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Quality Control Scheme of GIS-based Bus Network for Stabilization of BIS - Focusing on Real-Time Public Transportation Information (BIS 안정화를 위한 버스기반정보 GIS DB 품질 관리 방안 - 실시간 환승교통 종합정보 시스템을 사례로)

  • Ju, Yong-Jin;Ham, Chang-Hak
    • Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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    • v.20 no.1
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    • pp.33-41
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    • 2012
  • BIS is an arrival guidance system which is able to supply passengers with bus service condition via Kiosks at a bus stop, internet and mobile service through pinpointing bus location in real time. It is very significant to improve the quality of traffic information by quality control of GIS-based bus network so as to maintain navigational information and to implement reliable BIS. Therefore this study aims to build criteria to quantitatively evaluate data quality of the product in accordance with the process in bus network data and to suggest guideline of quality control. To achieve this, we have categorized geometric and logical errors occurring during constructing bus network database by giving a specific case study on TAGO and set up sectional guideline and procedures to examine database for systematic and coherent quality control management. Proceeding from what has been said above, the outcome of our research leads to quality guarantee for objective and reliable bus network database and is fully expected to bring benefit of providing a more accurate public transportation information and improving reliability of BIS through preventing a variety of errors in system operation in advance.

Omnichannel's Perception Effect on Omnichannel Use and Customer-Brand Relationship (옴니채널의 지각된 편리성과 유용성이 옴니채널 사용과 소비자-브랜드 관계에 미치는 영향)

  • Yim, Duk-Soon;Han, Sang-Seol
    • Journal of Distribution Science
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    • v.14 no.7
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    • pp.83-90
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    • 2016
  • Purpose - This study focuses on new type distribution channel that named as Omnichannel. Omnichannel is developed from Multichannel which is used in many distribution channels to buy or selling goods. Omnichannel basically needs an Information and Communications Technologies(ICT) to use, so researcher conduct a Technology Acceptance Model(TAM) to research model. Customer-brand relationship was used as dependent variable to focus on the role of Omnichannel. Research design, data, and methodology - The subject of this study is customer who purchase goods or service through omnichannel. Based on the literature from the preceding research analysis of TAM and customer-brand relationship, this study was constructed by the reference to previous studies, final research model design for figure out casual relationship among perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, omnichannel use and customer-brand relationship. From 2016 February 3 to March 17, questionnaire survey targeted customers who use online and offline channels. 273 questionnaire survey had conducted, then, 252 survey data were available for empirical analysis. Researcher provide descriptive statistics for checking generality. Cronbach's alpha value was used to check the reliability of data. Exploratory factor analysis was used for purification of values and eigenvalue checking. After EFA, Confirmatory factor analysis was used to prepare structural equation modeling with executing structural equation modeling for confirming hypothesis which developed by researcher. Results - The main results of this empirical study are as follows. First, omnichannel's perceived ease of use has positive significant effect on perceived usefulness(estimate: 0.579). Moreover, omnichannel's perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness has positive significant effect on omnichannel use(estimate: 0.325,0.648). Second, using omnichannel has positive significant effect on brand-customer relationship(estimate: 0.521). Every hypothesis adopted as researcher designed. This study found out the intermediate relationship between perceived ease of use and omnichannel use by investigating hypothesis. Conclusions - Base on the empirical result, this study confirmed that TAM theory perceived has relation with omnichannel. First, factors of TAM has positive effect on omnichannel use, so it highlights the important role of customer based interface and usefulness. Especially, perceived usefulness has high indirect influence on ease of use and use of omnichannel. It seems that when customers try to decide use or not use omnichannel, customers focus on percept benefits from omnichannel. Thus, a provider should applicate attractive price table, accurate product or service information and high switching cost strategy to emphasize the usefulness of omnichannel. Second, using omnichannel enhances the relationship between customers and brand, because there are more time and frequency to serve customers. It is important because good relationship between customers can increase the future's financial performance through word of mouse, positive brand image and loyalty to brand or company. Finally, despite of empirical result and implications, this study has limitations. First, there are only a few previous studies about omnicahnnel, so literature reviews are restricted. While set up the factors which can affect the use of omnichannel, next study should be considered with broader theories or models(ex: contingency theory). Second, omnichannel has developed from multichannel, so comparative analysis is needed between these methods because there is a possibility about different forte character of each distribution system on customer's consuming patterns.

