• Knowledge Management Research
• /
• v.22 no.3
• /
• pp.217-233
• /
• 2021

Small business owners are currently greatly affected by the economic downturn caused by COVID-19. It is a study on the expected effect of education on management education of small business owners and the sustainability of the project on the premise that education can increase the self-sustainability of small business owners amid the rapidly changing global economy and consumer sentiment due to COVID-19. The following research results were derived by surveying those who completed management education of the Small Business Market Promotion Foundation. Management education was found to have a positive effect on education expectation effect, and education expectation effect was also found to have a positive effect on sustainability. In addition, management education had a positive effect on the sustainability of the project, and the expected effect of education was mediated between management education and sustainability. These results show that management education has a positive effect on survival and continuous performance in the business of small business owners, and steady efforts to acquire education can be said to be helpful in management activities. As a practical implication, first, since positive education expectations for management education can be seen as affecting the sustainability of the project, it should be possible to increase the expected effect by configuring interest and interest in education when forming management education programs. Second, management education directly affects the maintenance, survival, and sustainability of small business owners, and the knowledge acquired by participating in education helps improve management activities, so you can think of adding the amount and number of educational support. Third, since the sustainability of small business owners also affects the survival of the business, more active promotion of education will be needed so that more small business owners can receive management education.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.49 no.5
• /
• pp.79-96
• /
• 2021

Green infrastructure planning represents landscape planning measures to reduce particulate matter. This study aimed to derive factors that may be used in planning green infrastructure for particulate matter reduction using text mining techniques. A range of analyses were carried out by focusing on keywords such as 'particulate matter reduction plan' and 'green infrastructure planning elements'. The analyses included Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency (TF-IDF) analysis, centrality analysis, related word analysis, and topic modeling analysis. These analyses were carried out via text mining by collecting information on previous related research, policy reports, and laws. Initially, TF-IDF analysis results were used to classify major keywords relating to particulate matter and green infrastructure into three groups: (1) environmental issues (e.g., particulate matter, environment, carbon, and atmosphere), target spaces (e.g., urban, park, and local green space), and application methods (e.g., analysis, planning, evaluation, development, ecological aspect, policy management, technology, and resilience). Second, the centrality analysis results were found to be similar to those of TF-IDF; it was confirmed that the central connectors to the major keywords were 'Green New Deal' and 'Vacant land'. The results from the analysis of related words verified that planning green infrastructure for particulate matter reduction required planning forests and ventilation corridors. Additionally, moisture must be considered for microclimate control. It was also confirmed that utilizing vacant space, establishing mixed forests, introducing particulate matter reduction technology, and understanding the system may be important for the effective planning of green infrastructure. Topic analysis was used to classify the planning elements of green infrastructure based on ecological, technological, and social functions. The planning elements of ecological function were classified into morphological (e.g., urban forest, green space, wall greening) and functional aspects (e.g., climate control, carbon storage and absorption, provision of habitats, and biodiversity for wildlife). The planning elements of technical function were classified into various themes, including the disaster prevention functions of green infrastructure, buffer effects, stormwater management, water purification, and energy reduction. The planning elements of the social function were classified into themes such as community function, improving the health of users, and scenery improvement. These results suggest that green infrastructure planning for particulate matter reduction requires approaches related to key concepts, such as resilience and sustainability. In particular, there is a need to apply green infrastructure planning elements in order to reduce exposure to particulate matter.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
• /
• v.25 no.2
• /
• pp.57-75
• /
• 2019

