• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.197-211
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to examine the image of dental hygienists. The subjects in the study were 396 patients and their caregivers who visited 14 dental hospitals and dentists' offices in and around Seoul. After a survey was conducted, the following findings were given: 1. The people investigated gave a mean of 4.0 to the image of dental hygienists. Dental hygienists rated highest in terms of looking neat and tidy(4.33), and were given the lowest marks in arbitrary job performance(3.46). 2. There appeared four different types of dental hygienist images, which made a 59.824 prediction of the image of dental hygienists in general. A typical image(4.11) was most dominant, followed by professional one(4.07), personal one(4.01) and social one(3.73). 3. The relations between the general characteristics of the respondents and their image of dental hygienists could be described as below: 1) By age, those who were in their 60s(4.12) had the best image of dental hygienists, and the teenagers(3.90) had the worst image of them. 2) By gender, the men(4.05) looked at dental hygienists more positively than the women(3.96). They had a significantly different opinion on the social image of dental hygienists according to gender(pE0.05). 3) By marital status, the married people(4.00) had a better image of dental hygienists than the unmarried ones(3.95). 4) As for the influence of the type of dental institutions, they had a more favorable image of dental hygienists in dentists' offices(4.13) than in dental hospitals(3.88). There was a broad significant difference in the way they looked at the professional and personal images of dental hygienists according to the type of dental institutions(pE0.001). 5) As to the impact of educational level, those who received community-college or higher education(4.01) had the best image of dental hygienists, and those who received middle-school or lower education(3.91) had the worst image of them. 6) By occupation, the government workers and students(4.07) had the best image of dental hygienists, and the company employees(3.90) had the worst image of them. They took a significantly different view of the social image of dental hygienists according to occupation(pE0.05). 7) Concerning the impact of the frequency of receiving dental treatment, the respondents who had received it seven times or more(4.16) had the best image of dental hygienists, and those who hadn't(3.79) the worst image of them. There was a wide significant gap according to that frequency. The way they looked at the typical, social and professional images of dental hygienists was quite different significantly according to that frequency as well(pE0.001). 8) As for the influence of whether they were accompanied by caregivers or not, the people who weren't accompanied by caregivers(3.99) had a better image of dental hygienists than those who were(3.97).

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.203-208
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• 1978

A study was made on the changes in Acid Value (AV) and Peroxide Value (POV) of the Mackerel ordinary muscle during low temperature storage. Three different samples were used-natural (control), ascorbic acid (As. A)-added and NaCl-added. The samples were stored at the temperature of $-15^{\circ}C$ during 75days immediately after quick freezing at $-23^{\circ}C$ The change in the amount of fatty acids was also measured by means of GLC method. 1. In comparison with the control, the As. A -added showed lower AV and POV, whereas the Nacl-added gave higher values. 2. Among the various fatty acids, which are constituents of the fish lipids, the amount of palmitic acid (16:0), stearic acid (18:0), and oleic acid (18:1) had been increased during the storage, while there had been steady decrease in the amounts of unsaturated fatty acid such as linolenic acid (18:3), arachidonic acid (20:4), clupanodonic acid (22:5), and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6). 3. For the first 30 days after freezing, the decreasing rates of the amounts of docosahexaenoic acid in three samples of the As. A-added, the control, and the NaCl-added-were 7%, 14% and 36% respectively. However, after 45 days these samples showed the same decreasing rates of more than 57 percent.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.384-388
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• 2001

The selenium (Se) contents of 20 herbs, harvested in three areas in Korea, were analyzed. Many herbs had no Se. Angelica ($138.4{\mu}g \;Se{\cdot}kg^{-1}$ FW), caraway ($167.8{\mu}g \;Se{\cdot}kg^{-1}$ FW), chamomile ($116.6{\mu}g \;Se{\cdot}kg^{-1}$ FW), marjoram (158.7 and $132.6{\mu}g\;Se{\cdot}kg^{-1}$ FW), and oregano ($62.5{\mu}g\;Se{\cdot}kg^{-1}$ FW) accumulated Se as higher concentration compared with other plants. The Se content of herbs was dependent on the species, cultivars and areas. The status of Se uptake by herbs was investigated according to Se concentrations in hydroponics. During four weeks, before harvest of several herbs in greenhouse, sodium selenate ($Na_2SeO_4$) was added to the nutrient solution at concentrations of 2, 4, 6, and $8mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$. Field-mint accumulated Se too high, but external symptom of Se toxicity was not found. Essential oil content was generally proportionated to treated-Se concentration. The essential oil contents in basil and balm increased two to three times higher by sodium selenate treatment compared to non-treatment, but they did not show any linear relationship between essential oil contents and treated-Se concentration.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.243-251
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• 2010

Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate how nurses who take care of terminal patients perceive fluid therapy and how this therapy is currently being used in hospitals. Methods: This survey included 200 nurses, 87 of whom were working in the oncology units of 3 university hospitals in Seoul, Korea, and 113 were working in 18 hospice centers. The data for this study were collected by means of structured questionnaires and analyzed by using the Statistical Analysis System software. The differences in perception towards fluid therapy between nurses working in oncology units and those working in hospice centers were examined using the $x^2$ test and analysis of covariance. Results: Fluid therapy was perceived more negatively by the nurses from hospice centers than by those from oncology units. Continuous subcutaneous infusion was used in hospice centers, but not in oncology units. In addition, the average amount of fluid infused daily differed significantly between the oncology units and hospice centers. Conclusion: Our results show that there were differences in the perception towards fluid therapy between nurses in different clinical settings. Nurses caring for terminal and palliative care patients should not simply provide or withhold fluid therapy, but rather develop a wider range of views on fluid therapy, focusing on effective alternative interventions.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.105-117
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• 2005

Following intracoronary stenting, antiplatelet therapy lead to greater protection from thrombotic complication. A few data are available about the effect of clopidogrel versus cilostazol, an antiplatelet commonly used after intracoronary stenting. To evaluate the efficacy and safety of clopidogrel plus aspirin compared with those of cilostazol plus aspirin in coronary stenting and to evaluate the efficacy of clopidogrel loading dose prior to coronary stealing in clopidogrel group. Data were retrospectively collected from medical charts of patients who had undergone coronary stenting and received either clopidogrel with or without loading 300 mg followed by 75 mg/d (n=58), or 200 mg/d cilostazol(n=72) for 1 year, between January 2000 and May 2002. All patients in both groups received aspirin 200 mg/d throughout the study. The primary endpoints at 7, 30, 180 and 365 days after stealing were the composite of death, Myocardial Infarction, stroke, angina, and revascularization in the intent to treat population and restenosis at follow up angiography. The secondary endpoints were the incidence of bleeding complications at 7, 30, and 365 days, and durg adverse effects at 365 days after stenting. At 180 and 365 days after stenting, the combined primary endpoints were significantly reduced in clopidogrel plus aspirin group (relative risk 0.39; 95% CI 0.17 to 0.92; p=0.021, RR 0.43; 95% CI 0.22 to 0.84; p=0.0085, respectively). However, the combined primary endpoints were not significantly different between the two groups at 7 and 30 days (p:1.00, p=0.79, respectively). Angiographic restenosis rate was 14.3% in clopidogrel plus aspirin uoup and 32.1% in cilostazol plus aspirin group (p=0.19). 300mg of clopidogrel loading dose did not significantly reduce the combined primary endpoints at 30 days after stenting (RR 0.14; 95% CI 0.01 to 2.65; p=0.23). The rate of bleeding complications and drug adverse effects were not different between the two groups. In patients undergoing intracoronary stenting, clopidogrel plus aspirin therapy is more beneficial than cilostazol plus aspirin in reducing major adverse cardiac events with similar rate of bleeding complication. A loading dose of clopidogrel did not lead to a statistically significant reduction in major adverse cardiac events.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.148-153
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• 2015

Allium hookeri is a plant species native to India, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, and China. The plant is widely cultivated in Korea lately as a medicinal food item. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of Allium hookeri (A. hookeri) on lipid metabolism in Type II diabetic mice (n=8/group, 5 groups). High fat diets with dextrin as a positive control (Dex), leaf (AL), root (AR), and fermented root (FAR) at 3% of diet were fed to all experimental mouse, respectively for 8 weeks. Body weight gain, liver and epididymal fat weights, and excreted fecal lipid levels were measured. Serum and hepatic lipid profiles were analyzed, and fat accumulation in liver was evaluated. In this study, body weight gain and epididymal fat weight were lower in the FAR group, while serum HDL-cholesterol level and excreted fecal total lipid and triglyceride levels were higher in AL or FAR groups. These results suggest that A. hookeri, specially fermented root can be a useful food item to control lipid metabolism in diabetic mice.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.23-43
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship of career indecision, job search behavior, and p-j/p-o fit among college graduates based on sub-scales of career indecision (lack of career information, lack of self-clarity, decisiveness, lack of necessity recognition, external Barrier). This study explored the effect of career indecision on job search behavior and p-j/p-o fit and the effect of job search behavior on p-j/p-o fit in longitudinal method. The main results were as follows: 1) Career indecision had negative effect on job search behavior and p-j/p-o fit. In other words, the higher career indecision level is, the less job search behavior is performed. And the higher career indecision level is, the lower p-j/p-o fit perception is: 2) Career indecision was connected with preparatory job search behavior and informal job search behavior: 3) Decisiveness of career indecision was connected with p-j/p-o fit and lack of self-clarity was connected with p-j fit. 4) Job search behavior was not connected with p-j/p-o fit. Thus job search behavior didn't have prerequisite for mediator between career indecision and p-j/p-o fit. The findings are discussed in terms of the implications for further research.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.11
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• pp.35-41
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• 1969

