• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.251-266
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• 1990

Extrafloral nectaries have been shown in many studies to promote mutualistic interactions between plants and insects(usually ants) that visit the glands. The insects gain sugars, water and amino acids secreted by the extrafloral nectaries and benefit the plants by reducing the damage caused by plant's inseet herbivores. Little is known about the occurrence of extrafloral nectaries in plants growing in Asia. To learn about the occurrence of extrafloral nectary bearing plants in Korea, living plants and herbarium material were examined for the glands. In addition, the cover of plants with extrafloral nectaries and the proportion of woody plants with extrafloral nectaries were measured in three forest communities on Kangwha Island. 131 species of plants belonging to 53 genera and 30 families were found to have extrafloral nectaries. These 131 species comprise about 4.0% of Korea's flora, a highet percentage of extrafloral nectary bearing plants than occurs in the studied areas of North America. Extrafloral nectary bearing plants occupied 7, 23 and 55% of the covers and comprised 15, 21 and 15% of the woody plants in the three different forests, a significant level of occurrence. Many important Korean crop plants were found to have extrafloral nectaries including : sesame (Sesamum indicum L.), squash (Cucurbita moschata Duchesne), sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas Lam), persimmon (Diospyros kaki Thunb.) cotton (Gossypium indicum Lam.), mung bean (Phaseolus radiatus L.), red bean (Phaseolus angularis W.F.), peach (Prunus persica (L) Batsch.), plum (Prunus salicina Lindl.). Many of these cultivated and wild plants may receive protection by ants and other beneficial insects that visit their extrafloral nectaries.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제49권2호
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• pp.379-387
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• 2022

A large amount of the mineral nitrogen is necessary for crop growth. With the use of nitrogen fertilizers, agricultural yield has increased during the last few decades. However, at the same time, nitrate from the cultivated land can be a source of environmental pollution, especially in water systems. For nitrogen management, it is necessary to analyze the pattern of nitrogen movement in soil. In this study, nitrogen leaching in upland soils was evaluated using undisturbed lysimeters with different soil textures during sesame cultivation. The soil texture of the lysimeters was clay loam (Songjung series) and sandy loam (Sangju series) soils. Sesame was cultivated from May 25 to August 24 in 2020. The standard amount of NPK fertilizer (N-P₂O₅-K₂O = 2.9-3.1-3.2 kg·10 a^-1) was applied before sowing. The amount of nitrogen leaching was calculated by multiplying the nitrogen (NO₃-N + NH₄-N) concentration and the amount of water drained below 1.5 m soil depth. The water was drained through percolation into macropores in the clay loam lysimeter. In contrast, in the sandy loam lysimeter, water drained more slowly than in the clay loam lysimeter. There was a slight difference in the total amount of leachate during the cultivation period, but the amount of nitrogen leaching was high in sandy loam soil. During the sesame cultivation period, the amount of nitrogen leaching from clay soil was 5.64 kg·10 a^-1, and 10.70 kg·10 a^-1 for sandy soil. We found that there was a difference in leaching depending on the soil physical characteristics. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the characteristics of soil to evaluate the leaching of nitrogen.

• 식물병연구
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.50-59
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• 2024

Charcoal rot disease, caused by the fungus Macrophomina phaseolina, is one of the most important diseases of Sesame (Sesamum indicum) all over the world. However, the population biology of M. phaseolina is poorly understood. In this study, M. phaseolina isolates from five different regions of Iran (Khuzestan, Fars, Bushehr, Hormozgan, and Kohgiluyeh & Boyer-Ahmad provinces) (n=200) were analyzed for genetic variation using inter simple sequence repeats marker. In total, 152 unique haplotypes were identified among the 200 M. phaseolina isolates, and gene diversity (H=0.46-0.84) and genotypic diversity were high in each of the regions. The structure analysis clustered five Iranian populations into two distinct groups, the individuals from group 1 were assigned to the Bushehr population and the individuals from Khuzestan, Fars, Hormozgan and Kohgiluyeh & Boyer-Ahmad were aggregated and formed group 2. The results matched with genetic differentiation and gene flow among regions. Analyses of the distribution of gene diversity within and among five Iranian populations were 61% and 39%, respectively. Our results showed that infected seeds are thought to be the dominant mechanism responsible for the spreading of the pathogen in southern parts of Iran. In summary, it is essential to have local quarantine and prevent seed exchanges between geographical populations to restrict the dispersal of pathogen over long distances and provide certified seeds in Iran.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2018년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.25-25
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• 2018