Robust Design Method for Complex Stochastic Inventory Model

  • Hwang, In-Keuk;Park, Dong-Jin
    • Proceedings of the Korean Operations and Management Science Society Conference
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    • 1999.04a
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    • pp.426-426
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    • 1999
  • ;There are many sources of uncertainty in a typical production and inventory system. There is uncertainty as to how many items customers will demand during the next day, week, month, or year. There is uncertainty about delivery times of the product. Uncertainty exacts a toll from management in a variety of ways. A spurt in a demand or a delay in production may lead to stockouts, with the potential for lost revenue and customer dissatisfaction. Firms typically hold inventory to provide protection against uncertainty. A cushion of inventory on hand allows management to face unexpected demands or delays in delivery with a reduced chance of incurring a stockout. The proposed strategies are used for the design of a probabilistic inventory system. In the traditional approach to the design of an inventory system, the goal is to find the best setting of various inventory control policy parameters such as the re-order level, review period, order quantity, etc. which would minimize the total inventory cost. The goals of the analysis need to be defined, so that robustness becomes an important design criterion. Moreover, one has to conceptualize and identify appropriate noise variables. There are two main goals for the inventory policy design. One is to minimize the average inventory cost and the stockouts. The other is to the variability for the average inventory cost and the stockouts The total average inventory cost is the sum of three components: the ordering cost, the holding cost, and the shortage costs. The shortage costs include the cost of the lost sales, cost of loss of goodwill, cost of customer dissatisfaction, etc. The noise factors for this design problem are identified to be: the mean demand rate and the mean lead time. Both the demand and the lead time are assumed to be normal random variables. Thus robustness for this inventory system is interpreted as insensitivity of the average inventory cost and the stockout to uncontrollable fluctuations in the mean demand rate and mean lead time. To make this inventory system for robustness, the concept of utility theory will be used. Utility theory is an analytical method for making a decision concerning an action to take, given a set of multiple criteria upon which the decision is to be based. Utility theory is appropriate for design having different scale such as demand rate and lead time since utility theory represents different scale across decision making attributes with zero to one ranks, higher preference modeled with a higher rank. Using utility theory, three design strategies, such as distance strategy, response strategy, and priority-based strategy. for the robust inventory system will be developed.loped.

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Scientific Principles on the Revision and Addition of the Codex Nutrient Reference Values for Food Labelling Purposes (식품표시를 위한 코덱스 영양소기준치 개정에 필요한 과학적 근거)

  • Chang, Nam-Soo;Cho, Youn-Ok;Joung, Hyo-Jee;Chung, Hae-Rang;Kim, Hye-Young;Choi, Young-Sun;Lim, Hyeon-Sook;Yun, Jin-Sook;Kwon, O-Ran
    • Journal of Nutrition and Health
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    • v.42 no.2
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    • pp.183-188
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    • 2009
  • There has been a need to update the current Codex nutrient reference values (NRVs) which had been established following the Helsinki Consultation in 1988. The main purposes of NRVs are to help consumers compare the nutrient content of different food products and estimate the usefulness of a food product in terms of its percentage contribution to the overall healthful diets. The establishment of Codex NRVs for labelling purposes is intended to facilitate the goals of protecting consumers' health and ensuring fair practices in food trade. When revising the Codex NRVs several issues are needed to discussed, which are: 1) Consideration of population groups whether to have one set of NRVs for general population or to have several sets of NRVs for each population groups, 2) Determination of scope of nutrients such as what nutrients to include and what reference values to choose and 3) Development of principles for establishing NRVs such as the selection of suitable reference values among many including recommended intake/recommended dietary allowances, estimated average requirement and upper levels to extract NRVs. This paper will discuss the above issues and the inputs and efforts that the Korean Nutrition Society had put into to carry out the project, "International Collaboration on the Revision and Addition of the Codex Nutrient Reference Values for Food Labelling Purposes," and to ascertain relevant scientific principles and evidences that are utilized for establishment and revision of the Codex NRVs.

THE EFFECT OF SEVERAL ROOT-END FILLING MATERIALS ON MG63 OSTEOBLAST-LIKE CELLS (수종의 치근단역충전 재료가 MG63 osteoblast-like cells에 미치는 영향)

