• The korean journal of orthodontics
• /
• v.28 no.1 s.66
• /
• pp.85-97
• /
• 1998

The purpose of this study was to observe the effects of sodium fluoride on the bony repair and regeneration processes after the rapid palatal expansion in the growing dogs. Eighteen dogs were divided into experimental and control groups. They were in the late mixed dentition. The rapid Palatal expansion was undertaken in all the animals($180^{\circ}$ turn/day) for ten days. The animals were sacrificed on 0, 15 and 45 days after the finish of expansion. One mg NaF/kg of body weight/day were given orally to the experimental group. Blood samples were drawn before and after expansion and the se겨m calcium, phosphate and alkaline phosphatase level were measured. The undecalcified bone section of midpalatal suture area was made, and observed under the light microscopy The results were as follows ; 1. The day after expansion, the infiltration of inflammatory cells were prominent and the new bone formation started at the edges of the two palatal plates bodering the midpalatal suture in both groups. Especially, the newly formed osteoid were very extensive and the osteoblasts lining the osteoid were very active in the experimental group. 2. At fifteen days after expansion, the active osteoblasts lining the osteold at the surface of trabecular bony spicules and active new bone formation were observed in the both groups. However, the cellular activity and new bone formation were more prominent In the experimental group. 3. At forty five days after expansion, the continuous osteoid and new bone formation and active osteoblasts were observed in the experimental group. But these phenomena were not observed in the control group. In the control group, the numerous osteoclasts were adjacent midpalatal suture and the bony remodeling process was begun. The serum alkaline phosphatase level was maintained highly in the experimental group, but decreased in the control. According to the above results, the author reached the conclusion that sodium fluoride has the stimulation effects on the osteoid production of the osteoblasts during the healing process after the rapid Palatal expansion more continuously.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
• /
• v.32 no.1
• /
• pp.15-21
• /
• 2005

This Study was conducted to investigate the effects of microbial phytase in low phosphirus and calcium level diet on the performance and nutrient digestibility in laying hens. One hundred ninety two, 50 wks old, ISA brown commerical layers were used for 12 weeks feeding trial after 7-d adjustment period. Four dietary treatments included CON(control; Co.), P2 ($0.06\%$ Natuphos, BASF) and P3 ($0.06\%$ PHOSMAX, GENOFOCUS). Ca and available P concentrations of P1, P2 and P3 were 90 and $50\%$ of NRC recommecdations to accentuate difference in response to phytase availability. In whole period, egg production was not affected by treatments. At 12 weeks, egg weight was significantly increased in adding phytase treatments (P<0.05). Egg shell thickness was increased in P1, P2 and P3 treatments compared with control (P<0.05) at 9 weeks. Ca concentration of serum tended to decrease in P1 treatment without significant difference (P>0.05). Ca and P concentrations of tibia were higher in layers fed dietary phyrase than those fed control diet without significant difference (P>0.05). Digestibilities of DM, N and ash were improved in P1 treatment compared with P2 and P3 treatments (P<0.05). Ca and P digestibilities were the highest in P2 treatment (P>0.05), but was not significant difference between control and P1 treatments.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.47 no.3
• /
• pp.186-192
• /
• 2014

Purpose: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome has increased in both the adult population and in adolescents. However, few studies have been conducted for adolescents. The aim of this study was to examine the association of metabolic syndrome and its risk factors with high carbohydrate diet and high fat diet using data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1998-2009). Methods: Using the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range for Korean Dietary Reference Intakes, subjects whose energy intake from carbohydrate was greater than 70% and from fat was less than 15% were classified as the 'High-carbohydrate & low-fat diet (HCLF)' group and subjects whose energy intake from carbohydrate was less than 60% and from fat was 25% or more were classified as the 'Low-carbohydrate & high-fat Diet (LCHF)' group. Among 5,931 eligible subjects, HCLF included 853 subjects and LCHF included 1,084 subjects. Results: The mean age in both groups was 14 years and significant difference in age, BMI, sex, physical activity, and household income was observed between the HCLF and LCHF groups. Regarding the energy intake compared to Estimated Energy Requirement, the HCLF group met 79.0% and the LCHF group met 100.3%. Regarding nutrient intake per 1,000 kcal, carbohydrate, iron, potassium, and vitamin C intake in the HCLF group were significantly higher, but protein, fat, calcium, phosphorus, vitamin A, thiamin, riboflavin, and niacin intakes were significantly lower in the HCLF group compared to the LCHF group. After adjusting for age, sex, BMI, study year, household income, physical activity, and energy intake, the serum triglycerides level and systolic blood pressure were slightly higher, while the serum HDL-cholesterol level was significantly lower in HCLF than LCHF. The odds ratio of metabolic syndrome did not differ significantly between HCLF and LCHF. Conclusion: Our findings indicate an association of a high carbohydrate diet with increased risks for metabolic syndrome components. Conduct of future studies would be necessary in order to explore the underlying mechanism and to confirm our findings in a prospective study.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
• /
• v.35 no.3
• /
• pp.848-856
• /
• 2018

