• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.149-155
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• 2004

본 논문은 응용수준 액티브네트워크(ALAN)상에서 자치 적응성(Self-Adaptation) 컨텐츠 서비스 네트워크(CSN)에 관하여 언급하였다. 최근에는 컨텐츠 전송에 초점을 둔 CDN(Content Delivery Network)기술과 더불어 서비스 전송에 초점을 둔 CSN(Content Service Network)이 등장하였다. 그리고 CSN과 관련하여 IETF(Internet Export Task Force)에서는 OPES(Open Pluggable Edge Service)표준의 표준화가 진행 중에 있다. 그러나 최근에 유비쿼터스 컴퓨팅 환경의 도래와 함께 망에서는 사용자의 자주 변화하는 제약조건에 맞는 서비스를 제공하기 위한 자치적응성(self-adaptation)이 요구되고 있다. 기존 CDN/CSN는 자치 적응성의 고려가 부족하다. 왜냐하면 기존 망이 이러한 기능을 현재 지원할 수 없기 때문이다. 그러므로 본 논문에서는 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해서 망에서 기능성 제공이 가능한 액티브네트워크 상의 자치적응성 CSN의 구조를 제안하였다.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.547-565
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the level of SCM activities and the logistics performance by SCM of the three company types in fashion industry· fabric suppliers, apparel manufacturers, and retailers. The level of SCM activities was estimated through the examination of seven factors: commitment and leadership of a top management, flexibility of management, understanding of demand characteristics, integrated management organization, information system, cooperative partnership and communication and exchange of opinion. The logistics performance was measured by improvement in customer service(on time delivery ratio of products, returning rate, treat ratio for A/S, order fill rate, substitute providing capability for being out of stock) and delivery cost reduction. Through questionnaire survey, a total of 214 data for 108 companies of three company types were collected: 46 for 40 fabric suppliers, 123 for 64 apparel manufacturers and 45 for 4 retailers. The analysis of SCM activity levels showed that fabric suppliers had higher degrees in the factor of understanding of demand characteristics, and apparel manufacturers had higher degrees in the factor of information systems. For retailers, the factor of communication and exchange of opinion represented higher degrees. The study on relationship between the SCM activity levels and logistics performance showed that the SCM activity factor of understanding of demand characteristics greatly improved a substitute providing capability for being out of stock in fabric suppliers, and information system improved a substitute providing capability for being out of stock, on time delivery ratio of products and order fill rate in apparel manufacturers. In retailers, the SCM activity factor of understanding of demand characteristics decreased returning rate highly and improved on time delivery ratio of products. The study results showed that SCM activities in fashion industry brought more improvement in customer service levels rather than in delivery cost reduction.

• 농촌지도와개발
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.73-83
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• 2001

North Dakota State University (NDSU) Extension Service's purpose was to create a learning partnership that helped adults and youth enhance their lives and communities. NDSU Extension Service has maintained a strong blend of county, regional and state staff to support their program delivery. Experiment Station and Extension Service were integrated both in their job duties and at the administrative level. While researchers at the campus and center carried out both research and outreach activities with producers, Extension staff both at county and center carried out some research activities as well as outreach activities. The strong county-based Extension network was the main avenue for program delivery. Extension agents also provide programs on a multi-country basis. Program planning includes county advisory councils, multi-county advisory councils, support groups, and commodity groups, such as farmers and business people. Planning was used to shape their long-range plan of work along with adjustments to their annual activities. Funding of the NDSU Extension Service has been a blend of federal, state, and county dollars. In the past few years, grant dollars and agency partnerships have increased. Local input into extension programs, combined with support and funding from state and federal partners, enabled the extension service to truly meet the needs of people.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.55-61
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• 2024

