• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.372-380
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• 2011

This study was conducted to assess meat quality and sensory properties of pork bellies from immunocastrated males (IC) compared to meat from surgically castrated males (SC), intact males (IM), and females (FE). Pork bellies from IC had significantly higher pH values than meat from either SC or FE. Pork bellies from IC showed lower CIE $L^*$ values than those from SC, but were redder (higher CIE $a^*$ values) than meat from SC or FE. However, no differences in visual color were observed between pork bellies from IC and SC pigs using National Pork Producer Council scales. Water holding capacity was higher in SC and FE than that in IC. IC showed no significant difference in cooking loss and shear force values compared with those of SC. Both SC and IC had improved fat content when compared to that in IM, and IC meat showed a similar fat content to that of FE. Pork bellies from IC showed higher ratings for all visual evaluation traits than those of SC and were the same as meat from FE. Boar odor was not significantly different among the treatments. IC was rated similar to SC for taste, tenderness, and overall acceptability.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.169-176
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• 2016

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the growth performance and meat quality traits of broilers fed a diet supplemented with dry-ground curry leaves (Murraya koenigii). A total of 750 one-day-old broiler chicks (Cobbs 500) were arranged in the experiment with a completely randomized design and allotted to one of five treatments, with $T_1-Control$ and $T_2-T_5$ curry leaves powder levels (i.e., 0.3%, 0.6%, 0.9% and 1.2%, respectively). The initial body weights, final body weights and daily feed intake were measured over an experimental period of 32 days. At the conclusion of the experiment, the carcass weights and meat quality parameters were measured. The birds fed diets supplemented with curry leaves powder had a higher weight gain (P<0.05; ADG), improved feed conversion ratio (P<0.05; FCR) and lower mortality (P<0.05) rates compared to the birds in the control group. Nonetheless, there was no difference (P>0.05) in feed intake among the dietary treatments. Similarly, supplementation of curry leaves powder had no effect (P>0.05) on the proportions of the carcass, leg meat and drumstick. No differences were (P>0.05) observed in cooking loss or the pH of meat from broilers fed the curry leaves supplemented diet. However, curry leaf supplementation affected (P<0.05) the meat water holding capacity. A sensory evaluation showed higher levels of taste and tenderness in meat from broilers fed with curry leaves powder. In conclusion, our results suggested that curry leaves powder improved the growth performance of broilers, with a lower incidence of mortality and improvement of some meat qualities.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.15-19
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• 2000

This study was conducted to determine sensory and chemical traits of reduced-fat frankfurters made with lean lamb or lean lamb/pork (50%/50%), fat from three different sources(pork fat, lamb fat or high-oleic sunflower oil) and added water products designated as L-P-15, LP-L-15, LP-So-15 and LP-P-15, according to lean meat type, source of added fat and target fat content and to compare such products with a similar reduced-fat product made with lean beef/pork (50%/50%) with pork fat(product designated as BP-P-15) and high-fat products made with lean beef/pork (50%/50%) or lamb/pork (50%/50%) with pork fat (BP-P-30 and LP-P-30). Actual fat contents of reduced-fat and high-fat products formulated for 15% and 30% fat were 17~18% and 28~31%, respectively, after processing. Processing yields were lower for all reduced-fat products than for the high-fat products. Trained sensory panelists rated LP-P-15 less intense in lamb flavor as compared to LP-L-15 and LP-So-15. Off-flavor intensity was positively correlated with lamb-flavor intensity (r=0.80), whereas frankfurter-flavor intensity was negatively correlated with lamb-flavor intensity (-0.88) and off-flavor intensity (r=-0.90). According to consumer panelists, LP-P-15 was as desirable in flavor as BP-P-15 or the two high-fat products (BP-P-30 and LP-P-30), while LP-So-15 and LP-L-15 were not. LP-P-15 and BP-P-15 were not notably different from their high-fat counterparts in juiciness and texture desirability and overall palatability. Regardless of fat content, meat type and fat source, there was little lipid oxidation when vacuum-packaged products were refrigerated for 12 weeks.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.54-64
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• 2019