The aim of this study was to investigate the hematology and serum chemistry values on Sprague-Dawley rats, used krill (Euphausia superba) meal diet and sodium fluoride (NaF) for 5 weeks. Seven-week-old male rats were divided into five groups and fed experimental diets containing three krill meal contents, administrated orally 10 mg of NaF, basal diet group (BG), basal diet plus 10 mg of NaF group (BFG), 10.0% krill meal plus 10 mg of NaF group (KMF10), 20.0% krill meal plus 10 mg of NaF group (KMF20), and 30.0% krill meal plus 10 mg of NaF group (KMF30). Concentrations of non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine in sera were significantly lower in the KMF10, KMF20, KMF30 than BFG (p<0.05). In uric acid concentration KMF10 showed no significant difference with the BFG group, was significantly lower than KMF20 and KMF30 (p<0.05). Total calcium (T-Ca) concentrations was all observed to be no significant difference, was increased with krill meal content (p<0.05). Phosphorus (Pi) concentration was no change in the content of krill meal. Accordingly, krill meal was considered to be effective in improving NEFA and BUN, creatinine, uric acid concentration.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
• /
• v.25 no.3
• /
• pp.251-260
• /
• 1998

It is well known that the clinical test for responsibility of accurate fertilization capacity in male partners is very important to diagnose and treat the infertility. However, it has been reported that the traditional semen analysis cannot accurately predict fertilization and pregnancy potential. The present study was performed to evaluate the acrosomal reaction to ionophore challenge (ARIC) test as a prognostic indicator for fertilization of sperm and oocyte in an in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) program. From March 1996 to Februry 1997, 30 couples undergoing IVF program were allocated to this study group. All female partners in the study group were 35 years old or less and their serum level of basal follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and estradiol $(E_2)$ were normal. All the male partners have normal parameters of semen analysis. The ARIC tests were performed on the day of ovum pick up and in vitro insemination in all the male partners. The controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) using luteal long protocol of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist was used in all couples for IVF-ET. The acrosomal reaction with $10{\mu}l$ of 10% DMSO was induced spontaneously in $10.1{\pm}9.8%$, and acrosomal reaction with calcium ionophore A 23187 was induced in $27.4{\pm}18.1%$, and the ARIC value was $17.4{\pm}16.2%$. There were no significant correlation between the ARIC value and the fertilization rate ($r^2$=0.044, p=0.268). There were also no significant correlation between the ARIC value and the percentage of the grade I, II embryos ($r^2$=0.046, p=0.261). On the basis of above results, it was suggested that ARIC test might not be a useful prognostic indicator for fertilization in IVF-ET in male partners with normal parameters of conventional semen analysis. We guessed that IVF-ET could be performed to the patients primarily without universal appilcation of ARIC test to all male partenrs, and if fertilization failure occurs, the micro assisted fertilization (MAF) such as intracytoplsmic sperm injection (ICSI) might be used as an alternative mode of treatment with acceptable success rate.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.33 no.2
• /
• pp.294-304
• /
• 2020