In this paper, we conducted a study focusing on the innovation direction of the documentary model on the Internet of Things industry, which is the most actively industrialized among the core technologies of the 4th Industrial Revolution. Policy, economic, social, and technical issues were derived using PEST analysis for global trend analysis. It also presented future prospects for the Internet of Things industry of ICT-related global research institutes such as Gartner and International Data Corporation. Global research institutes predicted that competition in network technologies will be an issue for industrial Internet (IIoST) and IoT (Internet of Things) based on infrastructure and platforms. As a result of the PEST analysis, developed countries are pushing policies to respond to the fourth industrial revolution through cooperation of private (business/ research institutes) led by the government. It was also in the process of expanding related R&D budgets and establishing related policies in South Korea. On the economic side, the growth tax of the related industries (based on the aggregate value of the market) and the performance of the entity were reviewed. The growth of industries related to the fourth industrial revolution in advanced countries overseas was found to be faster than other industries, while in Korea, the growth of the "technical hardware and equipment" and "communication service" sectors was relatively low among industries related to the fourth industrial revolution. On the social side, it is expected to cause enormous ripple effects across society, largely due to changes in technology and industrial structure, changes in employment structure, changes in job volume, etc. On the technical side, changes were taking place in each industry, representing the health and medical sectors and manufacturing sectors, which were rapidly changing as they merged with the technology of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. In this paper, various management methodologies for innovation of existing business model were reviewed to cope with rapidly changing industrial environment due to the fourth industrial revolution. In addition, four criteria were established to select a management model to cope with the new business environment: 'Applicability', 'Agility', 'Diversity' and 'Connectivity'. The expert survey results in an AHP analysis showing that Business Model Canvas is best suited for business model innovation methodology. The results showed very high importance, 42.5 percent in terms of "Applicability", 48.1 percent in terms of "Agility", 47.6 percent in terms of "diversity" and 42.9 percent in terms of "connectivity." Thus, it was selected as a model that could be diversely applied according to the industrial ecology and paradigm shift. Business Model Canvas is a relatively recent management strategy that identifies the value of a business model through a nine-block approach as a methodology for business model innovation. It identifies the value of a business model through nine block approaches and covers the four key areas of business: customer, order, infrastructure, and business feasibility analysis. In the paper, the expansion and application direction of the nine blocks were presented from the perspective of the IoT company (ICT). In conclusion, the discussion of which Business Model Canvas models will be applied in the ICT convergence industry is described. Based on the nine blocks, if appropriate applications are carried out to suit the characteristics of the target company, various applications are possible, such as integration and removal of five blocks, seven blocks and so on, and segmentation of blocks that fit the characteristics. Future research needs to develop customized business innovation methodologies for Internet of Things companies, or those that are performing Internet-based services. In addition, in this study, the Business Model Canvas model was derived from expert opinion as a useful tool for innovation. For the expansion and demonstration of the research, a study on the usability of presenting detailed implementation strategies, such as various model application cases and application models for actual companies, is needed.

• Journal of Climate Change Research
• /
• v.5 no.2
• /
• pp.127-137
• /
• 2014

The main purpose of this study is to estimate tradial growth response and to predict the potential spatial distribution of major tree species(Pinus densiflora, Quercus mongolica, Quercus spp., Castanea crenata and Larix kaempferi) in South Korea, considering climate and topographic factors. To estimate radial growth response, $5^{th}$ National Forest Inventory data, Topographic Wetness Index (TWI) and climatic data such as temperature and precipitation were used. Also, to predict the potential spatial distribution of major tree species, RCP 8.5 Scenario was applied. By our analysis, it was found that the rising temperature would have negative impacts on radial growth of Pinus densiflora, Castanea crenata and Larix kaempferi, and positive impacts on that of Quercus mongolica, Quercus spp.. Incremental precipitation would have positive effects on radial growth of Pinus densiflora and Quercus mongolica. When radial growth response considered by RCP 8.5 scenario, it was found that the radial growth of Pinus densiflora, Castanea crenata and Larix kaempferi would be more vulnerable than that of Quercus mongolica and Quercus spp. to temperature. According to the climate change scenario, Quercus spp. including Quercus mongolica would be expected to have greater abundance than its present status in South Korea. The result of this study would be helpful for understanding the impact of climatic factors on tree growth and for predicting the distribution of major tree species by climate change in South Korea.

• (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
• /
• no.71
• /
• pp.147-180
• /
• 2018

Seokjeong JEONG-JIK LEE is a scholar who tried to render a form of service for his country by writing works of literature during the crisis of the Period of Modern Enlightenment. He mainly expressed his perception of reality through an evaluation of historical figures. He left behind a text on the Analects of Confucius, which is known as the '10 questions and answers regarding the Analects of Confucius', in his posthumous work. It seems that he wrote it to be used as lecture material for his students. The purpose of this thesis is to analyze his recognition to the Analects of Confucius and its learning direction expressed in the writing '10 questions and answers regarding the Analects of Confucius'. With respect to the word ren(仁), which is the most fundamental concept of the Analects, he viewed his life in an introspective way from the standpoint of a 'Hoinyupe(好仁有蔽)', which means that if you like kindness and fairness but don't like learning it, then there will be negative effects, and through the 'Gwangwajiin(觀過知仁)', which means that you will know for sure kindness and fairness when you observe wrongdoing, not the general viewpoint of 'Humaneness or Love'. He tried to determine the meaning of ren, and virtue(德) through a common denominator from an overall point of view. It might have been a reflection of his thoughts that a sound comprehension of powerful countries was needed. In terms of relationship between Gunja(君子) and Myeong(命), Gunja needs to make constant efforts to understand Myeong as a talented person who can maintain order. The direction of learning was examined under three categories: Jongipjibang (從入之方), Gunjajiryu(君子之類), and Sumunihae(隨文而解). Jongipjibang is defined as a way to complement the weaknesses of leaners according to their characteristics and it promotes a focus on pushing ethics into practice rather than acquiring knowledge as it is today. Gunja was classified into 3 stages. However, it merely provides standards to help learners' understandings, so not all students may fall into these stages. Sumunihae gives explanations of commentaries on the book. Seokjeong remarked that the meaning was not different even if the same concept was annotated differently in the "Four Books". This is because the context was emphasized according to the principle of 'Sosisojeol Pilchakpilseom (所始所切, 必着必贍)'.