Wet and dry aging methods were applied to improve the quality of three different beef cuts (butt, rump, and sirloin) from Hanwoo cows (quality grade 2, approximately 50-mon-old). After 28 d of wet aging (vacuum packaged; temperature, $2{\pm}1^{\circ}C$) and dry aging (air velocity, 2-7 m/s; temperature, $1{\pm}1^{\circ}C$; humidity, $85{\pm}10%$), proximate composition, cooking loss, water holding capacity, shear force, color, nucleotides content, and sensory properties were compared with a non-aged control (2 d postmortem). Both wet and dry aging significantly increased the water holding capacity of the butt cuts. Dry aging in all beef cuts induced lower cooking loss than that in wet-aged cuts. Shear force of all beef cuts was decreased after both wet and dry aging and CIE $L^*$, $a^*$, and $b^*$ color values in butt and sirloin cuts were higher in both wet and dry aging (p<0.05) groups than those in the non-aged control. Regardless of the aging method used, inosine-5'-monophosphate content among beef cuts was the same. The sensory panel scored significantly higher values in tenderness, flavor, and overall acceptability for dry-aged beef regardless of the beef cuts tested compared to non- and wet-aged cuts. In addition, dry-aged beef resulted in similar overall acceptability among the different beef cuts, whereas that in wet-aged meat was significantly different by different beef cuts. In conclusion, both wet and dry aging improved the quality of different beef cuts; however, dry aging was more suitable for improving the quality of less preferred beef cuts.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제32권9호
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• pp.1448-1457
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• 2019

Objective: The present work aimed at evaluating the effects of carcass quality grade (QG) on the quality characteristics of pork meat according to Korean carcass QG system. Methods: Pork carcasses with varying in QG: 1+ (QG1+, n = 10), 1 (QG1, n = 10) and 2 (QG2, n = 10), were used to evaluate the relationship between carcass QG and meat quality. The meat quality traits, fatty acid profiles, flavor compounds and sensory qualities were measured on the longissimus dorsi muscle samples of these carcasses. Results: Pork meat of higher QG (QG1+) presented significantly higher fat content (5.43%), C18:2n-6 level (19.03%) and total unsaturated fatty acids content (62.72%). Also, the QG1+ meat was significantly higher in levels of classes of flavor compounds such as aldehydes, alcohols and hydrocarbons in comparison to those of the meat samples from the lower QG groups. The sensory evaluation results (flavor, juiciness, tenderness, and acceptability scores) of QG1+ meat was significantly higher than the QG1 and QG2 meats. The pork with lower QG (i.e., QG2) was found positively correlated to redness (r = 0.987), C18:1n-9 level (r = 1.000) but negatively correlated to the fat content (r = -0.949), and flavor (r = -0.870), juiciness (r = -0.861), tenderness (r = -0.862) and acceptability (r = -0.815) scores. Conclusion: The pork with higher QG had higher fat content, total unsaturated fatty acids and better eating quality, thus producing pork with higher QGs should be considered in order to satisfy the consumer's expectation.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제41권5호
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• pp.779-787
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• 2021

This study compared the meat quality characteristics, palatability, and histochemical characteristics of low-marbled Hanwoo and Holstein steers of different beef quality grades (1, 2, and 3). No differences were observed in muscle pH_{24 h} and cooking loss between the groups (p>0.05); however, quality grade 1 of Hanwoo steers (HA1) showed a darker muscle surface compared to grade 1 of Holstein steers (HO1) (30.9 vs. 33.9, p<0.05). The HA2 group exhibited a lower value of Warner-Bratzler shear force compared to the HO1 and HO3 groups (60.8 vs. 69.2 and 87.8 N, p<0.001). For sensory quality attributes, steaks from the HA1 group showed higher scores of softness, initial tenderness, and amount of perceptible residue than steaks from the HO1 group (p<0.001). Within the quality grade 2, Hanwoo steers had a higher score of softness compared to Holstein steers (p<0.001). There were no differences in juiciness and flavor intensity between Hanwoo and Holstein steers at the same quality grade (p>0.05). This difference in tenderness attributes between the breeds within the quality grade was associated with morphological traits of muscle bundle, and Hanwoo steers had smaller bundle area (0.37 vs. 0.50 mm², p<0.05) and higher fiber number per bundle (88.2 vs. 121, p<0.05) compared to Holstein steers. Therefore, bundle characteristics of longissimus thoracis muscle can be crucial for explaining factor for the explanation of tenderness variations between different breeds at the same beef quality grade or marbling.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제36권7호
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• pp.1075-1082
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• 2023

