• Korean Journal of Child Studies
• /
• v.29 no.5
• /
• pp.1-12
• /
• 2008

This study investigated the development of complex sentences in the early utterances of Korean-Chinese children. The subjects were 47(20 2-year-old, 15 3-year-old, and 12 4-year-old) Korean-Chinese children living in China. Each child's spontaneous natural speech during interaction with his/her caregiver was videotaped for about 30 minutes and analyzed for Korean complex sentences using Kim's(2000) categories and Korean Computerized Language Analysis 2.0(2000). Results showed that older children were higher in Mean Length of Utterance and in number and frequency of word types than younger children. The language development of bilingual children was delayed compared with monolingual children but the developmental sequence between bilingual and monolingual children was similar.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
• /
• 2011.07a
• /
• pp.89-91
• /
• 2011

In this paper, phrase boundaries in sentence are predicted and a phrase break information is applied to an HMM-based Korean Text-to-Speech synthesis system. Synthesis with phrase break information increases a naturalness of the synthetic speech and an understanding of sentences. To predict these phrase boundaries, context-dependent information like forward/backward POS(Part-of-Speech) of eojeol, a position of eojeol in a sentence, length of eojeol, and presence or absence of punctuation marks are used. The experimental results show that the naturalness of synthetic speech with phrase break information increases.

• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
• /
• 2001.10d
• /
• pp.302-309
• /
• 2001

말뭉치를 통한 통계적인 자연 언어 처리에 관한 연구가 다국어 처리 분야에서도 활발히 진행되고 있는 가운데, 본 논문에서는 병렬 말뭉치 구축 및 활용의 기본이 되는 문장 정렬을 위한 효과적인 방법을 제안한다. 먼저, 기존의 문장 길이를 이용한 방법을 한-영 문장 정렬에 적용해 보고, 길이 정보만을 이용했을 때의 한계점을 지적한다. 그리고, 사전과 품사 대응 확률을 이용한 단어 정렬을 통하여, 길이 기반의 정렬 방식이 갖는 문제점을 보완할 수 있는 방법을 제시한다. 실험을 통하여 제안한 방법이 길이에 기반한 방법에 비하여 높은 성능을 나타냄을 알 수 있었다. 또한 한-영 문장 정렬에의 어휘 정보 활용에 있어서 문제가 될 수 있는 요소가 어떤 것들이 있는지 알아본다.

• MALSORI
• /
• no.47
• /
• pp.51-72
• /
• 2003

The purpose of this paper is to design Speech Database for Korean pronunciation education. For this purpose, I investigated types of speech errors of Korean-learners, made texts for recording, which involves all types of speech errors, and showed how to gather speech data and how to tag their informations. It's natural that speech data should include Korean-learners' speech and Korean people's speech, because Speech DB that I try to develop is for teaching Korean pronunciation to foreigners. So this DB should have informations about speakers and phonetic informations, which are about phonetic value of segments and intonation of sentences. The intonation of sentence varies with the type of sentence, the structure of prosodic units, the length of a prosodic unit and so on. For this reason, Speech DB must involve tags about these informations.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
• /
• v.41 no.5
• /
• pp.592-601
• /
• 2016

The recurrent neural network (RNN) is a deep learning model which is suitable to sequential or length-variable data. The Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) mitigates the vanishing gradient problem of RNNs so that LSTM can maintain the long-term dependency among the constituents of the given input sequence. In this paper, we propose a LSTM based language model which can predict following words of a given incomplete sentence to generate a complete sentence. To evaluate our method, we trained our model using multiple Korean corpora then generated the incomplete part of Korean sentences. The result shows that our language model was able to generate the fluent Korean sentences. We also show that the word based model generated better sentences compared to the other settings.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
• /
• v.39 no.7
• /
• pp.71-84
• /
• 2001