• Iberoamérica
• /
• v.22 no.1
• /
• pp.73-109
• /
• 2020

In the tourism industry, emotional labor-related problems are highly likely because workers cannot avoid frequent face-to-face contacts with customers. Emotional labor, however, is not always recognized in the same pattern by every worker in similar situations. As can be see in this research, emotional labor appears to vary depending on individual characteristics and sociocultural and economic conditions. In fact, there are so many factors affecting emotional labor, and the level of influence concerning these factors can vary depending on when and where they are. Psychological and mental pains and stress from emotional labor depend on a number of factors. The expression of emotional labor, depending on age, length of employment and gender, shows a clear difference. In particular, for those who are planning to participate in international labor migration to the United States in the future, emotional labor was often not recognized as a serious problem or rather a positive social and cultural experience. In fact, there are various types of tourism workers in Oaxaca, and their experiences vary greatly depending on individual and economic and sociocultural environments. The emotional labor of the workers in the tourism sector of Oaxaca also has various forms depending on various conditions. Positive or negative perceptions and consequences of emotional labor vary depending on the circumstances of the individual and working conditions. In other words, socioeconomic conditions, individual personality or experiences, sociocultural characteristics, and autonomy in the workplace, have a significant impact. As a result, the forms and effects of emotional labor expressed and understood by tourism workers vary considerably and may vary depending on the situations. Considering these problems, the way emotional labor emerges is greatly influenced by sociocultural or personal factors as well as economic factors. In addition, rather than considering the existence and seriousness of emotional labor as given depending on the nature of a particular industry or work, it should also be recognized that the expression of emotional labor differ considerably from individual to individual. Also, the seriousness of problems caused by emotional labor can be diversified. In this sense, it is necessary to clearly understand the meanings of the dynamism, diversity and multidimensionality of emotional labor from a new perspective.

• Journal of the International Relations & Interdisciplinary Education
• /
• v.3 no.1
• /
• pp.1-28
• /
• 2023

This study was conducted to examine the quantitative trend of domestic studies in invention gifted education, identify the intrinsic meaning and connection attributes in these research analysis, and provide basic data to explore future development plans. To this end, 97 domestic academic papers were finally selected as "Invention Gifted Education" by the Korea Research and Information Service (RISS), technical statistical analysis was conducted with SPSS on publication year, author composition, researcher's affiliation and location area, and published journal. The trend, which had been on the rise since 2007, confirmed by academic papers on gifted education in invention, peaked at the time of the 3rd comprehensive plan for gifted education and has since declined again. As a result of technical statistical analysis of the author's characteristics, half of the papers were jointly published, followed by a number of independent authors. The papers published alone were identified as belonging to universities, research institutes, elementary schools, and middle schools, and the cooperative papers were many studies cooperated with young researchers and professional researchers, and only one collaborative study was conducted between young researchers. When looking at the regions and journals in which the Invention Gifted Education thesis was published, it was concentrated in some regions or journals, and the deviation was very large. As a result of language network analysis using academic paper keywords, creativity and programs were identified as meaningful keywords that showed top appearance, and the keyword pair with high co-appearance was invention gifted-creativity. The keyword of connection-centeredness at the top served as an intermediary for creativity, problem-solving, development, and company to expand to other research topics, and served as a research topic that could be expanded to various topics. In the case of mediation-centeredness, creativity, programs, and effects showed high mediation-centeredness, indicating that it is an important keyword that plays a role in mediating or mediating other keywords. Through these research results, national policy measures need to be prepared for the development of gifted education, and the need to create an invention ecological culture that can enhance teachers' expertise while increasing social responsibility for gifted education.