Objective: The study was conducted to evaluate the effects of the absorbent (a mixture of activated carbon and hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate) on growth performance, blood profiles and hepatic genes expression in broilers fed diets naturally contaminated with aflatoxin. Methods: A total of 1,200 one-day-old male chicks were randomly assigned to 6 treatments with 10 replicate cages per treatment. The dietary treatments were as follows: i) control (basal diets); ii) 50% contaminated corn; iii) 100% contaminated corn; iv) control+1% adsorbent; v) 50% contaminated corn+1% absorbent; vi) 100% contaminated corn+1% absorbent. Results: During d 1 to 21, feeding contaminated diets reduced (p<0.05) body weight (BW), average daily gain (ADG), and average daily feed intake (ADFI), but increased (p<0.05) feed-to-gain ratio (F/G). The absorbent supplementation increased (p<0.05) BW, ADG, and ADFI. There were interactions (p<0.05) in BW, ADG, and ADFI between contaminated corn and absorbent. Overall, birds fed 100% contaminated diets had lower (p<0.05) final BW and ADG, but higher (p<0.05) F/G compared to those fed control diets. The absorbent addition increased (p<0.05) serum albumin concentration on d 14 and 28 and total protein (TP) level on d 28, decreased (p<0.05) alanine transaminase activity on d 14 and activities of aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase on d 28. Feeding contaminated diets reduced (p<0.05) hepatic TP content on d 28 and 42. The contaminated diets upregulated (p<0.05) expression of interleukin-6, catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD), but downregulated (p<0.05) glutathione S-transferase (GST) expression in liver. The absorbent supplementation increased (p<0.05) interleukin-1β, CAT, SOD, cytochrome P450 1A1 and GST expression in liver. There were interactions (p<0.05) in the expression of hepatic CAT, SOD, and GST between contaminated corn and absorbent. Conclusion: The results suggest that the naturally aflatoxin-contaminated corn depressed growth performance, while the adsorbent could partially attenuate the adverse effects of aflatoxin on growth performance, blood profiles and hepatic genes expression in broilers.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
• /
• v.20 no.1
• /
• pp.19-28
• /
• 2010

This study was designed to investigate the effect of increased blood and tibia lead on the change of bone mineral density in retired male lead workers. One hundred nine retired male lead workers who worked in 4 different lead industries and 51 nonoccupationally lead exposed male subjects were recruited from March 2004 to October 2004. Bone mineral density(BMD) was measured by broadband ultrasound attenuation(BUA) at left calcaneous bone area with broadband ultrasound attenuation method of QUS-2(Metra Biosystems Inc, USA). Tibia bone lead was measured for skeletal bone lead with K-xray fluorescence(K-XRF) and blood lead was analyzed with flameless atomic spectrophotometer. Hemoglobin, hematocrit, serum calcium and iron were also analyzed. In addition, information for smoking and drinking status and basic personal data such as age and lead exposure were also collected using questionnaire inquiry. Blood lead was correlated with tibia lead (r=0.711) and these two variables were negatively correlated with BUA in bivariate analysis. BUA and tibia lead showed significant main effects on the change of blood lead after adjusting covariates. The effect modification by the level of BMD (low: lower than the median of BUA and high: higher than the median of BUA) was observed between the association of tibia lead and blood lead after adjustment of covariates. The subjects who had higher BMD seemed to have lower blood lead by the increase of tibia lead than those of lower BMD. In the multiple regression analysis of blood lead and tibia lead on BUA after adjustment of covariates, only blood lead showed statistically significant effect on BUA. This study confirmed that BMD and blood lead were significantly associated. To verify the causal association of BMD on blood lead and vice versa, further longitudinal studies are needed.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
• /
• v.27 no.3
• /
• pp.267-277
• /
• 2000

