• Journal of KIISE:Computer Systems and Theory
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• v.34 no.5_6
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• pp.249-256
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• 2007

GPS(generalized processor sharing) is a fair scheduling scheme that guarantees fair distribution of resources in an instantaneous manner, while virtual clock pursues fairness in the sense of long-term. In this paper, we notice that the degree of memorylessness is the key difference of the two schemes, and propose a unified scheduling model that covers the whole spectrum of history-sensitiveness. In this model, each application's resource right is represented in a value called deposit, which is accumulated at a predefined rate and is consumed for services. The unused deposit, representing non-usage history, gives the application more opportunity to be scheduled, hence relatively enhancing its response time. Decay of the deposit means partial erase of the history and, by adjusting the decaying rate, the degree of history-sensitiveness is controlled. In the spectrum, the memoryless end corresponds GPS and the other end with full history corresponds virtual clock. And there exists a tradeoff between average delay and long-term fairness. We examine the properties of the model by analysis and simulation.

• Journal of Science and Technology Studies
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.87-112
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• 2020

Since the 2000s, South Korea has made great efforts to nurture scientists and engineers. In 2004, the Special Act on Supporting Scientists and Engineers for Strengthening National Science and Technology Competitiveness was established to secure scientists and engineers and improve their qualities. This special act has served as a basis for official policies for nurturing and supporting scientific manpower and as a reference for various laws relevant to the issue. However, there is a debate about whether the term ''scientist and engineer'' (이공계 인력) used in this act is appropriate. Thus, this paper critically analyzed the concept of "Scientists and Engineers" from the perspective of inclusiveness, consistency and interconnection. As a result, it is found that interconnectedness is high, as the term is widely used in other laws, but that there is a lack of inclusiveness and consistence. In recent years, those who did not major in science and engineering are employed in jobs related to science and technology, although they would not be counted as ''science and engineering work force'' in the traditional sense of the term. This trend will grow further in the future. In response to these changes, it is necessary to expand or revise the definition of ''scientist and engineer'' to include a broader range of people engaged in science and technology fields (과학기술인).

• The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
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• no.21
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• pp.117-167
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• 2009

Assemblypersons' activities have organizational and individual nature. The activities of assemblypersons and their assistant staffs become a motive for major work performance of Korean legislature, and are also critical public services affecting contemporary political history, history of political parties and history of assemblyperson's hometown. Moreover, their activities are also characterized by work performance in favor of assemblyperson's personal interests to effectively communicate his or her achievements during term of office to electors with a view to winning reelection after the end of 4-year term of office. Assemblyperson's organization produces various types of record in the performance of these works. From the viewpoint of public archive as a product of assemblypersons' public service performance and from their own personal viewpoints, they can create their own identity by arranging their personal records that can demonstrate their own political philosophy, policy orientation, achievements during term of office, and personal features. In addition, their personal records can have much more values and significance in the sense that those records are available to electors to make it possible to highlight their own images in objective and reliable manner. Conclusively, this study underlined that the efforts for assemblypersons and their assistant staffs to keep their records well could be helpful to streamline their internal works and be also helpful for personal interests of assemblypersons. And this study proposed procedures and methods for deducing and screening a list of production archives to meet a viewpoint of streamlined internal works and needs for keeping personal records, ultimately with a view to giving practical helps for these works.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.78
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• pp.1-29
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• 2018