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the logistics industry in Korea has rapidly been expanding, with offline demand concentrating on online platforms owing to the development of digital infrastructure. This has increased the workload of courier drivers considerably, along with labor intensity. A delivery driver died recently from overwork due to the continuous increase in delivery volume, which raises social concerns. Delivery drivers work long hours, (over 12 hours) and are greatly affected by weather conditions, such as snow, rain, heat waves, and cold waves. In addition, they lack a fixed workplace; perform atypical work handling workpieces of various sizes, weights, and shapes; and spend a large amount of time driving as part of their work. This work involves a high level of tension and requires attention and concentration. Despite the frequency of industrial accidents in the courier industry, studies on safety and health to quantitatively analyze and systematize the work of courier workers are very scarce. Therefore, to define the work process necessary for investigating the harmful factors in delivery service and the work analysis, this study conducted interviews and on-site surveys to analyze the unit work of the delivery service by targeting delivery workers. In other words, a framework of unit work for work analysis was presented to enable research and analysis by considering the aforementioned characteristics of the courier industry. The process was broadly divided into work, transport, storage, delay, and inspection. Work was divided into loading, sorting, unloading, and door subcategories, and transportation was divided into vehicle, cart, and walking subcategories as well as 10 small processes. Moreover, 22 unit works were again drawn by conducting field surveys and interviews. The risk of unit work derived from this study was ergonomically evaluated, and the ergonomic analysis revealed that uploading and transportation were the most dangerous. The results of this study could be used as basic data for preventing industrial accidents among courier workers, whose work has increased with the logistics volume and the development of the logistics industry.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.106-116
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• 2021

This paper considers a joint problem for blood inventory planning at hospitals and blood delivery planning from blood centers to hospitals, in order to alleviate the blood service imbalance between big and small hospitals being occurred in practice. The joint problem is to determine delivery timing, delivery quantity, delivery means such as medical drones and legacy blood vehicles, and inventory level to minimize inventory and delivery costs while satisfying hospitals' blood demand over a planning horizon. This problem is formulated as a mixed integer programming model by considering practical constraints such as blood lifespan and drone specification. To solve the problem, this paper employs a Lagrangian relaxation technique and suggests a time efficient Lagrangian heuristic algorithm. The performance of the suggested heuristic is evaluated by conducting computational experiments on randomly-generated problem instances, which are generated by mimicking the real data of Korean Red Cross in Seoul and other reliable sources. The results of computational experiments show that the suggested heuristic obtains near-optimal solutions in a shorter amount of time. In addition, we discuss the effect of changes in the length of blood lifespan, the number of planning periods, the number of hospitals, and drone specifications on the performance of the suggested Lagrangian heuristic.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보통신학회 2017년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.282-283
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• 2017

A government or non-governmental organization give service to their customer. Each organization have different hierarch levels. Service satisfaction surveys have become an important tool for government planners, as important in the perceived quality of service lead to great delivery of public service. When a customer gives feedback at a bottom level of organization, it is so difficult reach to higher official in time. This paper argue that, Quick Response (QR) code open up the possibility of conducting public service satisfaction at lower cost and the way feedback is directly routed to the relevant party according to their hierarchical level and gate real time feedback using specific smart phone application.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.574-583
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• 2009

Purpose: This paper analyzed alternative methods of calculating the conversion factor for nurse-midwife's delivery services in the national health insurance and estimated the optimal reimbursement level for the services. Methods: A cost accounting model and Sustainable Growth Rate (SGR) model were developed to estimate the conversion factor of Resource-Based Relative Value Scale (RBRVS) for nurse-midwife's services, depending on the scope of revenue considered in financial analysis. The data and sources from the government and the financial statements from nurse-midwife clinics were used in analysis. Results: The cost accounting model and SGR model showed a 17.6-37.9% increase and 19.0-23.6% increase, respectively, in nurse-midwife fee for delivery services in the national health insurance. The SGR model measured an overall trend of medical expenditures rather than an individual financial status of nurse-midwife clinics, and the cost analysis properly estimated the level of reimbursement for nurse-midwife's services. Conclusion: Normal vaginal delivery in nurse-midwife clinics is considered cost-effective in terms of insurance financing. Upon a declining share of health expenditures on midwife clinics, designing a reimbursement strategy for midwife's services could be an opportunity as well as a challenge when it comes to efficient resource allocation.