• Economic Analysis
• /
• v.27 no.3
• /
• pp.61-96
• /
• 2021

This study is to structurally examine the regional income disparity in Korea. It measures the regional income inducement by household consumption expenditure per unit income, and the regional interdependency of income using 2005 and 2015 Regional Input-Output Tables of 16 provincial regions of Korea. The results are as follows. Firstly, the income inducement by consumption expenditure per unit income decreased overall, mainly due to the decrease in the income inducement of other regions than due to that of their region. Secondly, in many regions, the inter-relational income dependency per unit income decreased also, this too, mainly due to the decrease in the income transfer to other region. And, the income inducement effects of consumption expenditure per unit income of Seoul and Gyeonggi, which occupy a large portion of the Korean economy, were lower than that of other regions, but took the largest portion of income inducements generated by other regions as well as by themselves and absorbed the income transfers from other regions the most. The higher income inducement and income absorption in Seoul and Gyeonggi by consumption expenditure of other regions were mainly because of the high share in service of their consumption structure, the progress in tertiarization of their industrial structure, and the high wage portion. These results also mean that viewed from the regional interdependency of income, the income of Seoul and that of Gyeonggi are highly dependent on the income of other regions. Especially, Gyeonggi which leads the overseas exports of high-tech based manufactured products, has other external factors that contribute to their high income inducement, whereas, Seoul which shows high income absorption using its inter-relations with other domestic regions based on the services, has an income-generating structure that is sensitive to other regions' economic situation. Amid overall declines in regional income inducements and in income transfers, and continuing concentrations into Seoul and Gyeonggi regions, to alleviate the regional disparity, the regional industry policies should, rather than benchmarking the policies of the two concentrated regions, enhance their own inter-regional relationships by strengthening the comparative advantage of their regionally specialized industry.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.51 no.2
• /
• pp.12-27
• /
• 2023

In this study, among the construction-type parks in Gangdong-gu, targeting parks with high environmental and ecological value located on the urban green axis, a plan was prepared for the ecological renewal of urban parks, and a design that applied to them was proposed. The renewal target site was selected by analyzing the general condition of Gangdong-gu and urban parks, the land use and green area ratio, park green area, and the green axis of Gangdong-gu. Gangdong-gu has 54 parks, including 2 neighborhood parks and 52 children's parks. In the first stage of the current status review, 17 parks were extracted through locational value analysis, such as location and adjacency to the natural axis and green axis. In the second stage, eight parks were selected among the first-stage extraction parks based on the ratio of green spaces and open spaces within each park service area. In the third stage, two of the second stage extraction parks were selected based on whether the legal standard of the park area was met, and in the fourth stage, one of the third stage extraction parks was selected through an aging survey of the park. As for the urban ecological status of the renewal target site, the status of land use in the aspect of entropy reduction, the status of soil cover in the aspect of water circulation, and the status of planting structure in the aspect of biodiversity were investigated. As for the status of the three renewal sites, the green area was insufficient at 18.3-45.3%, and the facility area was 54.7%-81.7%, which was judged to have low urban temperature reduction effects. The impervious pavement area accounted for 34.5% to 48.9% of the park area, accounting for most of the facility area, and it was judged that the water circulation function was insufficient. The planting structure consisted of a single layer and a double layer structure, and although the tree layer was good, the lower vegetation was poor, and there was no planting site of edible plants or large hardwood trees, so the biodiversity was low. After the ecological renewal design of Seonrin Children's Park, Dangmal Children's Park, and Saemmul Children's Park, which were selected as the renewal targets in this study, the ecological area ratio of each park increased by 1.4 to 3 times than before the renewal. If the urban parks located on the urban green axis are examined from the perspective of the urban ecosystem and renewed ecologically, it is judged that the expected effect will be high in reducing entropy, improving water circulation, and laying the foundation for biodiversity in terms of the urban ecosystem.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.68 no.2
• /
• pp.81-89
• /
• 2023

Lime-treated fertilizer (LTF) is manufactured using the lime stabilization method with food waste. LTF is effective in neutralizing acidic soil, improving nutrient and organic matter content in soil, and increasing crop productivity. However, excessive use of LTF in agricultural land can have undesirable effects, such as reduced crop growth and nutrient accumulation in soil. This study was evaluated the effect of different application ratios of LTF on the crop yield index (%), nutrient (N, P₂O₅, K₂O) uptake index (%), and soil chemical properties. The following treatments were applied: untreated (UT), NPK (NPK), NPK+calcium hydroxide (CH), and NPK+1-, 2-, 4-, and 8-times of LTF (LTF1, 2, 4, and 8). The yield index for LTF1 was the highest among different LTF treatments. Moreover the yield index for spring and winter cabbage in LTF1 treatment was 10% and 21% higher, respectively, than that in NPK treatment. The yield and nutrient indices were decreased with the increase in LTF application ratio. The soil pH and EC tended to increase with the increase in LTF ratio, and were the highest at 8.2 and 2.1, respectively, after cultivation for LTF8 (P<0.05). With the increase in soil pH, the soil inorganic nitrogen (NH₄-N, NH₃-N) and available phosphate (Av. P₂O₅) levels were decreased (P<0.05). Our results suggest that LTF1 (643 kg 10a^-1) is an appropriate ratio for improving soil chemical properties and increasing crop yield.