• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.39 no.12
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• pp.1753-1760
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• 2010

This study was designed to investigate the protective effects of Sasa borealis leaves on high glucose-induced oxidative stress in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Freeze-dried Sasa borealis leaves were extracted with 70% methanol and followed by a sequential fractionation with dicholoromethan, ethyl acetate, butanol and water. The ethyl acetate fraction from Sasa borealis leaves extract (ESLE) was used in this study because it possessed the strongest antioxidant activity among the various solvent fractions. Exposure of HUVECs to 30 mM high glucose for 48 hr resulted in a significant (p<0.05) decrease in cell viability, glutathion (GSH) concentration, activities of antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dimutase (SOD), glutathion peroxidase (GSH-px) and catalase, and a significant (p<0.05) increase in intracellular ROS and lipid peroxidation formation in comparison to the cells treated with 5.5 mM glucose. ESLE treatment decreased intracellular ROS and lipid peroxidation formation and increased cell viability, GSH concentration and expressions of SOD and catalase in HUVECs. These results suggest that ESLE may be able to protect HUVECs from high glucose-induced oxidative stress, partially through the antioxidative defense systems.

• Proceedings of the Korean Journal of Food and Nutrition Conference
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• 2000.05a
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• pp.1-3
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• 2000

A kind of traditional herbal prescription, Sip-Jeon-Dae-Bo-Tang (TJ-48), has been reported to improve the general condition of cancer patients receiving chemotherapy and /or radiation therapy, and to accelerate hematopoietic recovery from bone marrow injury by mitomycin C. In the present studies, we found that hot-water extract from Atractylodes lancea DC. rhizomes contributed mainly to intestinal immune modulating activity of TJ-48 on Peyer's patch cells mediated-hematopoietic response. After the fractionation, ALR-5 II a-1-1, 5 II b-2-2 and 5 II c-3-1 were further purified from crude polysaccharide fraction. Chemical analyses of each fraction indicated that ALR-5 II a-1-1 mainly contained arabinogalactan fraction whereas ALR-5 II b-2-2 and 5 II c-3-1 mostly comprised pectic polysaccharide fractions as the active polysaccharide ingredients. In order to analyze the essential structure of the activity, ALR-5 II a-1-1 was treated by sequential enzymatic digestion using exo-${\alpha}$-L-arabinofuranosidase and exo-${\beta}$-D-(1\longrightarrow3)-galactanase. Based upon the results of chemical and MALDI-TOF-MS analyses and activity on the digested fractions, the galactosyl side chains consisting of 6-linked Galf and Galp over tetrasaccharide in ALR-5 II a-1-1 might be responsible for the potent intestinal immune modulating activity. To characterize moiety of ALR-5 II c-3-1 for the expression of activity, endo-${\alpha}$-D-(1\longrightarrow4)-polygal acturonase (GL-PGase) purified from dried leaves of Panax ginseng digested ALR-5 II c-3-1. The results of structural analyses and activity on the digested fractions showed that PG-2, which structurally resembles to rhamnogalacturonan II (RG II), and PG-3 (galacturono-oligosaccharides) contained potent intestinal immune modulating activity. Further purification of the other acidic fraction (ALR-5 II b-2-2) indicated that ALR-5 II b-2-2Bb showed that the most potent activity. ALR-5 II b-2-2Bb also contained the unusual component sugars characteristics in RG- II as well as PG-2 derived from ALR-5 II c-3-1, but it could not be digested with GL-PGase. The present studies of relationship between structures and intestinal immune modulating activity of the active polysaccharides purified from A. lancea DC. rhizomes suggested that neutral galactosyl chains consisting mainly of (1\longrightarrow6)-linked Galf and Galp, and RG- II -like moiety with unique component sugars, such as 2-Me-Xyl, 2-Me-Fuc, Api, AceA, Kdo and Dha should play an important role in the potent intestinal immune modulating action of A. lancea DC. rhizomes.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.56 no.1
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• pp.19-28
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• 2017

