• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.509-514
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• 2009

The effectiveness of a technique for binding rice-washed solution with trimethylamine (TMA) was investigated in this study. The mixtures of TMA and rice-washed solution were quantified using an electronic nose based on the mass spectrometer. After 7 min of reaction in a model system, the binding of TMA to the rice-washed solution was detected. As the concentration of rice-washed solution increased, the levels of TMA detected in the headspace decreased, thereby indicating an increase in the binding of TMA to the rice-washed solution. The binding effect of the rice-washed solution was comparable to those of starch, ${\alpha}$-cyclodextrin, or amylose, and superior to that of flour. The results of this study demonstrate the potential for reduction of off-flavors using the rice-washed solution.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.527-532
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• 2020

Seoul terminal maneuvering area (TMA) that includes Incheon International Airport (ICN) and Gimpo International Airport is a very congested airspace with around 1,000 daily flights and the airspace blocked at the boundary between Incheon flight information region (FIR) and Pyongyang FIR. Consequently, with frequency radar vectorings, separation assurance in this airspace is complicated thus resulting in higher controller workload. In this paper, the conflict and collision risks in Seoul TMA are analyzed using recorded ADS-B data for past three years. Using the recorded trajectories, original flight plan procesures and routes are reconstructed and the risks are quantified using detect and avoid well clear (DWC) metric that is developed for large unmanned aircraft system. The region west of ICN was found to be the highest risk area regardless of the runway directions. In addition, merge and crossing points between procedures displayed relatively high risks.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.512-522
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• 2009

In this study, the removal efficiency of trimethylamine (TMA) and four reduced sulfur compounds (RSC) of $H_2S$, $CH_3SH$, DMS, and DMDS was investigated using deionized water as absorbent. To this end, two types of experiments were conducted which include: (1) by passing both RSC and TMA standard gases through water contained in an impinger system and (2) by passing TMA gases through a water spray system. In the former method, TMA standard gases were effectively removed (below detection limit) in all experiments. Likewise, minor fractions of some RSC ($CH_3SH$, DMS, and DMDS) were removed by water in line with theoretical expectations. In addition, the first type of our experiment was extended further to test some commercially available odor treatment products. The results of this test showed that removal efficiencies of RSC $(8.2\pm13.7\sim43.7\pm2.48%)$ were different significantly among 4 kinds of absorbent, while the removal of TMA was consistently good as water. In the second phase of experiment, removal efficiency of TMA was tested by passing its standard gas through a water spray system. The overall results of our study showed that the actual removal efficiency of odorants by water (as sorptive media) approached the values that can be predicted theoretically (by Henry's law).

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.126-130
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• 1979

The suppressing effects of vinegar and ginger for fish odor were investigated by sensory test and gas chromatography. According to the results of sensory test. the fishy odor gradually decreased as the vinegar concentration increased. But the addition of more than 16m1 of vinegar per 100 g of mackerel tasted very sour and tough. The addition of 6 ml of vinegar 100go of mackerel tasted acceptable, TMA content of 100 g of mackerel was found to be $0.4{\sim}0.7{\;}mg$. It was identified by gas chromatography that the TMA content reduced as the vinegar concent ration increased. The amount of TMA in the mixture of TMA and phenolic fraction of ginger was reduced to 67.5 % after standing 4 hours.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.6-10
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• 1982

To investigate the effect of organic acids on suppression of fishy odor, the change of the odor and the remaining amount of trimethyamine (TMA), selected as the representative component of fishy odor in clam pickle (15.5% NaCl) were examined by sensory evaluation and gas chromatography. The fishy odor linearly decreased as the amount of vinegar increased at ${\alpha}=0.01$, but there was no significant difference of fishness score for the changes of storage period and kinds of acid. Overall acceptability score was found to be the best when 8 ml vinegar added to 100g clam pickle. The remaining amount of TMA showed the tendency to decrease as the amount of acetic acid and storage time increased and kinds of acid were changed in order of acetic, malic and citric acid. However when $4\;{\mu}l/ml$ acetic acid (=8 ml vinegar/100g clam pickle) was added, the percentage of the remaining amount of TMA showed little decrease from about 95% for 72 hours of storage time. From the results of sensory evaluation and gas chromatography, it was considered that acids have the effect on suppression of fishy odor by producing non-volatile salts by combining with TMA chemically and that the effect of acids on suppression of fishy odor is mainly due to the masking effect at the concentration commonly used.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.21 no.12
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• pp.1089-1099
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• 2015

This paper proposes vision-based collision risk estimation method for an unmanned surface vehicle. A robust image-processing algorithm is suggested to detect target obstacles from the vision sensor. Vision-based Target Motion Analysis (TMA) was performed to transform visual information to target motion information. In vision-based TMA, a camera model and optical flow are adopted. Collision risk was calculated by using a fuzzy estimator that uses target motion information and vision information as input variables. To validate the suggested collision risk estimation method, an unmanned surface vehicle experiment was performed.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.9-12
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• 2005