Objective: Animal feed companies and researchers are currently embarking on quests for feed additives that could combat the pathogens while promoting growth as well as maintaining quality products. The current study aimed to evaluate the effects of onion extracts on growth performance, carcass quality, and bone morphometrics of broiler chickens. Methods: A total number of 200 one-day-old unsexed Ross 308 broiler chicks were assigned to 5 treatment groups, replicated 4 times. Each replicate (pens) held 10 chickens in a completely randomized design. The experimental diets were then randomly allotted to the pens which act as experimental units. The isoenergetic and isonitrogenous diets were formulated by including onion extracts at 0, 5, 10, 15, or 25 g/kg in a complete broiler diet. Feed intake, and body weight, were recorded then used to calculate feed conversion ratio. At the end of the experiment (42 days), four chickens from each pen were randomly selected for slaughter for carcass, bone morphology and sensory evaluation. Results: Results showed that onion extract supplementation did not affect (p>0.05) growth performances and meat sensory evaluation. However, there was a significantly increased (p<0.05) meat shear force in groups receiving onion extracts dietary treatments. Furthermore, onion extracts improved (p<0.05) bone morphology of broiler chickens in terms of weight, diameter, calcium, and phosphorous contents. Conclusion: In conclusion, onion extracts can be safely included in a commercial broiler diet as a growth promoter without causing adverse effects on growth performance traits and carcass quality in chickens. Onion extract supplementation improved tibia bone growth and strength in broiler chickens.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제68권4호
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• pp.262-275
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• 2023

본 연구는 국내에서 육성된 자포니카 3품종, 인디카 2품종, 통일형 1품종에 대한 아프리카인, 아메리카인, 아시아인의 선호도를 평가하기 위해 한국인의 선호도와 비교하여 수행되었다. 쌀 외관품위 선호도에서 한국인을 제외한 대부분의 패널이 쌀이 길고 가는 '한열', '향열', '아미쌀'을 선호하는 것으로 나타났다. 한국인은 쌀 너비가 긴 '신동진', '드래향' 등을 선호하였다. 해외 패널들은 쌀 외관품위 선호도가 높은 쌀을 식미관능평가에서도 선호하는 경향이 있었다. 특히, 해외 패널과 한국인 모두 장립종 품종 '한열'의 외관품위와 식미에 대한 선호도가 높았다. 반면에 국내 육성 품종 중 '아미쌀'과 '신동진'은 해외 패널들 사이에서 외관 선호도는 높았지만, 식미관능평가에서는 '한열'보다 모양, 찰기, 맛 등에서 선호도가 낮은 것으로 평가되었다. 이러한 결과는 국내 육성 쌀을 해외로 수출할 때 식미 특성에 대한 고려가 필요하다는 것을 시사한다. 식미선호도 및 미질형질 간 연관분석하여 도출된 패널들이 선호하는 식미 특성을 정리하면, 아프리카인은 질감은 부드럽고, 찰기가 없는 장립종 세장형 쌀을 선호하였다. 아메리카인은 질감이 약간 단단하며, 약간 찰기가 있고 노화가 늦게 되는 쌀을 선호하였다. 아시아인은 질감은 부드럽고, 찰기가 약간 낮은 장립종 세장형 쌀을 선호하였다. 한국인은 윤기가 있고, 질감은 약간 단단하고 노화가 늦고 찰기가 있는 쌀을 선호하였다. 본 연구 결과는 해외 진출 및 수출용 품종 개발을 위한 중요한 자료로 제공될 수 있으며, 국내육성 벼 품종의 해외시장에서의 경쟁력 확보에 기여할 것으로 기대한다.

