main independent variable, and a regression model is designed with corporate size, growth rate, and debt ratio set as control variables. Findings - As a result of the empirical analysis, it can be confirmed that there is an inverted U-shaped nonlinear relationship between tax avoidance and corporate value. In the additional analysis using Ohlson (1995) firm valuation model for the robustness of the results of the empirical analysis, the same nonlinear value relationship between tax avoidance can be confirmed. Research implications or Originality - This study is considered to be meaningful in that it verifies the non-linear relationship of tax avoidance, which has not been attempted in previous studies. The meaning of the inverted U-shaped nonlinear relationship presented in this study is that corporate tax avoidance acts as a factor that increases corporate value up to a certain level, but rather becomes a factor that decreases corporate value when it exceeds a critical point. These results are expected to provide new perspectives and perspectives on tax avoidance to companies belonging to the Korean capital market.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.294-298
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• 2012

In sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) growing there are several severe problem which have to be overcome to produce highly graded fruits because of fruit rots and fruit crackings, if there is frequent precipitation during immature fruit step and picking season. In order to reduce fungicide sprayings and produce qualified fruits in areas with rainy season like as South Korea, rain-sheltered growing is necessary absolutely. Sweet cherry blooms early to medium April in southern area of South Korea. If we depend on honeybees (Apis mellifera) distributed in natural ecosystem, it is not easy to get normal fruit-set every season because of low temperature around blooming time. And also bee keepers seldom sell honeybee hives as a pollinator during spring, instead they keep honeybee hives to get honey. Recently use of B. terrestris as a pollinator of cherry tomato, oriental pumpkin etc. grown in protected cultivation system increase abundantly. Therefore, in this study we studied B. terrestris as an alternate of honeybee to pollinate sweet cherry grown in rain shelter. In part of foraging activity B. terrestris shows staying on a cherry flower for about six second and visiting frequency of 11 flowers per minute. However A. mellifera stayed about 15 second on a flower and visited 4~5 flowers per minute. There were no significant difference in fruit-setting rate and fruit characteristics after using B. terrestris and A. mellifera as pollinators of sweet cherry. Consequently there is no negative effect when we use B. terrestris as an alternate pollinator of A. mellifera in sweet cherry cultivation under rain shelter.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.30 no.1_2
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• pp.153-163
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• 2003

In this paper, we propose a new technique of image based rendering(IBR) for the pose transformation of a face by using only a frontal face image and its mesh without a three-dimensional model. To substitute the 3D geometric model, first, we make up a standard mesh set of a certain person for several face sides ; front. left, right, half-left and half-right sides. For the given person, we compose only the frontal mesh of the frontal face image to be transformed. The other mesh is automatically generated based on the standard mesh set. And then, the frontal face image is geometrically transformed to give different view by using Invertible Meshwarp Algorithm, which is improved to tolerate the overlap or inversion of neighbor vertexes in the mesh. The same warping algorithm is used to generate the opening or closing effect of both eyes and a mouth. To evaluate the transformation performance, we capture dynamic images from 10 persons rotating their heads horizontally. And we measure the location error of 14 main features between the corresponding original and transformed facial images. That is, the average difference is calculated between the distances from the center of both eyes to each feature point for the corresponding original and transformed images. As a result, the average error in feature location is about 7.0% of the distance from the center of both eyes to the center of a mouth.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.26 no.12C
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• pp.280-291
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• 2001

LL (Leased Line service) is a facility-based service as a traditional business data service, but new competition services, such as FR (Frame Relay), VPN (Virtual Private Network), and ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode), are value-added services. Because of different service classifications, it is hard to gather necessary data for the service providers to plan their market strategies and regulations and policies are also applied asymmetrically to each service provider. Therefore an appropriate market classification is required for the business data services. After various methods of market classification are reviewed, the Hendry model is selected in this paper to analyze substitution-degree among brands or among services. Since the structure of virtual competitions is required for the Hendry model to be applied to data service market, the market is analyzed first by the well-known Porter's model. By the analysis of Porter's model, two virtual competition structures are set up - one is for the competitions among leased line service providers, and the other is for the competitions among business data services such as LL, FR, VPN and ATM. After the Hendry model is applied to each competition structure, it is confirmed that 7 LL service providers do not compete directly, but 2 sub-markets exist for the LL service provisions. However, it is shown that 4 business data services compete directly. Using the Switching Probability Matrix from Hendry model, future market shares of LL service providers and market shares of business data services are forecasted. These empirical results are helpful for service providers to set competitive strategies with the minimization of cannibalization effect and they can easily and efficiently predict their market demands.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.22 no.7 s.78
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• pp.131-137
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• 2004

Conventional traffic signal optimization models assume that green intervals for pedestrian crossings are given as exogenous inputs such as minimum green intervals for straight-ahead movements. As the result, in reality, the green intervals of traffic movements may not distribute adequately by the volume/saturation-flow of them. In this paper, we proposed signal optimization models formulated in BMILP to integrate pedestrian crossings into traffic movements under under-saturated traffic flow. The model simultaneously optimizes traffic and pedestrian movements to minimize weighted queues of primary queues during red interval and secondary queues during queue clearance time. A set of linear objective function and constraints set up to ensure the conditions with respect to pedestrian and traffic maneuvers. Numerical examples are given by pedestrian green intervals and the number of pedestrian crossings located at an arm. Optimization results illustrated that pedestrian green intervals using proposed models are greater than those using TRANSYT-7F, but opposite in the ratios of pedestrian green intervals to the cycle lengths. The simulation results show that proposed models are superior to TRANSYT-7F in reducing delay, where the longer the pedestrian green interval the greater the effect.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.51-73
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• 2015

The Web now provides instant access to an unprecedented amount of information that was unthinkable even 20-30 years ago. However, the full potential of the contents available through the Internet can only be realized when one can speak and understand foreign languages, especially English which accounts for more than half of web contents. In this study, we try to investigate the effect of search task languages and task complexity on searching performance. A total of thirty students enrolled at a top private university in Korea were recruited as study subjects. We set up a quasi-experimental design in which thirty subjects are randomly assigned to a set of eight different search tasks containing an equal number of simple and complex tasks and an equal number of tasks in Korean and in English. The results show that there is a significant difference between simple and complex tasks in terms of SERP time, number of queries used, correctness of results and total search time. However, task language does not seem to have affected search performance for this study group. In addition, students with high English proficiency test scores show comparable search performance in English tasks compared with lower test scores. But we note differences in behavioral patterns (different search engines used and search tactics) among the study participants.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.1-23
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• 2002

This study examined the influence of the separation of prescribing and dispensing roles(SPD) policy implemented in Korea in July 2000, especially on the change in the net profit of medical institutions. Using the data set from the Korea's National Health Insurance and the previous research, this study elicited the following main results. First, tertiary care institutions was estimated to lose about 631 billion won after the SPD policy. Second, general hospitals and hospitals gained about 557 billion and 564 billion won, respectively. Third, it is shown that clinics also gained 389-659 billion won. Finally, however, the change in net profit of medical institutions after the SPD policy largely depends on different estimation models. Moreover, it also varies from the assumptions on the price differential of a reimbursable drug which worked as cross-subsidy to insufficient physician's fee before the SPD policy. Despite such limitations as lack of data outside of the National Health Insurance's coverage, this study differs from others. This is the first research to explore the effect of the SPD policy on different types of medical institutions and to attempt to purely focus on the SPD policy. In this study, we can draw the policy implication that preparing for a policy change, the government should set up the policy evaluation system to collect the concerned data and develop the methodologies in advance to the policy implementation.