• 약학회지
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• 제52권2호
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• pp.131-136
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• 2008

Sesamol, one of constituents isolated from sesame seed (Sesamum indicum L.) has been known to have natural antioxidant property. Nicotinic acid and clofibric acid have been used for treatment of hyperlipidemia. Sesamol derivatives prepared by conjugation with nicotinic acid (SJ-301) and clofibric acid (SJ-302) were expected to have various biological activity caused by synergistic effect of sesamol. Thus, this study were carried out to investigate the synthesis of sesamol derivatives from seasamol and antihyperlipidemia drugs and their biological activities. As a result, SJ-301 showed a stronger antihyperlipidemia activity in vivo and inhibitory effect on $TNF-{\alpha}$ release in vitro compared to the original agents such as sesamol, nicotinic acid and clofibric acid.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2018년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.216-216
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• 2018

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2019년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.168-168
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• 2019

• 한국균학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.220-225
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• 1988

참깨 윤작체계(輪作體系)의 효과(?果)를 구명(究明)하기 위해 참깨 연작(連作), 참깨 육도(陸稻) 및 참깨 땅콩의 윤작재배(輪作栽培)에서 참깨시들음병(病)의 나병주률(羅病株率)과 수량(收量) 그리고 F. oxysporum과 Actinomycetes 밀도(密度)의 경시적(經時的) 변화(變化) 및 재배토양(栽培土壤)에서 분리(分離)한 Fusarium spp에 대(對)한 병원성(病原性) 검정(檢定) 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1. F. oxysporum의 밀도(密度)는 참깨 연작재배토양(連作栽培土壤) 및 6월(月) 30일(日) 조사(調査)에서 가장 높게 검출(檢出)되었고 Actinomycetes는 참깨 연작재배토양(連作栽培土壤)에서 그 밀도(密度)가 가장 낮았으며 7월(月) 30일(日) 조사(調査)에서 가장 높게 검출(檢出)되었다. 한편 F. oxysporum과 Actinomycetes 밀도간(密度間)에는 상관(相關)은 없었다. 2. 재배토양(栽培土壤)에서 분리(分離)한 F. oxysporum 8균주중(菌株中) 1균주(菌株)만 제외하고 참깨 땅콩 및 녹두에 병원성(病原性)이 인정되었고 F. solani는 4균주중(菌株中) 참깨에서는 1균주(菌株), 땅콩에서는 2균주(菌株) 그리고 녹두에서는 모든 균주(菌株)가 병원성(病原性)을 나타내었다. 3. 참깨 연작년수(連作年數)가 많을수록 토양중(土壤中)의 F. oxysporum 밀도(密度)와 시들음병(病)의 나병주(羅病株)가 증가(增加)되어 수량(收量)도 현저히 감소(減少)되었다. 한편 토양중(土壤中)의 F. oxysporum 밀도(密度)와 나병주율간(羅病株率間)에는 정상관(正相關)이 있었고 수량지수간(收量指數間)에는 고도(高度)의 부상관(負相關)이 있었다. 4. 참깨-육도 및 참깨-땅콩의 윤작체계는 별차이가 없었다.용했고, 조명은 전기 혹은 밧데리를 사용했으며 상수도시설은 실내형(室內型)일 경우만 갖추고 있었고 이동형(移動型)은 급수 및 배수가 어려워 위생상태(衛生狀態)가 염려되었다. 위생상태(衛生狀態)는 부합리적(不合理的)인 플라스틱제품의 식기(食器)의 사용, 급수·배수의 어려움, 비위생적(非衛生的)인 세척방법, 재료(材料)의 비위생적(非衛生的) 보관방법, 먹다남은 음식의 재사용 등 포장마차(布張馬車)의 위생실태(衛生實態)는 개선(改善)되어야 할 점이 많이 나타났다. 포장마차(布張馬車)를 주로 찾는 고객(顧客)은 $20{\sim}40$대(代)의 남자(男子)로 직장인(職場人)과 대학생(大學生)이 많았으며 위치에 따라 이용하는 고객(顧客)의 부류가 조금씩 달랐으며 포장마차(布張馬車)를 찾는 동기(動機)는 부담없고 자유(自由)스러운 분위기 때문에 찾는 경우가 많았다., 무작위 표본추출 대조군 실험은 생물의학이 아닌 의료의 효과를 검증하는데 알맞지 않고 비윤리적이라고 강한 비판을 받았다. 한편 1995년에 WHO는 침의 유효성 평가를 위해 이 실험기법을 추천하며, 이어 2001년에, the International Council of Medical Acupuncture and Related Techniques(ICMART)는 침연구와 시술을 위한 헌장(Acupuncture Charter Berlin an Evidence Based Medicine (EBM)3 for acupuncture)을 채택 공표한다. 독일 보험 회사들도 침의 효과와 효율성을 검증하기 위해 대규모 실험을 시작했다. 100,000 명이 넘는 환자들이 무작위 표본추출 대조군 실험을 통해 평가되고 있는데 이 실험은 병원이나 일차의료기관의 외래에서 진행되고 있다. 영국에서는 이 분야의 유력한 Edzard Ernst가 위의

