• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.195-204
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• 2018

A pilot scale study was conducted on a down-flow hanging sponge (DHS) reactor installed at a sewage treatment plant in Banda Aceh, Indonesia for treatment of desludging septic tank wastewater. Raw wastewater with an average biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and total suspended solids of 139 mg/L and 191 mg/L, respectively, was pumped into the reactor. Two different hydraulic retention times (HRTs, 3 h and 4 h) were investigated, equivalent to organic loadings of 1.11 and $0.78kg\;BOD/m^3/d$, respectively. The average BOD concentration in the final effluent was 46 and 26 mg/L at HRTs of 3 and 4 h, respectively. The concentration of retained sludge along the reactor height was 10.2-18.7 g VSS/L-sponge, and the sludge activities were 0.24-0.32 and 0.04-0.40 mg/g VSS/h for heterotrophs and nitrification, respectively. Values of water hold-up volume, dispersion coefficient, and number of tank in-series found from tracer studies of clean sponge and biomass-loaded sponge confirmed that growth of retained sludge on the sponge module improved hydraulic performance of the reactor. Adoption of the DHS reactor by this Indonesian sewage treatment plant would enhance the role of the current desludging septic tank wastewater treatment system.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.274-278
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• 2006

Lateral malleolar bursitis rarely progresses to septic arthritis. In our case, the 27 year old man visited due to progressive left ankle pain, despite the antibiotics treatment of lateral malleolar bursitis. 8 years ago, modified Brostrom procedure was performed owing to chronic ankle instability. Previous surgery altered anatomical structure of lateral ankle bursa, so it may cause the infection to spread to the ankle joint. We reported rare case of secondary septic arthritis caused by lateral malleolar bursitis.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.58 no.1
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• pp.73-77
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• 2005

Lemierre syndrome is characterized by an acute oropharyngeal infection with secondary septic thrombophlebitis of the internal jugular vein and frequent metastatic infections such as septic pulmonary emboli and suppurative arthritis. In the preantibiotic era, this condition generally had a fatal outcome. The presentation is so distinctive that a clinical diagnosis is possible in most cases, and a cure is expected with the appropriate therapy in the majority of patients. We present a case report of Lemierre syndrome with a review of the relevant literature.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.34 no.8
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• pp.644-647
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• 2001

Lamierre's syndrome is characterized by a rare fulminant condition resulting from primary oropharyngeal infection followed by secondary septic thrombophlebitis of the internal jugular vein and metastatic infection. A forty-year-old man who had been on ventilator due to servere chest trauma, showed severe reddish inflammatory swelling of the right cervical soft tissue and newly developed pneumonia. He went into in septic condition shortly thereafter. Thrombophlebitis with central abscess in the right internal jugular vein was identified by neck CT and MRA(magnetic resonance angiography). Right cervical swelling worsened in spite of clindamycin and heparin therapy. We performed immediate surgery for removal of septic thrombus and resection of internal jugular vein. Patient's septic condition, pneumonia, and local inflammatory reaction were improved within several days after surgery.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.32 no.3A
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• pp.171-181
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• 2012

The design of high strength underground septic tank stiffened by steel pipe is presented and the ultimate behavior is investigated according to the full scale experiments for three types of specimens. The limitation of the current design specification are pointed out and the general design procedure of private sewage treatment facility are newly developed considering thickness of FRP shell, types of steel pipe stiffer and diaphragm wall. The direct tensile and bending test for FRP material of septic tank were performed. The increase effect of ultimate strength due to the circular steel pipe are investigated by the full scale field test and compared with the results by the finite element analysis.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.56-62
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• 2000

This study was introduced an amalgamated septic tank system using mineral sintered body was made from non-metallic minerals with a ability being attached or accelerating a vitality of soil microorganism for the effective wastewater treatment. Experimentally, we made an amalgamated septic tank appling anaerobic-aerobic process experimental facilities to two personal houses for handling a residental sewage directly on a small scale from the place of origin. The results are shown as follows; The COD\ulcorner and BOD of effluent were about 10 mg/l after the treatments and T-N removal efficiency was 60-70%. Moreover these results suggested the possibility of denitrification without adding organics and more than 80% of T-P removal also showed the possibility of wastewater treatment biologically.

