• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.407-415
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• 2012

Pinus pumila, which occurs in the northeast Asia, is found limitedly in Daecheongbong area of Mt. Seorak in the South Korea. This population was chosen to study spatial pattern, genetic diversity and spatial genetic structure. There were 48 polymorphic and 30 monomorphic I-SSR markers. A total of 65 individuals which distributed in the study site (40 m ${\times}$ 70 m) showed weakly aggregate distribution (Aggregate Index = 0.871). A total of 40 genets were observed from 65 individuals through I-SSR genotype comparison. Proportion of distinguishable genotype (G/N), genotype diversity (D) and genotype evenness (E) were 61.5%, 0.977 and 0.909, respectively. In spite of the small number and the limited distribution, Shannon's diversity index (I = 0.567) was relatively high as compared with those of other plant species. Spatial autocorrelation using Tanimoto's distance showed that the genetic patch was established within 12 m. Based on Mantel tests, there was relatively low correlation between genetic distance and geographic distance. Therefore, it seems the P. pumila population was formed by many parent trees in early stage. For ex situ genetic conservation of P. pumila, the sampling strategy is efficient at least above 12 m between individual trees.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.46 no.5
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• pp.1-10
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• 2012

This study analyzed on the characteristics of vegetation structure, species composition and DBH class distribution in order to conservation and effective management for Taxus cuspidata community in Mt. Seorak, Mt. Balwang, Mt. Taebaek, and Mt. Odae. The vegetation in upper, subtree and shrub layer was consist of 11, 22, 33 species in Mt. Seorak, 15, 21, 33 species in Mt. Balwang, 10, 23, 36 species in Mt. Taebaek, and 14, 30, 32 species in Mt. Odae. As a result of importance value at all study sites, T. cuspidata and Abies nephrolepis in upper layer, T. cuspidata, A. nephrolepis and Acer komarovii in subtree layer, and Tripterygium regelii in shrub layer were high, respectively. Species diversity in upper and subtree layer at all study sited were ranged 0.834~1.234 and 1.125~1.329, respectively. According to the DBH class of major three species, T. cuspidata in Mt. Odae site showed a reverse J-shaped curve, which was estimated that T. cuspidata community of this site might be maintained continuously as a stable state.

• Journal of The Geomorphological Association of Korea
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.1-13
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• 2010

The technique of mountain ordering developed by Yamada(1999) has been tested to two small islands (Namhaedo: 301km², Geojedo: 378km²). The results and experiences above were extended and applied to the whole area of the southern part of Korean Peninsula. Three areas such as Seorak-Taebaek Mountains, Jiri-Deogyu Mountains, and Youngnam Alps are identified as the highest, 5th order mountains. 10 areas are classified as the 4th order and 87 areas as the 3rd order. It is suggested that the 5th order mountains are related to the axis of uplift and the 4th and 3rd order mountains have the same direction (NE-SW) as that of the secondary mountain systems in the Korean Peninsula. The logarithmic values of number, area, and relative altitude of the ordered mountains have the linear relationship with the order, as the laws of stream order. The several mountains which are not included in the existing mountain systems could be identified among the ordered mountains, and those mountains could be used as the basis to understand the geological structure of the Korean Peninsula. Most of the National Parks and the Provincial Parks are distributed on the 3rd, 4th, 5th order mountains. It is especially confirmed that the Songnisan National Park take a role to link the Seorak-Taebaek Mountains and Jiri-Deogyu Mountains as a important ecological axis. Therefore, it would be validated that the technique of mountain ordering has the practical values as well as the geomorphological significances.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.717-726
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• 2020

Social costs are increasing in Gangwon-do east coast due to coastal erosion. Long-term coastline change information is essential for analyzing this phenomenon. In this study, aerial photographs immediately after liberation are used for 1950's coastline extraction. The study area is from Sokcho Cheongho beach to Yangyang Seorak beach. The aerial photograph is geometrically corrected using DLT(Direct Linear Transformation) method to extract past coastline and compare it with present data. Coastal erosion and deposition areas are calculated in study area. Artificial structures such as harbors and breakwaters have caused changes in ocean currents and sediments from river estuaries. In most cases, the deposition occurred at the southern area of artificial structures and the erosion occurred on surrounding beaches. Coastline information extracted from past aerial photographs can be useful to provide information on long-term changes.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.6 no.6
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• pp.86-95
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• 2003

The object of this paper is to correct check the tree situation and quantity around highway. Also, those data utilize in order to establish plan about how to the long and short term landscape construction and maintain program. The result of this study can be summarized as follows; 1. Tree decrease rates for 8 branch offices were Jongbu(5.62%), Gangwon(4.32%), Chungcheong (3.35%), Honam(5.62%), Gyeongbuk(3.06%), Gyeongnam(5.60%), Seorak training center(0.31%), Headquarter(1.54%). Also decrease causes were traffic accidents(1.8%), air po11ution(4.7%), humid damage(0.9%), insect and disease(1.2%), wind and rainfall(3.4%), dry damage(3.5%), cold damage (1.0%), fire(3.1%), damage of the man and anima1(4.1%), remove bad tree(13.1%), bad rooting(9.5%) and etc.(53.7%). 2. Improve methods of tree death problems were regulation management(ferti1ize, irrigation and pesticide work), improvement of draining system, Pull out the weeds, Plant native plants, utilize organic matter fertilize and plant environment trees.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.113-117
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• 2016

