• Journal of Photoscience
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.205-208
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• 2002

Nitric oxide (NO) is a newly described transmitter involved with cell to cell communication that is generated in biologic tissues by specific types of nitric oxide synthase (NOS), which metabolize L-arginine and molecular oxygen to citrulline and nitric oxide. In the skin. NO has been reported to play an important role in such diseases as psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, and contact dermatitis, as well as act as an important modulator in UVB-induced erythema. Ultraviolet B irradiation to the skin evokes an increase in NO production in the epidermis through two pathways; induction of inducible NOS, mediated by inflammatory cytokines, and elevation of constitutive neuronal NOS activity. In a cell culture system, it has been demonstrated that NO functions as a melanogen after being produced in keratinocytes in response to UVB-irradiation. NO-stimulated melanogenesis in melanocytes is mediated by the cGMP/PKG pathway. In this study, up-regulation of tyrosinase gene expression by NO-stimulation and the involvement of NO in UVB-induced pigmentation were examined. In NO-induced melanogenesis, protein synthesis and tyrosinase activity increased along with an up-regulation of tyrosinase gene expression. In an animal model, UVB-induced pigmentation in skin was suppressed by sequential daily treatments with a specific inhibitor of NOS. Thus, NO plays an important role in UVB-induced pigmentation, where its function as a melanogen is considered to be one of the mechanisms. Together with its role in the development of erythema, NO contributes to the total protective response of skin against UVB-irradiation.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.731-737
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• 2003

Mucinase complex from V. parahaemolyticus ATCC 17802 was purified 6-fold with 0.4% yield by two sequential steps of Q-Sepharose and Superdex 200HR column chromatographies. Partially purified mucinase complex showed at least 8 times higher mucin-degrading activity than the culture filtrates. The mucinase complex also showed gelatin-and-casein-hydrolyzing activities, which demonstrates that the protein is a complex compound containing several proteases. The optimum pH and temperature of partially purified mucinase complex for mucin degradation was 8.0 and $35^{\circ}C$, respectively. The partially purified mucinase complex showed high cytotoxic activity on vero cells when examined by MTT assay and microscopic observations. Cytotoxicity was significantly increased in proportion to the concentration of the mucinase complex. Mouse experiments revealed that the jejunum, ileum. and large intestinal tissues were damaged by the injection of the mucinase complex. In particular, the reduction of the goblet cells in the large intestine was remarkable. Collectively, these data suggest that the mucinase complex partially purified from V. parahaemolyticus ATCC 17802 contributes to the adhesion and invasion of V. parahaemolyticus into the host intestinal tract.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.29 no.11
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• pp.1749-1759
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• 2019

Aspergillus ochraceus biofilm, developed on an inert support, can produce tannase in Khanna medium containing 1.5% (w/v) tannic acid as the carbon source, at an initial pH of 5.0, for 72 h at 28℃. Addition of 0.1% (w/v) yeast extract increased enzyme production. The enzyme in the crude filtrate exhibited the highest activity at 30℃ and pH 6.0. At 50℃, the half-life (T50) was 60 min and it was 260 min at pH 6.0. In general, addition of detergents and surfactants did not affect tannase activity significantly. Tannase has potential applications in various biotechnological processes such as the production of propyl gallate and in the treatment of tannin-rich effluents. The content of tannins and total phenolic compounds in effluents from leather treatment was reduced by 56-83% and 47-64%, respectively, after 2 h of enzyme treatment. The content of tannins and total phenolic compounds in the sorghum flour treated for 120 h with tannase were reduced by 61% and 17%, respectively. Interestingly, the same A. ochraceus biofilm was able to produce tannase for three sequential fermentative process. In conclusion, fungal biofilm is an interesting alternative to produce high levels of tannase with biotechnological potential to be applied in different industrial sectors.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.8-12
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• 1999

New winter wheat winter barley hybrids were produced (Mv9 kr1 Igri, Mv9 kr1 Osnova, Asakazekomugi Manas). The wheat-barley hybrids showed entire male sterility and were multiplied in tissue culture. Chromosome configurations were studied with GISH in meiosis in the Mv9 krl x Igri hybrid and in its progenies multiplied in vitro. Chromosome pairing between wheat and barley has been observed in some cells in the hybrids multiplied in vitro. Backcross plants with 43 and 44 chromosomes were selected with the aim of developing new wheat-barley addition lines. Wheat-barley translocations were demonstrated with GISH in backcross progenies originating from in vitro regenerated wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Chinese Spring) x barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Betzes) hybrids. Five different translocations were observed. Sequential N-banding and GISH analyses were performed to further identify the translocations. The N-banding pattern of the Robertsonian translocation suggests that this chromosome consists of the short arm of barley chromosome 4H translocated to the long arm of 2B of wheat. Plants with four different homozygous translocations were selected from the following BC2F3 generation.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.213-219
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• 2014

Bacillus pumilus 2.g isolated from gembus, an Indonesian fermented soybean cake, secretes several proteases that have strong fibrinolytic activities. A fibrinolytic enzyme with an apparent molecular weight of 20 kDa was purified from the culture supernatant of B. pumilus 2.g by sequential application of ammonium sulfate precipitation, ion-exchange chromatography, and hydrophobic chromatography. The partially purified enzyme was stable between pH 5 and pH 9 and temperature of less than $60^{\circ}C$. Fibrinolytic activity was increased by 5 mM $MgCl_2$ and 5 mM $CaCl_2$ but inhibited by 1 mM phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF), 1 mM sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), and 1 mM ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). The partially purified enzyme quickly degraded the ${\alpha}$ and ${\beta}$ chains of fibrinogen but was unable to degrade the ${\gamma}$ chain.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.1-9
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• 2001

