• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.56 no.2
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• pp.80-85
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• 2013

Purpose: Febrile seizures (FS) are seizures that occur between the age of 6 and 60 months, but its pathophysiology still is not fully understood. There is limited information about the correlation between levels of selenium and leptin with FS. This study aimed to determine the relationship between serum levels of selenium and leptin in children with FS. Methods: This case-control study was conducted in a University Hospital in Shahrekord, Iran, in 2011. The serum levels of selenium and leptin of 25 children with simple febrile seizure (case group) were compared with 25 febrile children without seizure (control group) in acute phase and after three months. The levels of serum selenium and leptin were measured by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method, respectively. Results: In acute phase, the mean serum level of selenium in case and control groups were $95.88{\pm}42.55$ and $113.25{\pm}54.43{\mu}g/dL$, respectively, and difference was not significant (P=0.415), but after three months, this level had a significant increase in both groups (P<0.001). In acute phase, the mean serum leptin level in case and control groups were $0.94{\pm}0.5$ and $0.98{\pm}0.84$ ng/mL, respectively, but difference was not significant (P=0.405). After three months, serum leptin level had no significant change in both groups (P=0.882). Conclusion: These observations suggest that serum levels of selenium and leptin have not specific relation with FS but overllay is lower, however, further study is recommended. Also selenium level in stress and acute phase was significantly lower than recovery phase.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.217-222
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• 2012

Purpose: We conducted this study to study the clinical correlation between the characteristics of gastric cancer and serum selenium and zinc levels. Materials and Methods: The following data were measured in the baseline serum selenium and zinc levels of 74 patients with curative gastrectomy subsequent to confirmed gastric cancer, from March 2005 to August 2012. Results: Among the 74 gastric cancer patients, 53 patients were male. Mean serum selenium and zinc levels were $118.7{\pm}33.1$ ug/L and $72.2{\pm}24.3$ ug/dl, respectively. Seven patients (9.5%) showed lower selenium level, and 33 patients (44.6%) showed lower zinc level. Serum Selenium level was $99.1{\pm}31.8$ ug/L in cardia cancer group (10 cases) and $121.8{\pm}32.4$ ug/L in non-cardia cancer group (64 cases)(P=0.044). According to tumor gross type, zinc level was $78.7{\pm}29.6$ ug/dl in early gastric cancer (33) and $66.9{\pm}17.8$ ug/dl in advanced gastric cancer (41) (P=0.064). Conclusions: The serum selenium level was highly correlated with the location of gastric cancer. The serum zinc level was lower in advanced gastric cancer.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.491-499
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• 2003

Selenium is a strong antioxidant trace mineral, scavenging free radicals. The prevalence of chronic degenerative diseases is increasing in Korean adults with increasing age. The increased cell damage from free radicals has been implicated in the etiology of these diseases, and evidence is accumulating that the low selenium status that comes with advanced aged is involved in the prevalence of age-associated diseases. However, little is known about the selenium status of Koreans, its age-related change and its relationship to dietary nutrient intake. In this study, the serum selenium levels of healthy adult females according to life cycle and its association with blood albumin levels and nutrient intake were examined. Serum selenium level was measured with the Huwo research reactor using the neutron activation analysis method (NAA). The overall proportion of women with selenium deficiency, serum selenium concentrations below 7.0 $\mu\textrm{g}$/dl, was 9.4%. The average serum selenium levels were 12.39 $\mu\textrm{g}$/dl, 9.45 $\mu\textrm{g}$/dl and 9.16 $\mu\textrm{g}$/dl in the young adult, middle-aged and elderly groups, respectively, showing a reduction of selenium status with advancing age. Selenium deficiency was seen only in the elderly group. Generally, serum selenium levels positively or negatively correlated with nutrient intake, but these association patterns differed depending on the age. The nutrients that showed positive correlations with selenium levels were proteins and phosphate in the young adult group (p < 0.05, p < 0.05), and total calcium, potassium and vegetable-origin calcium in the middle-aged group. Vitamin C and fiber were the negative correlated nutrients with serum selenium levels in the elderly group (p < 0.05, p < 0.05). Multiple stepwise regression analysis of the determining factors responsible for selenium status showed that age and serum albumin levels were important factors which explained up to 26.9% variances in serum selenium levels. The average selenium concentrations of Korean adult female subjects were above the deficiency levels in all three age groups. There was a tendency toward decreasing selenium levels as the age of the subjects increased. The factors with the strongest in-fluence on selenium status in healthy adult Korean females were age and serum protein status. (Korean J Nutrition 36(5): 491~499, 2003)

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.378-383
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• 2011