The purpose of this study was to investigate the development of preschoolers'narrative competence. The subject were 60 preschoolers aged 3 through 5 years who were enrolled in the day care center All the subjects were asked to produce a new story. All the story children toad were recorded on audiotape. The data were analyzed Qualitatively and quantitatively using content analysis and the statistical package for Social Science 9.0. The main results of this study were as follows. 1) Significant age difference was observed in preschooler's narrative structure. Older children produced structurally more complex stories containing setting, character, initiating event, attempt and consequence than younger children. 2) Significant age difference was observed in preschooler's narrative length. Older children used significantly more words and sentence when they produced stories than younger children.3) Preschooler'narrative structure was significantly correlated with narrative length.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
• /
• v.2 no.3
• /
• pp.11-22
• /
• 2010

The present study attempts to investigate declination in Korean and its relevant aspects to the length of utterance, the clause boundary, and focus. More specifically, I examine the relation of declination with the length of utterance, the declination reset at the clause boundary, and the effect of focus on declination. Results showed that the length of utterance had no relation with the first and last pitch values of the utterance but that they were consistent regardless of the length of utterance. However, the declination slope changed to be relatively gentle from the fourth accentual phrase to the end of the whole intonational phrase. There was a reset of declination in such a way that the first pitch in the second phrase was always lower than that of the first phrase, but the first pitch in the third phrase was not always lower than that of the second phrase when the whole utterance was composed of three phrases. Finally, the pitch values of the focusing words decreased as their position went back in a sentence. One declination line was formed in the case of focused utterance, but in the case of an utterance that contained a clause boundary, a new declination line was formed at the start of each new clause. These findings can be applied to developing a Korean speech synthesizer that contains natural prosody; they can be also utilized for teaching Korean prosody.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.89-105
• /
• 2008

In this paper, we suggest a rule-based system for the prediction of natural prosodic phrase breaks from Korean texts. For the implementation of the rule-based system, (1) sentence constituents are sub-categorized according to their syntactic functions, (2) syntactic phrases are recognized using the dependency relations among sub-categorized constituents, (3) rules for predicting prosodic phrase breaks are created. In addition, (4) the length of syntactic phrases and sentences, the position of syntactic phrases in a sentence, sense information of contextual words have been considered as to determine the variable prosodic phrase breaks. Based on these rules and features, we obtained the accuracy over 90% in predicting the position of major break and no break which have high correlation with the syntactic structure of the sentence. As for the overall accuracy in predicting the whole prosodic phrase breaks, the suggested system shows Break_Correct of 87.18% and Juncture Correct of 89.27% which is higher than that of other models.

• Journal of the Korean School Mathematics Society
• /
• v.15 no.4
• /
• pp.699-718
• /
• 2012

The purpose of mathematics eduction is to develop the ability of thinking mathematically. It informs method to solve problem through mathematical thinking that teach mathematical ability. Errors in the problem solving can be thought as those in the mathematical thinking. Therefore analysis and classification of mathematics errors is important to teach mathematics. This study researches the preceding studies on mathematics errors and presents the characteristic of them with analyzed models. The results achieved by analysis of the process of problem solving are as follows : ▸ Students feel much harder to solve words problems rather than multiple-choice problems. ▸ The length of sentence make some differences of understanding of the words problems. Students easy to understand short sentence problems than long sentence problems. ▸ If students feel difficulties on the pre-learned mathematical content, they feel the same difficulties on the words problems based on the pre-learned mathematics content.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
• /
• v.32 no.2
• /
• pp.87-93
• /
• 2021

There are a number of voice analysis programs around the world. Domestic voice analysis is performed by relying heavily on specific commercial program. We intend to develop coding for voice analysis using Praat and apply it to clinical practice. This study consisted of Experiment 1 and Experiment 2. Experiment 1 was the development of automated voice analysis coding based on Praat. The coding was largely divided into a recording, an analysis, and a storage section. Experiment 2 was applied to the voice analysis of 2 male patients pre- and post-operation with this coding. The analysis parameters of this coding provided 26 parameters for vowel /a/, nine parameters for sentence analysis, and a total of 4 parameters for voice range profile analysis. In two male patients, the pitch and the intensity increased, the voice quality improved, and the sentence length decreased after surgery. The coding was well made, so the output was good in real time. The code is automated as much as possible to block manual errors and increases convenience and efficiency by generating the result sheet in real time.