  • Lee, Jeong-Ho;Shon, Won-Jun;Lee, Woo-Cheol;Baek, Seung-Ho
    • Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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    • v.35 no.3
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    • pp.222-228
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    • 2010
  • The purpose of this study was to compare mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA; Dentsply, Tulsa Dental, Tulsa, OK, USA), which is widely used as root-end filling material, with DiaRoot BioAggregate (DB; Innovative BioCaramix Inc, Vancouver, BC, Canada), newly developed product, by using MG63 osteoblast-like cells. MTA, DB, and Intermediate Restorative Material (IRM; Dentsply Caulk, Milford, DE, USA) were used for root-end filling material while tissue culture plastic was used for control group. Each material was mixed and, the mixtures were left to set for 24 hours. MG63 cells were seeded to each group and then they were cultured for attachment for 4 hours. Following the attachment of cells to the root-end filling material, early cellular response was observed. After another 12 hours'culture, the level of attachment between cells and material was observed and in order to identify the effect of each material to bone formation, transforming growth factor beta1 ($TGF{\beta}1$) and osteocalin (OC) were estimated by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the amount of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was also measured. The data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA. As a result, only at OC and the number of cells which were attached to materials, there was no statistical difference between MTA and DB. At other items, there was statistically significant difference in all groups. Although DB has not shown exactly the same cellular response like that of MTA, the number of attached cells shows that biocompatibility of the material and OC indicates bone formation rate. Therefore, if DB is used for root end filling material, it is expected to lead to similar results to MTA.

A Study on Cooling Condition for Quality Improvement of Rotary Molding Machine (회전성형기의 품질 향상을 위한 냉각 조건에 관한 연구)

  • Kang, Jeong-Seok;Kim, In;Lee, Myungjae;Yoon, Jai-young
    • Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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    • v.20 no.12
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    • pp.367-371
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    • 2019
  • The molding for hollow products used widely in industry is rotational molding by heating and cooling. Uniform cooling is required to improve the quality of the product, and rapid cooling is required to improve the productivity. In this paper, the cooling condition is largely classified into the case of no forced cooling by the fan and forced cooling by the fan. In addition, when forced cooling by the fan is not performed, the condition for stopping the molding machine horizontally and the condition for stopping the molding machine vertically were classified. To confirm the forced cooling by the fan, the conditions were set such that only the molding machine rotates while the fan is not running and the upper and lower fans operate when only the lower fan is operated. The surface temperature of the rotary molding machine was analyzed by the STAR-CCM+ program for the case of air-cooling. The temperature distribution of the rotary molding machine was analyzed for five conditions and the temperature distribution for cooling was compared under each condition. Among the five cases, Case 4 was lowest at approximately 35 ℃ after 900sec.

Determination of fucoxanthin in cosmeceutical products by HPLC-PDA (HPLC-PDA를 이용한 기능성 화장품 중 푸코잔틴의 정량)

  • Choi, Jongkeun
    • Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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    • v.18 no.12
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    • pp.755-761
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    • 2017
  • This study was conducted to establish an analytical method using an HPLC system equipped with a photodiode array (PDA) detector for the quality control of raw materials and cosmeceuticals containing fucoxanthin as an active ingredient. The column was octadecyl-functionalized silica gel and the measurement wavelength of the PDA was set to 499 nm. To validate the analytical method, the linearity of the calibration curve, detection limit, reproducibility and recovery rate were investigated and good results were obtained. The correlation coefficient of the calibration curve was 1.000 and the linearity was good in the concentration range of 0.5 ~ 100 ppm. Moreover, the limit of detection (LOD) was 0.1 ppm and the limit of quantification (LOQ) was 0.5 ppm. The results of the peak reproducibility test used for evaluating the system suitability showed that the RSD (n = 5) of the peak area was 2.0% and that of the retention time was 0.09%. In the spiking test, the recovery rate was $101.6{\pm}0.77%$. The fucoxanthin contents of the two kinds of fucoxanthin-containing raw materials were $49.6{\pm}3.3%$ and $1.03{\pm}0.016%$, respectively. In addition, the fucoxanthin content in the test product, which was intended to be 150 ppm, was $156.7{\pm}4.7ppm$. From the above results, it was concluded that this method could be applied to the quantitative analysis of fucoxanthin in cosmeceuticals.

RRP Loading Patterns and Standard Dimensions for Block Pattern in Membership Wholesale Clubs (Membership Wholesale Club에서의 RRP 적재패턴 및 블록패턴 표준규격에 관한 연구)