This study examined the effect of supplementary selenium on leukocytes and heat shock protein (HSP) 70 expression in serum during half-body immersion. The subjects were male college tennis athletes. All subjects participated in two repeated experiments with a 1 week interval. During the 30 min intermittent half-body immersion, subjects were given 500 mL of water with or without selenium (100 ${\mu}g$). Blood samples were taken from the antecubital vein, and differential counts were made. Serum HSP70 protein was analyzed using a commercial ELISA kit. After half-body immersion, leukocytes and lymphocytes increased significantly but neutrophils decreased significantly in both trials (with or without selenium). Selenium supplementation, compared with placebo, decreased levels of leukocytes, neutrophils, and monocytes, but not lymphocytes, to the resting level or below 60 min after immersion. Only lymphocytes continued to increase in both trials during the recovery period. Serum HSP70 protein level did not change after immersion, but it decreased 60 min after immersion with the administration of selenium. In conclusion, supplementary selenium reduced the systemic immune response and serum HSP70 protein accumulation after half-body immersion.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.429-438
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to examine whether conjugated linoleic acid and selenium supplementation in broiler chicken diets would be effective, enhance indices of immune status and body weight, and modulate serum lipid concentration. Forty Hyline brown chickens, 1 weeks of age, were divided into 5 groups of 8 chickens. Chickens were fed the experimental diets supplemented with 1% CLA (conjugated linoleic acid; Group 1), 1% CLA + selenium (Group 2), 1% safflower-seed-oil as LA (Group 3), 1% safflower-seed-oil as LA + selenium (Group 4) or nothing (Control) for 4 weeks. After 4 weeks, serum, liver, spleen and abdominal fat were taken. Measurement of total immunoglobulin were executed using sandwich ELISA. Weight ratio of liver to body showed that the group fed with CLA were significantly higher than the group fed with CLA + selenium. Weight ratios of spleen and fat to body showed no significantly differences. In concentrations of serum total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol, the group fed with CLA showed significantly higher values than that fed with CLA + selenium. In concentrations of serum triglyceride and LDL-cholesterol there were no significantly differences between the treatment groups. In conclusion, supplementation of CLA with selenium protected hepatomegaly and reduced level of serum total cholesterol and HDL-cholestererol in chickens.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.33-38
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• 1985

This experiment was undertaken to investigate ana to compare the effect of vitamin E and selenium on the lipid composition in serum and liver of rats. Net weight gain and food efficiency ratio were elevated by supplementation with selenium and/or vitamin E. The weight of kidney, heart and lung were not affected by the diets. However, liver weight was slightly decreased by supplementation with vitamin E and/or selenium and spleen weight was significantly decreased only by vitamin I supplementation. No differences in serum level of total lipid were found in all groups. Serum cholesterol level was significantly decreased, but the levels of triglyceride and free fatty acid in serum were increased by vitamin E supplementation. Contents of crude lipid, cholesterol, free fatty acid, and triglyceride in liver were significantly decreased by supplementation with vitamin E and/or selenium. In fatty aicd composition of liver, the percentage of linoleic acid(18:2) was the lowest in the selenium-Supplemented group and the significantly lower percentage of arachidonic acid(20:4) was found in the vitamin E and/or selenium-supplemented group in comparision to the deficient basal group.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.114-122
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• 2010

Se and Fe are trace minerals acting as antioxidant scavenging free radicals. Iron deficiency is the most frequently reported nutritional deficiency in females. Body iron status are known to be dependent not only upon dietary iron intake, but also upon micro-mineral nutrition and obesity. Antioxidants such as selenium are reported to play an important role on the regulation of erythropoiesis by protecting RBC membrane from antioxidative damage. In this study, iron status in young females and its relationships with selenium status and physique were examined. Serum selenium and iron concentrations were measured by HANARO research reactor using neutron activation analysis method (NAA-method). The proportion with iron deficiency and anemia were 27.1% and 8.6%, respectively in young females, but the proportion with iron deficient anemia was 1.4%. The mean serum selenium level was $12.0\;{\mu}g/dL$ and in normal range in the young women. The study participants were tertiled according to BMI and serum selenium levels. Serum ferritin and iron levels inclined with increasing BMI tertiles. Serum iron and RBC count were higher in middle selenium group than low selenium group. Individuals had significantly lower hematocrit level in the lowest tertile for their serum selenium levels compared with the highest tertile. The serum ferritin level was predicted 25% by BMI and RBC count 26.2% by the serum selenium level and body fat%. In conclusion, this study shows that body iron status in young adult females are influenced by obesity and body selenium status.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.506-515
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• 1991