In order to determine proper ratio of wheat to soybean of soysauce koji material for Korean people's taste, sensory evaluation for the soysauces made from soysauce kojis with various above-mentioned ratio and analysis of chemical components through the brewing period of six months were carried out. The results obtained were summarized as follows: 1. The specific gravity of all the soysauces increased gradually as the time passed and had maximum values in two months with nearly constant values thereafter. Concerning soybean/wheat-ratio, generally, the higher soybean/wheat-ratio, the lower specific gravity was observed but when this ratio was higher than 10 : 6, the gravity was on the similar levels. 2. The solid material in all the soysauces increased in the earlier stage and there were no significant differences among the treatments but soysauces without wheat had a little low content. 3. The lesser amount of wheat as raw material was, the higher contents of total nitrogen were and the contents of total nitrogen in the every ratio of raw material increased parallely as the mash ages. 4. The amino-nitrogen levels were found to have the simllar tendency to total nitroghen levels. 5. The reducing sugar content was higher in the soysauces with more-wheat and increased rapidly up to the maximum level in two months and then the higher wheat/soybean-ratio was, the slower decrease of the sugar content was observed. 6. The maximum total acidity was observed in the soysauces with 10; 4-6 (soybean/wheat-ratio) and increased similary in all the soysauces throughout the period. 7. According to the sensory evaluation, the short (2-3 months) fermented soysauces showed best taste when soybean/wheat-ratio was 10 : 8 and 10 : 6 if diluted, but in long (4-6 months) fermented soysauces it was 10 : 6 and 10 : 4 if diluted.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.729-735
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• 2010

In our previous study, it was reported that an herbal mixture, SH21B, inhibits fat accumulation and adipogenesis both in vitro and in vivo models of obesity. SH21B is a mixture composed of seven herbs: Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, Prunus armeniaca Maxim, Ephedra sinica Stapf, Acorus gramineus Soland, Typha orientalis Presl, Polygala tenuifolia Willd, and Nelumbo nucifera Gaertner (Ratio 3:3:3:3:3:2:2). The aim of this study was to investigate the detailed molecular mechanisms of the effects of SH21B on various regulators of the adipogenesis pathway. During the adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 cells, SH21B significantly decreased the expression levels of central transcription factors of adipogenesis, such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)$\gamma$ and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP)$\alpha$. To elucidate the detailed molecular mechanism of the anti-adipogenic effects of SH21B, we examined the expression levels of the various pro-adipogenic or anti-adipogenic regulators of adipogenesis upstream of $PPAR{\gamma}$ and C/$EBP{\alpha}$. The mRNA levels of Krox20 and Kruppel-like factor (KLF) 15, which are pro-adipogenic regulators, were significantly down-regulated by SH21B treatment, whereas the mRNA levels of C/$EBP{\gamma}$ and KLF5 were not changed. KLF2 and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), which are anti-adipogenic regulators, were significantly up-regulated by SH21B treatment. These results suggest that the molecular mechanism of the anti-adipogenic effect of SH21B involves both the down-regulations of pro-adipogenic regulators, such as Krox20 and KLF15, and the up-regulations of anti-adipogenic regulators, such as KLF2 and CHOP, which results in the suppression of central transcription factors of adipogenesis including $PPAR{\gamma}$ and C/$EBP{\alpha}$.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.129-135
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• 2002

Objective : The primary objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of HBsAg-positives in the late 1990's among Korean adults. In addition, we evaluated the association of age, a residential area, a vaccination rate, a family history of chronic liver diseases and a past history of acute liver disease with the seropositivity of HBsAg, and estimated the prevalence of chronic HBV infection by follow-up for 6 month or more. Methods : A total of 10 areas, six metropolitan and four small cities, were selected. In each cities, one health screening center was selected for recruitment of study subjects. The study subjects were enrolled from a general health examination program that is provided by medical insurance companies. Questionnaires on various risk factors were administered to the study subjects. Sera was drawn and tested for HBsAg by radioimmunoassay. HBeAg and ALT were also tested for those of HBsAg positive. The HBsAg positives was retest for HBsAg 6 months later Results : Among the study subjects (n= 1816), the seroprevalence of HBsAg was 5.5% (95% CI=4.5%-6.6%), 7.4% in men (95% CI=5.8-9.4) and 3.6% in women (95% CI=2.5-5.0). A past history of acute liver disease and a family history of chronic liver diseases was shown to be risk factors for HBsAg positivity. Among the 31 HBsAg-positives, negative seroconversion rate was estimated to be 3.2%, Thus, prevalence of chronic HBV infection was estimated to be 5.3% (95% CI=3.7-6.6). Conclusion : In this study, the HBsAg seroprevalence rate was lower than that of the other studies in 1980's, particularly in young adult and women. Considering the public health importance of liver cancer and chronic liver diseases, the further effort is needed to prevent and reduce the HBV infection.