• Journal of the Korean Orthopaedic Association
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.67-71
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• 2019

Klebsiella pneumoniae causes that liver abscess mostly, also spread to pneumonia, meningitis, urinary tract infections. Septic arthritis caused by K. pneumoniae is a quite rare and has not been reported in Korea. Therefore, the authors report a case of the septic arthritis in the knee joint caused by K. pneumoniae in a patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus and osteoarthritis of the knee that successfully treated by early detection and arthroscopic synovectomy.

• Journal of the Korean Orthopaedic Association
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.97-102
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• 2017

The incidence of septic arthritis after knee arthroscopy surgery has rarely been reported in approximately 0.04% to 3.4%. Moreover, septic arthritis after arthroscopic meniscal repair is more rare. There have been some reported cases, but in Korea, it has not been reported thus far. Herein, we report two cases of septic arthritis after arthroscopic meniscal repair with review of literature.

• BMB Reports
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.112-119
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• 2000

Three kinds of serine protease inhibitors, members of the Bowman-Birk trypsin inhibitor, were purified from Dolichos lablab seeds and named Dolichos protease inhibitor 1, 2 and 3 (DI-1, DI-2 and DI-3), respectively. Each inhibitor showed a single band with gel mobility at around 15.9, 12.1 and 14.6 kDa on 20% SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions. To characterize inhibitory specificity, the inhibition constant (Ki) for these inhibitors was measured against several known serine proteases. All three Dolichos protease inhibitors (DI-1, DI-2 and DI-3) inhibited the activity of trypsin and plasmin, but had no effect on thrombin and kallikrein (either for human plasma kallikrein or for porcine pancreas kallikrein). DI-1 inhibited chymotrypsin most effectively (Ki = $3.6{\times}10^{-9}\;M$), while DI-2 displayed inhibitory activity for porcine pancreatic elastase (Ki = $6.2{\times}10^{-8}\;M$). Pre-treatment of the 33 mg/kg of DI-mixture (active fractions from $C_{18}$ open column chromatography that included DI-1, DI-2 and DI-3) inhibited the induction of pseudomonal elastase-induced septic hypotension and prevented an increase in bradykinin generation in pseudomonal elastase-treated guinea pig plasma. Also, the increase of kallikrein activity, by injection of pseudomonal elastase, was inhibited by the pretreatment of the DI-mixture in a guinea pig. Since the DI-mixture had no inhibitory effect on kallikrein activity when Z-Phe-Arg-MCA was used as a substrate in vitro, its inhibitory activity in the pseudomonal elastase-induced septic hypotension model might not be due to a direct inhibition of plasma kallikrein in the activation cascade of the Hageman factor and prekallikrein system. These results suggest that the Dolichos DI-mixture might be used as an inhibitor in pathogenic bacterial protease-induced septic shock.

• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.138-141
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• 1999

Purpose : This study was to evaluate the effectiveness of arthroscopic management for septic elbows. Materials and Methods : The subjects were 7 patients ranged in age from 6 to 32 years. All patients were diagnosed as having septic arthritis of the elbow after arthrocentesis. Emergency arthroscopic lavage, debridement, and selective synovectomy for infective and necrotic tissue were performed. All patients had a follow-up period of more than 12 months by checking leukocyte count, ESR, CRP and range of motion. Results : For children, we found a return to normal of laboratory tests for infection after an average of 8.4 days while for adults, it required 12.3 days. After 12 months all patients showed normal elbow function as well as normal blood tests. Conclusion : We found arthroscopic management for septic arthritis of the elbows made it possible to visualize the pathologic findings directly and protect further articular damage. In conclusion, arthroscopic management is one of the efficient methods for controlling the joint infection.