  • Jung, Sung-Tae;Han, Kyu-Chul
    • Journal of Distribution Science
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    • v.13 no.7
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    • pp.41-51
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    • 2015
  • Purpose - This study analyzes loading efficiency by loading pattern for package standardization and reduction of logistics costs, along with the creation of revenue for the revenue review panel (RRP) of Membership Wholesale Clubs (MWC). The study aims to identify standard dimensions that can help improve the compatibility of the pallets related to display patterns preferred by the MWC and thereby explore ways to enhance logistics efficiency between manufacturers and retailers through standardization. Research design, data, and methodology - The study investigates and analyzes the current status based on actual case examples, i.e., manufacturer A and Korea's MWC (A company, B company, and C company), and thus devises improvement measures. To achieve this, the case of manufacturer A delivering to MWC was examined, and the actual pallet display patterns for each MWC were investigated by visiting each distribution site. In this study, TOPS (Total Optimization Packaging Software, USA) was used as the tool for pallet loading efficiency simulations the maximum allowable dimension was set to 0.0mm to prevent the pallet from falling outside the parameters, and the loading efficiency was analyzed with the pallet area. In other words, the study focused on dimensions (length x width x height) according to the research purpose and thereby deduced results. Results - The analysis of pallet loading patterns showed that the most preferred loading patterns for loading efficiency according to product specification, such as pinwheel, brick, and block patterns, were used in the case of the general distribution products, but the products were configured with block patterns in most cases when delivered to MWCs. The loading efficiency by loading pattern was analyzed with respect to 104 nationally listed standard dimensions. Meanwhile, No.51 (330 × 220mm) of KS T 1002 (1,100 × 1,100mm) was found to be the dimension that could bring about an improved loading efficiency, over 90.0% simultaneously in both the T-11 and T-12 pallet systems in a loading pattern configuration with the block pattern only, and the loading efficiency simulation results also confirmed this as the standard dimension that can be commonly applied to both the T-11 pallet (90.0%) and the T-12 pallet (90.7%) systems. Conclusions - The loading efficiency simulation results by loading pattern were analyzed: For the T-11 pallet system, 17 standard dimension sizes displayed the loading efficiency of 90.0% or more as block patterns, and the loading capacity was an average of 99.0%. For the T-12 pallet system, 35 standard dimension sizes displayed the loading efficiency of more than 90% as block patterns (the average loading efficiency of 98.6%). Accordingly, this study proposes that the standard dimensions of 17 sizes with the average loading efficiency of 99.0% should be applied in the use of the T-11 pallet system, and those of 35 sizes with the average loading efficiency of 98.6% should be reviewed and applied in the use of the T-12 pallet system.

The Survey and Analysis of Technology Level on Korea's Key Green Technologies and its Implications (우리나라의 중점녹색기술수준 조사.분석 및 시사점)

  • Hong, Mi-Young;Hwang, KiHa;Hong, Jung Suk;Lee, Kyong-Jae
    • Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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    • v.16 no.2
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    • pp.476-505
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    • 2013
  • Korea government has established and pursued green technology development strategy as the core of green growth, for example, withdrawal of 27 key green technologies through 'green technology research and development comprehensive plan ('09.1)' since 'low carbon green growth' was proposed as a new national development paradigm. In this study, we performed the Delphi survey of technology levels of 131 strategic product and service technologies derived from 27 key green technologies, utilizing large-scale group of green technology experts. The survey of technology level among main five nations resulted in the world's leading nation (US) versus EU (99.4%), Japan (95.3%), Korea (77.7%), China (67.1%) and Korea was ranked fourth. The technology gap between the world's leading nation (US) and Korea is 4.1 years behind EU (3.9 years) and Japan(3.1 years), but 2.1 years earlier than China. For our nation, key green technologies with high technology level are 'improved light water reactor (90.1%)', 'silicon-based solar cell (85.0%)', 'high-efficiency low-emission car (84.5%)' in order. Depending on the investment type of key green technologies, technology level is represented as short-term (85.0%), mid-term (77.3%) and long-term (71.1%) in order, indicating that lower technology level requires mid-to long-term investment and that the investment type is set appropriate.

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Emotional adjective profiles of various odor stimuli (감성형용사를 사용한 다양한 향의 프로파일)

  • Jung, Yun-Jin;Lee, Guk-Hee;Li, Hyung-Chul O.;Kim, Shin-Woo
    • Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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    • v.18 no.2
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    • pp.75-84
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    • 2015
  • Although various methods have been proposed and utilized for video reality improvement, use of olfaction still remains at a rudimentary stage. Previous research reported reality improvement effect of some scents when a video displayed specific objects whose odors matched to the scents provided. In addition, another study showed that provision of scents that correspond to the prevailing color of a video improves sense of immersion. However, the above studies have clear limitations because not all videos have specific odor or obvious color. Assuming, in this study, that sensibility-based scent provision in the absence of main odor or color will increase sense of reality, the present study aimed at building adjective profiles of various scents that convey different sensibilities. To this end, in Experiments 1 and 2, we collected a set of adjectives appropriate for description of scents, and in Experiment 3, we built profiles of 16 scents using 30 adjectives. In addition, we grouped scents of similar sensibilities using cluster analysis. These results could be used not only for video reality improvement but also for the purposes of emphasizing product concepts or store positioning, etc.