• 인터넷정보학회논문지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.33-41
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• 2018

In recent years, technology is rapidly changing to support new service consumption and distribution models in multimedia service systems and hybrid delivery of media services is a key factor for enabling next generation multimedia services. This phenomenon can lead to rapidly increasing network traffic and ultimately has a direct and aggravating effect on the user's quality of service (QOS). To address the issue, we propose a novel system architecture to provide smart hybrid media services efficiently. The architecture is designed to apply the software-defined networking (SDN) method, detect changes in traffic, and combine the data, including user data, service features, and computation node status, to provide a service schedule that is suitable for the current state. To this end, the proposed architecture is based on 2-level scheduling, where Level-1 scheduling is responsible for the best network path and a computation node for processing the user request, whereas Level-2 scheduling deals with individual service requests that arrived at the computation node. This paper describes the overall concept of the architecture, as well as the functions of each component. In addition, this paper describes potential scenarios that demonstrate how this architecture could provide services more efficiently than current media-service architectures.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제53권6호
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• pp.688-701
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• 2020

배달음식 주문 경험이 있는 20-50대의 성인남녀를 대상으로 배달음식 제품과 서비스의 품질개선방안 마련을 위한 기초자료를 제공하기 위해 설문조사를 실시한 결과는 다음과 같다. 월1회 이상 배달음식을 주문한 총 574명의 설문을 통계분석했을 때, 배달음식 선택속성에 대한 중요도 평가점수는 '위생상태' (4.72점), '음식의 맛' (4.64점), '배달의 정확성' (4.40점) 순으로 높았고, 만족도 평가점수는 '음식의 맛' (4.32점), '배달의 정확성' (4.26점), '배달 어플의 이용 편리성' (4.21점) 순으로 높았다. 또한, IPA 결과 우선적으로 개선이 필요하다고 평가된 항목은 '배달비', '할인 혜택 제공', '충분한 메뉴 설명', '불만의 신속처리' 였다. 배달음식에 대한 전체적인 만족도 (5점 척도)는 평균 4.01점이었다. 배달음식 만족도 요인에 대한 요인 분석 결과 '배달 플랫폼의 품질', '배달서비스의 품질', '편의성과 다양성', '배달음식의 품질', '건강과 안전'의 5개 요인이 추출되었고, 배달음식에 대한 전체적인 만족도와 배달음식 만족도 요인, 연령, 배달음식 이용 빈도, 1인 1회 평균 구매 가격 간의 상관관계 분석 결과 전체적인 만족도와 배달음식 이용 빈도, 배달음식 만족도 요인 간에 유의적인 정 (+)의 상관관계를 나타냈다(p < 0.01). 배달음식 이용 고객의 전체적인 만족도에 미치는 영향 요인을 살펴보고자 다중회귀분석을 실시한 결과 배달음식 만족도 요인 5개 모두 전체적인 만족도에 유의적인 영향을 주는 것으로 분석되었다 (p < 0.001). 따라서 배달음식 이용 고객의 만족도 향상을 위해서는 배달 플랫폼의 품질뿐만 아니라 배달음식의 품질, 배달서비스의 품질, 편의성과 다양성, 건강과 안전 요인에 대해서 지속적인 개선이 필요하다고 판단된다.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.89-94
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• 2023

Cloud-based technology is used in different organizations around the world for various purposes. Using this technology, the service providers provide the service mainly SaaS, PaaS and while the cloud service consumer consumes the services by paying for the service they used or accessed by the principle of "pay per use". The customer of the services can get any services being at different places or locations using different machines or electronic devices. Under the conditions of being well organized and having all necessary infrastructures, the services can be accessed suitably. The identified problem in this study is that cloud providers control and monitor the system or tools by ignoring the calculation and consideration of various faults made from the cloud provider side during service delivery. There are currently problems with ignoring the consumer or client during the monitoring and mentoring system for cloud services consumed at the customer or client level by SLA provisions. The new framework was developed to address the above-mentioned problems. The framework was developed as a unified modeling language. Eight basic components are used to develop the framework. For this research, the researcher developed a prototype by using a selected cloud tool to simulate and java programming language to write a code as well as MySQL to store data during SLA. The researcher used different criteria to validate the developed framework i.e. to validate SLA that is concerned with a cloud service provider, validate what happened when the request from the client-side is less than what is specified in SLA and above what is specified in SLA as well as implementing the monitoring mechanism using the developed Monitoring component. The researcher observed that with the 1st and 3rd criteria the service level agreement was violated and this indicated that if the Service level agreement is monitored or managed only by cloud service prover, there is a violation of LSA. Therefore, the researcher recommended that the service level agreement be managed by both cloud service providers and service consumers in the cloud computing environment.