• 융합정보논문지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.270-277
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• 2022

전세계적으로 서비스산업의 진전이 본격화되는 가운데 글로벌 무역에서 서비스가 차지하는 위상과 비중 역시 점차 높아지고 있다. 안정적이고 공정한 국제무역은 견고한 국제통상규범 위에 실현 가능한바 GATS 출범 이후 정체기에 있던 서비스무역규범에 관한 다자간 논의가 최근 상당한 성과를 보이고 있다. 서비스무역규범의 주요 이슈는 결국 서비스 자유무역에 영향을 미치는 회원국들의 다양한 서비스무역장벽이다. 최근 타결된 WTO의 「서비스 국내규제에 관한 복수국간 협상」은 면허, 자격요건, 기술표준 등 서비스무역과 관련된 개별국 차원의 국내 조치가 무역장벽이 되지 않도록 통일된 규범을 마련했다는데 의의가 있다. 이에 본고는 서비스무역규범의 적용 대상인 서비스무역장벽의 형태와 실태를 검토하고, 이를 완화하기 위한 노력으로써 최근까지의 다자간 서비스무역규범 논의 동향의 고찰을 통해 앞으로 지속적인 논의가 나아가야 할 방향을 제시하고자 하였다.

• Perspectives in Nursing Science
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study is aimed to examine the Free Trade Agreement and its General Agreement on Trade in Services, especially, the healthcare service and the prospect of the system. Methods: This study was based on fourteen literature reviews from 2001 to 2014. Results: Free Trade Agreement and the General Agreement on Trade in Services were examined and Japan, China, and the United States's examples were shown. Healthcare market opening issues are the tendency of this era with the concept of globalization. Conclusion: This study highlights the tendency of healthcare market opening with all the pros and cons. The healthcare system along with the medical and nursing fields need to modify their system based on the globalization.

• 식품과학과 산업
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• 제51권3호
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• pp.196-208
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• 2018

This paper described the contents of the WTO (world trade organization) SPS (world trade organization) Agreement and trends in the WTO SPS provisions such as equivalence, localization, transparency, and risk assessment. The purpose of the WTO SPS agreement is to promote international trade by preventing arbitrary and unreasonable use of SPS measures, which are the rights of a country for the protection of human health and animal and plant health, and by abolishing the non-tariff barriers. To this end, the requirements for implementing the SPS measures taken by the importing country are restricted to those that can scientifically prove to be inevitable for SPS protection. The major provisions in WTO SPS agreement were elaborated to promote international trades. When trade-restricted SPS measures such as prohibition of imports are made, a scientific basis should be provided. Therefore, it is essential to provide scientific evidence based on risk analysis to protect people's health from potentially harmful imported foods.

• 무역학회지
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• 제47권6호
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• pp.39-53
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• 2022

This study conducted a conformity review of Korean shipping industry policy and suggested that the Korean five-year shipping reconstruction policy has not violated the WTO (World Trade Organization) trade law agreement yet. In order to investigate the latest Korean shipping policy, domestic and foreign reports were reviewed, and after that, the WTO's published data and domestic and foreign journals were analyzed. Through this process, this study tried to review the conformity of trade laws by major Korean shipping policies. The shipping industry is a representative service industry, and subsidies for this are not subject to WTO-level regulation in principle. The purpose of Korean shipping industry policy is to support the shipping industry, a type of service industry, and even if the ship-building and manufacturing industries (shipper) indirectly spread benefits in the process, this is unintentional or private-level support. That is, this study concluded that It is understood that Korea's five-year shipping reconstruction policy does not violate the WTO trade law agreement.

• 서비스연구
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.67-78
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• 2017

본 논문은 서비스 무역의 유형과 중요성에 대해 논하고 한국의 대응전략을 도출하고자 한다. 점차 중요성을 더해가던 서비스 무역은 서비스무역에 대한 일반협정(GATS)과 함께 그 형태가 구체화 되었다. 그러나 여전히 교역 자료의 이용 가능성이 낮은 편이다. 서비스는 제조업 생산의 부가가치를 높이고, 현재 정체된 상품교역을 넘어서는 교역 증대 효과를 이끌어 낼 수 있는 것으로 기대되고 있다. 그러한 효과는 OECD에서 구축한 서비스교역제한지수를 활용한 연구들에서 확인되기도 한다. 한국의 서비스 교역 비중은 상품에 비해 현저히 낮은 편이고, 일부 분야에서는 여전히 만성적인 적자 상태에 있기도 하다. 이러한 상황을 극복하고 서비스 산업을 발전시키기 위해 주요 산업을 중심으로 적극적 서비스 개방을 추구하는 것도 고려할 수 있을 것이다. 나아가 개도국과 선진국을 매개하는 Korea Standard를 제시하는 것도 가능한 방안으로 판단된다.