Purpose: This study is to compare the medial longitudinal arch between heel pain group and normal painless group. Materials and Methods: Heel pain group 242 feet and normal group 140 feet were evaluated through the radiographic images of standing foot-ankle lateral view. Four radiographic indices, talo-1stmetatarsal angle (TMA), calcaneal-1st metatarsal angle (CMA), calcaneal pitch angle (CPA), and arch ratio (AR), were used as well as BMI. Results: There was no difference between heel pain group and normal group in the TMA, CMA, CPA, and AR. But in the BMI, heel pain group showed $1.7\;kg/m^2$ (p=0.0002) higher than normal group. To eliminate the sexual error, male and female were evaluated separately. Male heel pain group showed 2.9 degrees more dorsiflexion (p=0.001) in the TMA, 3.1 degrees greater (p=0.007) in the CMA, 0.01 lower (p=0.028) in the AR, and $1.0\;kg/m^2$ greater (p=0.033) in the BMI than normal male group. There were no difference in the CPA. Female heel pain group showed 3.6 degree greater (p=0.035) in the CMA, and $1.9\;kg/m^2$ greater (p=0.002) in the BMI than normal female group. But other indices demonstrated no differences. Conclusion: talo-$1^{st}$ metatarsal angle, calcaneal-$1^{st}$ metatarsal angle and arch ratio were radiographic indices related with heel pain.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.158-164
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• 2006

Offensive odor from CAFO(concentrated animal feeding operation) and its control have become a significant issue in Korea. Control of odors from the CAFO requires to identify major odorant and their generation mechanisms. In this study, an easy method to collect gas sample and to quantify its odorants is proposed. The method involves on-site odorant extraction with solid-phase microextraction and quantitation with GC/MSD or GC/FID. Analytes of the current study include: trimethylamine(TMA), carbon disulfide($CS_2$), dimethyl sulfide(DMS), dimethyl disulfide(DMDS), acetic acid(AA), propionic acid(PA) and n-butyric acid(BA). The resulting linearity($R^2$) of calibration curve for each analyte was good over the range from several ppbv to ppmv; 0.984 for TMA(0.056-1.437), 0.996 for $CS_2$(0.039-0.999), 0.994 for DMS(0.029-0.756), 0.995 for DMDS(0.024-0.623), 0.992 for AA(0.068-1.314), 0.955 for PA(0.047-0.940), and 0.976 for BA(0.036-0.712). Method detection limits were 5.67, 6.39, 5.78, 25.2, 0.098, 0.363 and 0.099 ppbv for AA, PA, BA, TMA, DMS, $CS_2$, and DMDS, respectively. With the developed method, odorants from poultry, swine, and cattle barns were analysed. All the compounds but DMDS were detected from the sample collected in the poultry barn, and their levels exceeded the representative published human olfactory threshold.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.662-668
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• 2005

To investigate the quality retention method of salted and semi-dried mackerel fillets, pH, volatile basic nitrogen (VBN), trimethylamine (TMA) and total bacterial counts in the fillets that were UV treated for 1, 3, and 4 hr were periodically measured during 48 days of refrigerated storage. The moisture, crude protein, crude lipid, and ash contents were 45.46 %, 18.87 %, 33.75 %, and 2.99 %, respectively. The freshness as determined by pH measurement could be maintained up to 25 days for the control and 31 days for the UV-treated fillets. VBN contents were continually increased over the storage time. The control reached the initial putrid level after 21 days while the UV-treated fillets after $25{\sim}31$ days. A similar tendency was shown for the changes of trimethylamine TMA contents, although the period differed slightly and the increase of the UV treatment time could decrease the TMA contents. The changes on the total bacterial counts of the fillets were maintained under 105 CFU/g during 48days. Especially, due to the effective decrease of the microorganism count by UV treatment at the beginning of the storage, UV -treated fillets showed lower bacterial counts than control over the whole period. E. coli. and Listeria were not detected in any fillets. Combining the above data and the sensory changes, the storage period of the fillets could be prolonged from 15 days at present to 30 days by UV treatments.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.80-88
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• 2014

Previous studies have reported that decreased cognitive ability has been consistently associated with significant declines in performance of one or both tasks under a dual-task walking condition. This study examined the relationship between specific cognitive abilities and the dual-task costs (DTCs) of spatio-temporal gait parameters in stroke patients. The spatio-temporal gait parameters were measured among 30 stroke patients while walking with and without a cognitive task (Stroop Word-Color Task) at the study participant's preferred walking speed. Cognitive abilities were measured using Computerized Neuropsychological Testing. Pearson's correlation coefficients (r) were calculated to quantify the associations between the neuropsychological measures and the DTCs in the spatio-temporal gait parameters. Moderate to strong correlations were found between the Auditory Continuous Performance test (ACPT) and the DTCs of the Single Support Time of Non-paretic (r=.37), the Trail Making A (TMA) test and the DTCs of Velocity (r=.71), TMA test and the DTCs of the Step Length of Paretic (r=.37), TMA test and the DTCs of the Step Length Non-paretic (r=.36), the Trail Making B (TMB) test and the DTCs of Velocity (r=.70), the Stroop Word-Color test and the DTCs of Velocity (r=-.40), Visual-span Backward (V-span B) test and the DTCs of Velocity (r=-.41), V-span B test and the DTCs of the Double Support Time of Non-paretic (r=.38), Digit-span Forward test and the DTCs of the Step Time of Non-paretic (r=-.39), and Digit-span Backward test and the DTCs of the Single Support Time of Paretic (r=.36). Especially TMA test and TMB test were found to be more strongly correlated to the DTCs of gait velocity than the other correlations. Understanding these cognitive features will provide guidance for identifying dual- task walking ability.