Serum concentration of selenium were measured ; Studying 36 patients with Hepatoma. 19 with Hepatitis 15 with Liver cirrhosis and 67 Normal control to discover the correlation between serum selenum and cancer. And it have tested also the serum protein and albumin to compare the nutrition status by researching the same persons above The results of those two experiments are as follow : 1) The mean of each group of patients resulting from mearsuing the serum protein content showing 6.91$\pm$0.10g/dl in the patients with hepatoma 7.05$\pm$0.17g/dl in the ones with hepatitis 6.42$\pm$0.13g/dl in the ones with liver cirrhosis and 7.46$\pm$0.06g/dl in the normal control is all being within the normal range such as 6.0-0.8(g/dl) while the distribution is revealin 10.5%, 13.3% in the patients with hepatitis and liver cirrhosis which are below the normal range and 47.2%, 96.9%, 80.0% in the low range of normal one ; therefore in could see that patientsw compared with normal control are in low level in the serum protein content 2) The mean based on the consquence of serum albumin measurement is 3.74$\pm$0.11g/dl. 4.26$\pm$0.13g/dl 4.73$\pm$0.06g/dl in the patients with hepatoma hepatits and normal control which are in between the normal range such as 3.5-5.5(g/dl) except the patients with liver cirrhosis(3/05$\pm$0.12g/dl) while the distribution of the patients with hepatoma an liver cirrhosis is showing 27.8% 73.3% which are below the normal one and 55.5%, 52.6% and 26.7% in the patients with hepatoma hepatits and liver cirrhosis which are in the low area of normal range ; as a result It could find that patients. compared with the normal control are in low level in serum albumin measurement. 3) The mean consulting the serum concentration is 430.86$\pm$26.06$\mu\textrm{g}$/1, 192.37$\pm$18.15$\mu\textrm{g}$/1 186.73$\pm$23.99$\mu\textrm{g}$/1, 196.94$\pm$8.94$\mu\textrm{g}$/1 in the patients with hepatoma hepatitis liver cirrhosis and noramal control ; it shows 2.19 times increasing of serum selenium concentra-tion in the patients with hepatoma 'compared with the normal control and patients with hepatoma spread out at a still higher range in serum selenium concentration test. 4) The serum selenium concentration is not quite dependent on sexes and doesn't show any correlation with age, serum protein, serum albumin. The nutrition status of patients, rested on the results of those experiments, stays in low level, which is caused by that they are in low stage of serum protein and serum albu¬min. In serum selenium concentration, patients with hepatitis and liver cirrhosis, specially, show the condition as good as normal control's; while patients with hepatoma are indicating a significant increasing compared with the three groups, which can be reasoned into that there is a possibility for the patients to take selenium and chemotherapy or radiation treatment, and have high serum selenium concentration by poor excreting of seleno methionine, which is caused by low serum protein content And another thing can be reasoned is that the difference in origination mechanism hetween korean and western people. As a result, It showed that the correlation between serum selenium and seses, age, serum protein, and serum albumin neither exists nor affects on each other.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.318-325
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of selenium supplementation of iron accumulation of rats fed diets containing high levels or iron. Sixty male Sprague-Dawley weaning rats were fed with diets containing various levels of iron(adequate : 35ppm, 2-fold : 70ppm, 4-fold : 140ppm) and selenium(adequat : 0.05ppm and high : 0.05ppm) for 12 weeks. Feed intakes of 2-fold and 4-fold iron groups were higher than that of adequate iron group. There was no difference body weight gain across iron and selenium containing diet groups. Hemoglobin level was increasd with iron increment and decreased with selenium supplementation. Iron contents in serum and tissues were increased as iron intake was increased. Liver iron content was decreased with selenium supplementation. Selenium content in liver was decreased with iron increment and increased with selenium supplementation. In the case of iron balance, iron excretion through urine and feces was significantly increased as iron intake was increased. However, apparent absorbability and retention rate of iron were not significantly affected by dietary iron or selenium.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.143-151
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of iron and selenium intakes on utilization of manganese in rats fed adequate, 2-fold, 4-fold iron and adequate, high selenium for 6 weeks. There was no difference feed intake across iron and selenium containing diet groups. Body weight gain in 2-fold iron and high selenium group(MFeHSe) was significantly higher than those in other groups. Serum iron level was increased with iron increment, and liver iron content was decreased with selenium supplementation. Selenium and manganese contents in tissues were decreased with iron increment. In the case of manganese balance, manganese excretion through feces was significantly increased as iron intake was increased. However, retention and apparent absorption of manganese were not significantly affected by dietary iron. From these results, it could be suggested that the supplementations of iron and selenium affected the manganese utilization. Therefore, it must be considered interaction with various minerals in micro-nutrient supplementations.