Polydnaviruses (PDVs) are a group of double-stranded DNA viruses symbiotic to some endoparasitoid wasps. Cotesia plutellae bracovirus (CpBV) is a PDV symbiotic to an endoparasitoid wasp, C. plutellae, parasitizing young larvae of Plutella xylostella. An early expressed gene, CpBV-ELP1, plays an important role in the parasitism by suppressing host cellular immunity by its cytotoxic activity against hemocytes. This study aimed to test its oral toxicity against insect pest by expressing it in a recombinant tobacco plant. A recombinant CpBV-ELP1 protein was produced using a baculovirus expression system and secreted to cell culture medium. The cell cultured media were used to purify CpBV-ELP1 by a sequential array of purification steps: ammonium sulfate fractionation, size exclusion chromatography, and ion exchange chromatography. Purified rCpBV-ELP1 exhibited a significant cytotoxicity against Spodoptera exigua hemocytes. CpBV-ELP1 was highly toxic to the fifth instar larvae of S. exigua by injection to hemocoel. It also showed a significant oral toxicity to fifth instar larvae of S. exigua by a leaf-dipping assay. CpBV-ELP1 was cloned into pBI121 vector under CaMV 35S promoter with opaline synthase terminator. Resulting recombinant vector (pBI121-ELP1) was used to transform Agrobacterium tumefaciens LBA4404. The recombinant bacteria were then used to induce callus of a tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum Xanthi) leaves and subsequent generation (T1) plants were selected. T1 generation tobacco plants expressing CpBV-ELP1 gave significant insecticidal activities against S. exigua larvae. These results suggest that CpBV-ELP1 gene can be used to control insect pests by constructing transgenic crops.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.921-925
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• 2003

To control blood glucose level as close to normal is the major goal of treatment of diabetes mellitus. $\alpha$-glucosidase is the enzyme to digest dietary carbohydrate and inhibition of $\alpha$-glucosidase could suppress postprandial hyperglycemia. The methanol extract of soybean sprout was tested for the inhibitory activities against $\alpha$-glucosidase in vitro. Soybean sprout extract inhibited yeast $\alpha$-glucosidase activity by 24.5% at the concentration of 5 mg/mL. The methanol extract of soybean sprout was subsequently subjected to sequential fractionation with hexane, ethyl acetate, butanol and water. Among the fractions tested ethyl acetate-soluble fraction showed relatively strong inhibition against $\alpha$-glucosidase by 36.3% at the concentration of 5 mg/mL. Acarbose, standard $\alpha$-glucosidase inhibitor, inhibited $\alpha$-glucosidase activity by 40.1%. The ability of soybean sprout extract to lower postprandial glucose was studied in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Starch solution (1 g/kg) with and without the methanol extract of soybean sprout (500 mg/kg) was administered to diabetic rats after an overnight-fast by gastric intubation. A single oral dose of soybean sprout extract inhibited the increase in blood glucose levels significantly at 60, 90, 120, 180 min (p<0.05) and decreased incremental response areas under the glycemic response curve significantly (p<0.05). These results suggest that soybean sprout might exert hypoglycemic effect by inhibiting $\alpha$-glucosidase activity.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.30-34
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• 1986

This study was carried out to determine the heavy metal contents in sluges of Keumho river and her branches. The heavy metal contents of sludge are the highest in Sincheon, Kongdancheon and Dalseocheon among the branches. The large part of heavy metal exists in $0{\sim}5cm$ from sludge surface. The sequential extraction with various reagents showed that the residual and organically bound fraction were the most abundant pool. Decomposition of organic matter caused sludge to release heavy metals. On the extraction of sludge with various solution having different pH, it was found that the lower the pH, the more heavy metal was extracted. However, considerable amount of heavy metal was not extracted even with pH 3 solution.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.25 no.7
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• pp.757-764
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• 2015

The immature fruit of Rubus coreanus Miquel (bokbunja in Korean) is mainly consumed as a fruit wine due to its sour taste and low sugar content. The lees (LBW) remaining after the production of bokbunja wine are discarded as they have no specific usage. The aim of this study was to develop high-value-added biomaterials for functional foods and beauty/health products by investigating the anti-microbial, anti-oxidant, and anti-thrombosis activities of LBW using ethanol and hot water extracts and their subsequent organic solvent fractions. The ethyl acetate (EA) fraction of LBW extracts has a high polyphenol content (413–459 mg/g), and showed strong anti-microbial activity against gram-positive bacteria. The EA fraction also showed excellent radical-scavenging activity against DPPH anion, ABTS cation, and nitrite, with strong reducing power. The polyphenol-enriched EA fraction strongly inhibited thrombin, prothrombin, and blood coagulation factors. The butanol fraction showed a specific inhibition of coagulation factors, as measured in activated partial thromboplastin time assay, which is linked to intrinsic blood coagulation. The butanol fraction also showed strong inhibition of platelet aggregation, at levels comparable to aspirin. The residue of the hot-water extract, which is produced by sequential solvent fractionation of the LBW extract, showed superior inhibition against platelet aggregation when compared to aspirin. Our results suggest that the LBW, which are currently discarded, are a promising source of novel functional foods and beauty/health products.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.219-224
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• 1998