• 농업과학연구
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.547-559
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• 2016

The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of excessive soil-water on crop growth and to predict decrease of yields caused by excessive soil-water. The following five crops were selected for investigation: foxtail millet, proso millet, sorghum, adzuki bean, and sesame. These were planted in pots and a soil-water table was set to 10cm for 10 days. Crop susceptibility (CS) factors and stress-day indexes (SDI) were calculated for each crop to estimate effects of excessive soil-water. SDI models were calculated using CS and SDI data for each crop and predicted the yields of crops cultivated in paddy fields. All crops were cultivated in paddy fields with different soil water contents to evaluate the yield-SDI models. Results showed that yields decreased most when crops were affected by excessive soil-water at the early development stage. Decrease of yields was the greatest when the excessive soil-water treatment was applied at early growth stage. In the field experiment, crops from soils with the greatest soil-water content had the smallest yield, while ones from soils with the smallest soil water contents showed the greatest yields. Observed yields from the field and predicted yields from SDI models showed the least correlation for proso millet, foxtail millet, and adzuki bean and the greatest correlation for sesame. In conclusion, proso millet, foxtail millet, and adzuki bean were more susceptible to soil water than other crops, while sorghum and sesame were more suitable to cultivation in paddy fields.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제53권3호
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• pp.297-302
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• 2008

Application of genotype by environment ($G\;{\times}\;E$) interaction would be used for identifying optimum test condition of the varietal adaptation in the establishment of breeding purpose. Yield and yield components were used to perform additive main effect and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) analysis. Significant difference for $G\;{\times}\;E$ interaction were observed for all variable examined. For yield, 0.18 of total sum of squares corresponded to $G\;{\times}\;E$ interaction. Correlation analysis was carried out between genotypic scores of the first interaction principal component axis (IPCA 1) for agronomic characters. Significant correlations were observed between IPCA 1 for yield and capsule bearing stem length (CBSL), number of capsule per plant (NOC). The biplot of grain yield means for IPCA1 which accounted for 34% of the variation in total treatment sums of squares showed different reaction according to $G\;{\times}\;E$ interaction, genotypes and environments. Taegu showed relatively lower positive IPCA1 scores, and it also showed smaller coefficient variation of yield mean where it is recommendable as a optimal site for the sesame cultivar adaptation and evaluation trial. In case of variables, Yangbaek and M1 showed relatively lower IPCA1 scores, but the score direction showed opposite each other on the graph. Ansan, Miryang1, Miryang4, and Miryang6 seemed to be similar group in view of yield response against IPCA1 scores. These results will be helpful to select experimental site for sesame in Korea to minimize $G\;{\times}\;E$ interaction for the selection of promising genotype with higher stability.