These studies were conducted to investigate the effect of dietary supplemental lincomycin at different food waste supplements on performance and blood components of broiler chicks. Diets were based corn, soybean meal and contained 3,100㎉/kg ME, 21% CP for the rest two weeks. Three levels of dietary lincomycin(LM ; 0, 2.2, 4.4 mg/kg) and food waste(FW : 0, 7.5, 15%) were added for both experiments. Weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio(FCR) were measured for five weeks. Blood components, liver weight and abdominal fat ratio to body weight were examined at the end of experiment. Metabolizable energy of food waste used in formulating diet prior to feeding trials were measured 2,504(Expt 1) and 2,734㎉/kg(Expt 2), respectively. In Expt 1, weight gain of birds fed 4.4mg/kg LM was significantly higher than that of no LM treatment(P〈0.05). It also tended to increase in 7.5% food waste treatment compared to that of control but was not significantly different. FCR of chicks fed 2.2mg/kg LM supplement was significantly improved compared to that of other treatments. However, chicks fed food waste supplements had higher FCR than control as a dietary FW level increased(P〈0.05). There were no significance in blood components of all treatments. Liver to body weight ratio of birds fed 7.5% FW supplements decreased significantly(P〈0.05), but was no consistency in LM treatments. In Expt 2, weight gain of chicks fed 15% FW was not significantly different from the control and 7.5% FW. It tended to increase as dietary supplemental LM increased. It also increased in no LM treatment with 15% FW compared to that of control. However, the birds fed 2.2mg/kg LM with 15% FW exhibited higher weight gain than dther treatments. As FW supplement increased, the feed intake increased significantly(P〈0.05). There were no significance in blood components except serum calcium. Weights of liver were not affected by dietary FW or LM. The results of these experiments indicated that chicks fed 4.4mg/kg LM supplements maximized growth rate of all treatments and improved FCR in 2.2mg/kg LM.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.41 no.1
• /
• pp.54-64
• /
• 2008

We examined the effect of dietary behavior improvement on diet quality, body composition and blood lipid profiles in 68 middle-aged women. Dietary behavior intervention was consisted of counselling in the problem areas of portion control, food selection for low carbohydrate and high fiber food items, and education on the improvement of micronutrient intakes and diet quality. The subjects were divided into two groups; Improved or Not-Improved Group according to the level of changes in dietary behavior scores. After 6 months, body weight, BMI, waist-hip ratio, and visceral fat area were significantly decreased in the Improved Group compared to the Not-Improved Group. Calorie-adjusted protein, fiber, calcium, iron and vitamin C intakes were significantly increased in the Improved Group. The index of nutritional quality (INQ) and mean adequacy ratio (MAR) were increased only in the Improved Group. We observed a significantly increase in HDL-cholesterol and a decrease in total cholesterol, triglyceride and LDL-cholesterol, and an improvement of atherogenic index in the Improved Group. These results showed that dietary behavior intervention improved dietary behavior scores, and those whose dietary behavior score improved showed more improvement in diet quality, body composition, and serum profiles than those whose dietary behavior score did not improve.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
• /
• v.29 no.5
• /
• pp.724-734
• /
• 2016

The purpose of this study was to determine the health behaviors and nutritional status related to dyslipidemia in Korean middle-aged adults (between 50 and 64 years old) from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examinations Survey data (2007~2010). A total of 4,721 subjects were analyzed in this study. The subjects were divided into three groups (normal, borderline, and dyslipidemia) according to serum lipid levels. Parameters included in this study were drinking and smoking, anthropometric parameters, blood and nutritional parameters. The latter parameter included food/nutrients intake. All data was adjusted by sex, region, education level, and age. General linear model and logistic regression model were used for statistical analysis. The dyslipidemia group was comprised of more men than women. By contrast, the borderline group was comprised of more women than men (p<0.001). No significant differences were observed for other general characteristics. There were more smokers and drinkers(drinking per time) in the dyslipidemia group (p<0.05). Anthropometric data showed significant difference, ie, height (p<0.05), weight, body mass index, waist circumference, percent body fat, and blood pressure were higher in the dyslipidemia group (p<0.001). Only blood urea nitrogen showed no significant difference among groups. The HbA1c (p<0.01), fasting blood glucose, GOT, GPT, creatinine levels were higher in the dyslipidemia group (p<0.001). So it is required for the management of obesity in dyslipidemia group. The dyslipidemia group ate less sea food (p<0.05). The nutrients intake of energy and protein, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, calcium, phosphorus were lower in the dyslipidemia group (p<0.05). Therefore, to lower dyslipidemia prevalence rates, it is necessary to increase the intake of foods containing ${\omega}-3$ fatty acids. We also suggest a meal management program and nutritional education to recognize the risk of dyslipidemia, especially for people such as the individual in the borderline and dyslipidemia study groups.