The cyclic metabolism of poly(3-hydroxyhutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) synthesized from glucose by Alcaligenes sp. SH-69 in the presence or absence of new carbon substrate was investigated. In batch culture, the content and weight average molecular weight of the copolymer already stored in the cell decreased rapidly when there was no other carbon source available. After the depletion of carbon source, the amount of high molecular weight copolymer decreased more rapidly than that of low molecular weight copolymer, and as a result, average molecular weight distribution shifted to the lower value. The addition of a mixture of glucose and levulinic acid when the initial carbon substrate, glucose, was nearly depleted supported the continual increase in cell mass and the accumulation of poly(3HB-co-3HV) with high molar fraction of 3HV. However, solvent fractionation of the polymer with acetone revealed the degradation of pre-existing polyhydroxyalkanoale (PHA) in parallel with the synthesis of PHA from new carbon substrate. Even though PHAs obtained from each substrate alone were the copolymer of 3HB and 3HV, it was found that the polymer accumulated in the cells grown by sequential feeding was mainly physical mixture of two poly(3HB-co-3HV) copolymers containing different molar fractions of 3HV.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.769-777
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• 2004

A Helicobacter pylori urease inhibitor from Rubus coreanus Miquel has been isolated and partially characterized for aiming to Prevent H. pylori growth and decrease harmful accumulation of ammonia in human gastric mucosa. We screened urease inhibitory activities in 519 extracts library prepared by solvent extraction from 173 kinds of edible plants, medicinal herbs, herbs and seaweeds using a colorimetric urease assay system. As results of primary and secondary screening, 70% acetone extract of Rubus coreanus Miquel was selected as potent candidate, showing about 24% inhibitory activity. The acetone extract was sequentially partitioned into RCE/RCWI and RCB/RCW2 layers with ethyl acetate and butanol. The major active component in RCW2, water layer from butanol fractionation was revealed to be peptidic or proteinous substance by inhibitory activity determination after pronase digestion and periodate oxidation. RCW2-IIIc a was isolated by sequential column chromatography on DEAE-Toyopearl 650C, Butrl-Toyopearl 650M and Sephadex LH-20. The isolated urease inhibitor RCW2-IIIc $\alpha$, was highly pure proteinous substance with molecular weight of 13kDa by high-performance gel permeation liquid chromatography. RCW2-IIIc$\alpha$ has about 5 times higher inhibitory activity than 70％ acetone extract, showing high stability against heat treatment and peptic digestion.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.151-160
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• 2021

2:1 clay minerals such as smectite incorporating ammonium were extracted to investigate the ammonium behavior and nitrogen isotope characteristics for two different sediment cores which were collected from shimmering sites on seafloor of the Wakamiko crater, southwestern Japan. Inorganic nitrogen contents in clay fraction were estimated by calibration curve based on consistently decreasing carbon and nitrogen ratio during the treatment to decompose organic materials, after removing inorganic carbon. The results show that the proportions of inorganic nitrogen for total nitrogen in clay fraction of SWS site(Core#1094MR: av. 18.2%) are higher than those in SES site(Core#1093MG: av. 11.5%). Relatively good crystallinity of the former suggests that exchangeable ammonium was transformed to non-exchangeable ammonium during more evolving diagenetic process. Nitrogen isotope variance of clay fraction(SES site: Core#1093MG: -4.4 ~ +0.2 ‰, av. -2.4 ‰; SWS site: Core#1094MR: -0.7 ~ +3.0 ‰, av. +1.5 ‰) during sequential decomposition of exchangeable ammonium suggests that heat flow derived from deep magma led to nitrogen isotope fractionation between dissolved ammonium and ammonia in the fluids involved in the formation of 2:1 clay mineral incorporating ammonium with local temperature variation.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.125-134
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• 2022

This study investigated whether or not the major bioactive compounds of Noni (Morinda citrifolia) are involved in anti-inflammatory activity through the JAK/STAT upper signaling pathway in RAW 264.7 cells. The experimental results show that the M. citrifolia ethyl acetate fraction (Mc-EtOAc) obtained by sequential fractionation with organic solvents from the plant's dried fruits exhibits the highest antioxidant activity. In addition, the cytoprotective effects of Mc-EtOAc against H₂O₂-induced oxidative stress in the RAW 264.7 cells suppressed cytotoxicity in a dose-dependent manner. The group pretreated with Mc-EtOAc at a concentration of 240 ㎍/ml showed higher cell viability of 84.5%, compared to 71.6% in the LPS-treated group, and LPS-induced NO production decreased to half the amount in the positive control group. Mc-EtOAc treatment also led to a significant dose-dependent reduction in iNOS expression. Although COX-2 expression was increased by 300% following LPS induction, it was significantly decreased in a dose-dependent manner by pretreatment with Mc-EtOAc at concentrations of 120 and 240 ㎍/ml. An inhibition of the mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and TNF-α was observed. The investigation also revealed that the phosphorylation levels of pJAK1 and pSTAT3 in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells were significantly reduced by Mc-EtOAc treatment.