• 원예과학기술지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.77-83
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• 2014

동양배의 교배육종 효율을 증진시키기 위하여 13품종의 교배친을 이용한 15 조합으로부터 얻어진 교배실생 4,035주를 공시하여 과실의 품질과 밀접한 상관이 있는 육질관련 주요 형질에 대한 유전력, 양친평균과 실생평균과의 상관과 후대실생의 분포특성을 분석하였다. 배 과실 육질관련 형질의 유전력은 조합에 따라 차이는 있으나 경도, 육질경도, 육질밀도, 석세포 모두 대부분의 조합이 0.6 내외로 비교적 높았다. 그러나, 경도에 있어서는 조합별로 유전력의 차이가 다른 형질에 비해 큰 편이었고 '신고' ${\times}$ '장수' 조합에서는 유전력이 0.11로서 특이하게 낮았다. 배 육질관련 형질의 양친평균과 교배실생 평균 사이에 경도는 정의 상관이 있었으나 육질경도, 육질밀도, 석세포 함량에서는 상관이 인정되지 않았으며 회귀계수는 경도 0.778, 육질경도 0.343, 석세포는 0.313으로 산출되어 경도가 가장 높은 값을 나타낸 반면 육질밀도에서는 -0.273으로 부의 회귀값을 나타냈다. 배 과실 육질 관련 형질인 양친의 경도, 육질경도, 육질밀도, 석세포 함량에 대한 조합별 교배실생의 분포양상이 달랐으며 특히 경도는 양친이 모두 낮은 경우 낮은 쪽 낮음 ${\times}$ 높음의 경우 중간에, 높음 ${\times}$ 높음의 경우 높은 실생이 많이 분포되는 양상이었으며 석세포 함량이 적음 ${\times}$ 적음 조합에서는 실생의 분포가 적은 쪽으로, 적음-중간 ${\times}$ 중간-많음 조합에서는 중간에 많은 실생이 분포되는 양상을 보였다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제57권9호
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• pp.31.1-31.11
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• 2015

Background: This study was conducted to investigate the potential association of variation in the insulin-like growth factor binding protein 2 (IGFBP2) gene with growth, carcass and meat quality traits in pigs. IGFBP2 is a member of the insulin-like growth factor binding protein family that is involved in regulating growth, and it maps to a region of pig chromosome 15 containing significant quantitative trait loci that affect economically important trait phenotypes. Results: An IGFBP2 polymorphism was identified in the Michigan State University (MSU) Duroc ${\times}$ Pietrain $F_2$ resource population (n = 408), and pigs were genotyped by MspI PCR-RFLP. Subsequently, a Duroc pig population from the National Swine Registry, USA, (n = 326) was genotyped using an Illumina Golden Gate assay. The IGFBP2 genotypic frequencies among the MSU resource population pigs were 3.43, 47.06 and 49.51 % for the AA, AB and BB genotypes, respectively. The genotypic frequencies for the Duroc pigs were 9.82, 47.85, and 42.33 % for the AA, AB and BB genotypes, respectively. Genotype effects (P < 0.05) were found in the MSU resource population for backfat thickness at $10^{th}$ rib and last rib as determined by ultrasound at 10, 13, 16 and 19 weeks of age, ADG from 10 to 22 weeks of age, and age to reach 105 kg. A genotype effect (P < 0.05) was also found for off test Longissimus muscle area in the Duroc population. Significant effects of IGFBP2 genotype (P < 0.05) were found for drip loss, 24 h postmortem pH, pH decline from 45 min to 24 h postmortem, subjective color score, CIE $L^*$ and $b^*$, Warner-Bratzler shear force, and sensory panel scores for juiciness, tenderness, connective tissue and overall tenderness in MSU resource population pigs. Genotype effects (P < 0.05) were found for 45-min pH, CIE $L^*$ and color score in the Duroc population. Conclusions: Results of this study revealed associations of the IGFBP2 genotypes with growth, carcass and meat quality traits in pigs. The results indicate IGFBP2 as a potential candidate gene for growth rate, backfat thickness, loin muscle area and some pork quality traits.