The purpose of this article is to study the design and construction of Anap pond with a comparative study of ancient palace ponds in Korea, China and Japan. Anap pond was excavated in 1975-6 and is the oldest orignal pond to be found among Koran garden sites. Anap pond was made just before Shilla drove out Tang, after Shilla ruined Paekjae and Koguryo with the Tang army. This was a time Shilla enjoyed a multi-cultural situation due to interaction with Paekjae and Koguryo refugees, as well as information provided by the ambassadors sent to Tang who were well aquainted with Tang culture. Anap pond shows the influence of not only the indigenous mountain-god myth, but also the theoretical background common among Korea, China and Japan. But it also depicts the special form of space inbued with the exquisite aesthetic taste of Shilla people, which started with Anap pond hardened in Gaen temple, and which bloomed in Sukgulam. Scenery structure analysis gives a supposition of the center building on the western coatland, and sequential analysis gives the feeling of being at sea, analysised by root square shape analysis, equal ratio square shape and golden section, sow we can see the planned space organization by speculated planning. Thus, Anap pond is a garden of Shilla in which the cultural exchange has been inculturated and made our own, and the special aesthetic taste embodied.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.90-95
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• 1991

A ${\alpha}-galactosidase{\;}({\alpha}-D-galactoside$ galactohydrolase; EC 3.2.1.22) was purified from the culture filtrate of Penicillium purpurogenum by DEAE-cellulose column chromatography, gel filtration of Bio gel p-l00, and subsequent SP-Sephadex C-25 chromatography. The final preparation thus obtained showed a single band on polyacrylamide disc-gel and SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The molecular weight and isoelectric point were determined to be 63,000 and pH 4.0 by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and isoelectric focusing, respectively. The galactosidase exhibited maximum activity at pH 4.5 and $55^{\circ}C$, and was stable between pH 2 and 5, and also stable up to $40^{\circ}C$. The enzyme activity was not affected considerably by treatment with other metal compounds except mercuric chloride and silver nitrate. Copra galactomannan was finally hydrolyzed to galactose, mannose and mannobiose through the sequential actions of the purified galactosidase and mannanase from the same strain. The enzyme hydrolyzed melibiose and raffinose, but not lactose.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.50-61
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• 1997

As one of methodological approaches for objective and systematic evaluation for rural resources, a sequential system for significance determination of resources items was formulated using AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) as the base technique. By the system constructed in this study, the significance values were calculated for all items of standard goal system which had been presented in the first phase- paper of research works for rural resources evaluation. The results analysed and obtained in the study are summarized as follows; 1. In case that the number of resources items for evaluation are relatively large, stepwise matrix method is considered as the better one for pair-comparison works in view of evaluator's convenience and consistency. 2. The significance valuing results for most resources items showed a considerable difference between characteristic areas, especially in aspects of land and human resources, so being considered as wet reflecting the specific areal varieties, 3. On land resources, the items for industrial development and land use showed higher significance value, while natural environment resources the items for ecological varieties and on human resources the items for artificial facilities. However, lower-valued ones were the items for mineral stocks in land resources, for control and protection in natural environment resources and for lower-level culture heritage respectively.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.1106-1111
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• 1999

In a kenel of 62 dogs, 33 were diagnosed as infected dogs Brucella canis by serological test and blood cultures in a large kennel in Chonnam area. Twenty eight of 33 dogs were treated with combined antibiotics therapy consisting of tetracycline and dihydrostregtomycin. After the first treatment, all dogs became abacteremic and serologic titers declined. Abortion due to B canis infection could be prevented by antibiotic therapy during pregnancy. However, sequential antibiotics therapy for 4 weeks did not eradicate B canis from affected bitch. According to results of serological and blood culture tests, effect of antibiotics treatment respectively revealed that 17 of the originally infected dogs were cure with second therapy schedule at 2 months and 27 of that with 6 months after second therapy.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.59 no.4
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• pp.289-298
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• 2016

FK506 hyper-yielding mutant, called the TCM8594 strain, was made from Streptomyces tsukubaensis NRRL 18488 by mutagenesis using N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine, ultraviolet irradiation, and FK506 sequential resistance selection. FK506 production by the TCM8594 strain improved 45.1-fold ($505.4{\mu}g/mL$) compared to that of S. tsukubaensis NRRL 18488 ($11.2{\mu}g/mL$). Among the five substrates, wheat bran was selected as the best solid substrate to produce optimum quantities of FK506 ($382.7{\mu}g/g$ substrate) under solid-state fermentation, and the process parameters affecting FK506 production were optimized. Maximum FK506 yield ($897.4{\mu}g/g$ substrate) was achieved by optimizing process parameters, such as wheat bran with 5 % (w/w) dextrin and yeast extract as additional nutrients, 70 % (v/w) initial solid substrate moisture content, initial medium pH of 7.2, $30^{\circ}C$ incubation temperature, inoculum level that was 10 % (v/w) of the cell mass equivalent, and a 10 day incubation. The results showed an overall 234 % increase in FK506 production after optimizing the process parameters.