The biodiversity of endophytic fungi on Thuja koraiensis in Mt. Hwaak, Seorak, and Hambaek, Korea was investigated. For the 202 isolates collected from the host trees, internal transcribed spacer rDNA region sequences-based analysis identified 32 taxa; 61.5% of the isolates belonged to Dothideomycetes, 27.0% belonged to Sordariomycetes, and 11.5% belonged to Leotiomycetes. This composition rate is somewhat different from that reported in previous studies for endophytic fungi inhabiting trees of the family Pinaceae. In particular, Phyllosticta spinarum in Dothideomycetes is a dominant species among the diverse endophytes of T. koraiensis. Therefore, further critical research is required for this species.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.136-148
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• 2015

Hyangro-bong is located on the northern side of the civilian access control line and therefore has gone through natural ecological succession without human interference. Currently, it forms a distinctive natural ecosystem in which rare wild animals and plants are various. It is located in the Baekdudaegan mountain system and plays an ecologically important role as a bridge that connects the Geumgang mountain and Seorak mountain. This study investigated the flora of the eastern parts, Forest Genetic Resources Reserve Area, of Hyangro-bong. A total of 363 vascular plants that belonged to 77 families, 206 genera, 310 species, 3 subspecies, and 47 varieties were found in the study area. Rare and endangered plants identified in this study included the critically endangered Swertia wilfordii and endangered Irisuniflora var. caricina. Furthermore, 4 vulnerable species, Hanabusaya asiatica, Codonopsis pilosula, Leontopodium japonicum, and Taxus cuspidata, were found. A total of 7 families and 14 taxa including Aconitum pseudolaeve and Clematis fusca var. coreana were confirmed as endemic plants. Naturalized plants belonging to 4 families, 11 genera, and 13 species were distributed along the Hyangro-bong forest roads.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.105-110
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• 2016

Mountainous disasters such as landslides and debris flow are difficult to forecast. Debris flow in particular often flows along the valley until it reaches the road or residential area, causing casualties and huge damages. In this study, the researchers selected Seoraksan National Park area located at Inje County (Inje-gun), Gangwon Province-where many mountainous disasters occur due to localized torrential downpours-for the damage reduction and cause analysis of the area experiencing frequent mountainous disasters every year. Then, the researchers conducted the field study and constructed geospatial information data by GIS method to analyze the characteristics of the disaster-occurring area. Also, to extract more precise geographic parameters, the researchers scanned debris flow triggering area through terrestrial LiDAR and constructed 3D geographical data. LiDAR geographical data was then compared with the existing numerical map to evaluate its precision and made the comparative analysis with the geographic data before and after the disaster occurrence. In the future, it will be utilized as basic data for risk analysis of mountainous disaster or disaster reduction measures through a fine-grid topographical map.

• Plant Resources
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.217-224
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• 2005

We tested the hypothesis that alpine plants have special physiological and biochemical mechanisms in addition to their structural adaptation in order to survive under extreme conditions. The photosynthetic organs of Pinus pumila were used to examine the seasonal changes in sugar concentration, antioxidative enzyme, and lipid peroxidation. The concentrations of sucrose, glucose, fructose and reducing sugar were the highest in the leaves in April. But sugar contents in buds and inner barks did not respond sensitively on temperature change. Meanwhile superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity responded sensitively on the change of temperature and SOD in all tissues maintained high activity in April. Meanwhile anthocyanin content increased rapidly in June but the increase of anthocyanin content was not enough to prevent their tissues from the damage by the exposure of high temperature or other stress. In conclusion, under low temperature condition, P. pumila increased the concentration of soluble sugars and SOD activity in their tissues in order to overcome extreme environmental condition. But in summer, these stress defense system against high temperature might be disturbed slightly. This results in the increase of malondialdehyde (MDA) contents in three tissues by lipid peroxidation.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.100-106
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• 1994

Fifty eight specimens of Ascomycotina were collected at Gwangneung, Mt. Weorak, Mt. Seorak, Mt. Paldal, Mt. Sungsu, Mt. Chiri and Mt. Odae from May, 1989 to October, 1992. These Ascomycotina were identified and classified into 6 orders, 10 families, 19genera, and 29 species. Among them, Peziza michelii(Boud.) Dennis, Tricharina gilva(Boud.) Ekblad, Jafnea fusicarpa (Gerard) Korf, Scutellinia kergulensis(Berk.) O. Kuntze, Vibrissea truncorum Fries, Ciboria amentacea (Balbis ex Fr.) Fuckel, Hypoxylon fragiforme(Per. ex Fr.) Kickx and Nectria episphaeria(Tode ex Fr.) Fries were newly recorded in Korea. These species were described and their Korean names were designated.