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.233-266
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• 2005

The world trading system has been under many changes in recent years. One notably important development is that much attention away from the multilateralism-oriented World Trade Organization towards FTA(Free Trade Agreement). The Free Trade Agreement signed between korea and chile formally have been come effective for free trade in goods and services as from April 1, 2004. During Free Trade Agreement negotiations between both countries. This study aims at presenting the suggestion for the Korea to make the WTO rules and FTA by analyzing The interpretation of FTA under WTO System. It was founded by the investigation of WTO rules, most of the provisions are similar with other FTA, but a little provisions different from other FTA's. It is an appearance from the contracting party's peculiar circumstances such as state of industrial development or future prospect, conditions around international trade. The whole world has entered the new stage of bilateral and multilateral FTA. The essential or new generation or bilateral and multilateral FTA is creating more trade opportunities, promoting all factors, commodity, service, capital, technology and talent freely flow through canceling the trade barriers between FTA, in order to develop together within the regions. It shows that the cooperations transfer form the whole region into FTA. FTA makes not only the free trade smooth ,but also takes place the trade distortion effect. especially as the agriculture has a speciality each country, should it is ignored in negotiation, many reactions will be occurred in the process of fta Therefore Korea needs to deliver the message that Korea's hub is an essential ingredient for an efficient FTA and WTO system in a bilateral and multilateral win-win framework. Consequently Korea should have criterions about the rules of FTA and WTO system for peculiar circumstances of Korean economy and international trade.

• 무역학회지
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• 제47권5호
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• pp.201-221
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• 2022

This study aims to analyze a harmonious approach between trade norms for the protection of human rights and the WTO agreements is increasingly necessary and important. conflicts and harmonization that may occur between major human rights protection trade norms and WTO agreements were comprehensively reviewed. The hard legalization of corporate social responsibility for sustainable development, such as human rights protection, was in conflict with the WTO Agreement, which was based on the principle of non-discrimination. As the currently expanding human rights protection trade norms reflect differences in the positions of developed and developing countries, it was also pointed out that there may be disputes over WTO compatibility and distorted protectionism measures. Accordingly, the applicability of the general exceptions to Article 20 of the GATT were reviewed together, and Article 20(a) of GATT, "necessary to protect public morals" may differ between developed and developing countries, and thus limitations were also considered. At the same time, When it is necessary to take regulatory measures such as prohibition of imports from a specific country for human rights protection, it was reviewed and proposed domestic trade norms revision.

• 정보학연구
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.163-175
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• 2003

2000년 6월부터 발전되어 온 서류결제과정을 완전히 자동화하는 새로운 부가가치서비스인 볼레로 시스템상의 SURF에 대하여 그 의의와 기능, 특징 등을 살펴보고, SURF의 운용프로세스, SURF에 의한 지급방법과 유용성에 관하여 분석한 다음, 그 한계성을 고찰하고자 하는 것이다.

• 문화경제연구
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.63-80
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 중국 시청각서비스분야의 무역장벽의 현황을 파악하고, 향후 FTA와 같은 제도적 채널을 통해서 중국측에 제기할 수 있는 통상장벽 해소를 위한 의제를 도출하였다. 먼저 중국의 시청각서비스분야의 무역장벽은 중국의 양허표와 국내 규제를 분석하여 도출하였으며 이를 토대로 설문조사를 통해 협상 의제의 중요도와 의제의 협상 타결가능성을 평가하였다. 분석 결과, 먼저 한국의 국민경제적 상황과 중국의 무역장벽 환경을 고려할 때, 중요한 의제는 온라인 게임서비스의 직접 서비스 제공과 방송/영화산업의 공동제작협정 체결이었다. 둘째, 실현 가능성 측면에서는 공동제작협정이 가장 높았으며, 다음이 온라인게임의 직접서비스 의제, 음악서비스 의제 순으로 나타났다. 시청각서비스분야 공동제작협정은 방송 및 극장에서의 외국 콘텐츠 상영에 대한 각종 규제가 많기 때문에 공동제작물에 대해 쌍방이 자국물로 인정해 주게 되면 통상장벽을 실질적으로 낮추는 효과를 볼 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. 또한 온라인게임서비스의 중국시장 진출이 가장 산업적 영향이 큰 것으로 파악되었다.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.468-480
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• 2016

As the existing FTAs' implementations are being accelerated, ex-post assessments, such as tariff schedules and agricultural trade analyses results, have been emerging as important national issues for the agricultural sector. Korea-Chile FTA is the first FTA in Korea, and more than ten years have passed since April 2004. It will be necessary to measure the impacts of the agreement on the domestic agricultural industry by analyzing concessions made on traded items of farm products on prices, agricultural trade, and so on. The purpose of this study is to prepare for the request for ex-post assessments on the agricultural sector by trade negotiation procedural law. Additionally, by providing policy direction for agricultural policy segments requiring amendments and supplements through an ex-post assessment, we can more objectively evaluate the conflicting arguments between the agricultural and non-agricultural sectors. Current evaluation methods about ex-post impact assessment of FTA are generally comparison analysis on the change of trade balance before and after FTA implementation. However, this simple comparison analysis cannot be said to pure FTA effects and objective, tightening economic impact assessment of the FTA because of all combined situations such as effects of exchange rates, international macroeconomic changes, climate change, and the occurrence of pests. This research attempts to use dynamic analysis as its ex-post assessment methodology and is expected to contribute to future policy evaluation.