This article demonstrates that both the Warsaw Convention Systemand the Montreal Convention are not designed for multimodal transport, let alone for "Door to Door" transport. The polemic directed against the "Door to Door" application of the Warsaw Convention systemand the Montreal Convention is predominantly driven by the text and the drafting philosophy of the said Contentions that since 1929 support unimodalism-with the rule that "the period of the carriage by air does not expend to any carriage by land, by sea or by inland waterway performed outside an airport" playing a profound role in restricting their multimodal aspirations. The drafters of the Montreal Convention were more adventurous than their predecessors with respect to the boundaries of the Montreal Convention. They amended Art. 18(3) by removing the phrase "whether in an aerodrome or on board an aircraft, or, in the case of landing outside an aerodrome, in any place whatsoever", however, they retained the first sentence of Art. 18(4). The deletion of the airport limitation fromArt. 18(3) creates its own paradox. The carrier can be held liable under the Montreal Convention for the loss or damage to cargo while it is in its charge in a warehouse outside an airport. Yet, damage or loss of the same cargo that occurs during its surface transportation to the aforementioned warehouse and vice versa is not covered by the Montreal Convention fromthe moment the cargo crosses the airport's perimeter. Surely, this result could not have been the intention of its drafters: it certainly does not make any commercial sense. I think that a better solution to the paradox is to apply the "functional interpretation" of the term"airport". This would retain the integrity of the text of the Montreal Convention, make sense of the change in the wording of Art. 18(3), and nevertheless retain the Convention's unimodal philosophy. English courts so far remain loyal to the judgment of the Court of Appeal in Quantum, which constitutes bad news for the supporters of the multimodal scope of the Montreal Convention. According the US cases, any losses occurring during Door to Door transportation under an air waybill which involves a dominant air segment are subject to the international air law conventions. Any domestic rules that might be applicable to the road segment are blatantly overlooked. Undoubtedly, the approach of the US makes commercial. But this policy decision by arguing that the intention of the drafters of the Warsaw Convention was to cover Door to Door transportation is mistaken. Any expansion to multimodal transport would require an amendment to the Montreal Convention, Arts 18 and 38, one that is not in the plans for the foreseeable future. Yet there is no doubt that air carriers and freight forwarders will continue to push hard for such expansion, especially in the USA, where courts are more accommodating.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Educational Facilities
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.33-40
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• 1994

This study was taken to increase efficiency in reviewing documents of school facilities from the network of ERIV(Educational Resources and Information Center, USA). Outline of the ERIC network, and the structure, role, function of the ERIC thesaurus are introduced. A thesaurus have developed for information retrieval purpose provides the filing labels which permit information to be stored by one person and retrieved by another. As an information system grows, its thesaurus is systematically built and refined to the point where it represents, in a very special sense, the vocabulary of subject field. The Thesaurus of ERIC Descriptors represents such a vocabulary for the field education. An understanding of its origins, its function and its limitations, is just as important to the teacher, the student of education or the educational researcher as it is for the indexer or custodian of the information pool it represents. If the Thesaurus is understood and used in an appropriate way, it can give all educators not only insight into the ERIC system but also an increased awareness of the language of their field. A great many terms are necessary to describe the many aspects of education, and the task of relating them in even an approximately consistent way is an enormous one. The undertaking should be managed by people who not only know what they are talking about but who also should be able to predict what people in their field are lilely to be talking about in the near future. It should also enlist people who are willing to pay term to another within the system. To engage a large number of these two kinds of people over a long period of time is very likely to cost a great deal of money. There is very little proprietary value in producing such a list of terms, for it can very easily be copied, adapted, updated, etc. Thus, because of its high cost and low proprietary value, it becomes a task likely to be funded only by a government. A government has many ways of spending its money. However, after the decision has been made to spend money to produce an authority list, one must decide how this authority is to be delegated. The history of the development of the ERIC Thesaurus is the history of how this authority was delegated. Scientific research has thrived on efforts to define terms as precisely as possible. It is difficult to say with certainty, however, that solutions to social problems have thrived on a simple diet of scientific research. Contemporary crises demand new and imaginative ways of conceiving problems and talking about them. If this Thesaurus or any other scheme for normalizing or controlling language inhibits in the slightest measure the creative use of language, it is against it use. Only if the principles and details of the Thesaurus are misunderstood can it be used as a constraint on language in a negative sense. Students of education of every kind should see the The-saurus as an opportunity to become increasingly self-conscious about their language and thus about their assumptions and their approaches to educational problems.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.148-153
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• 2022

This thesis investigates the meaning of a performer's energy taking into an account of the full bodily engagement as the flow of energy and/or psychophysical readiness focusing specifically on the significance of qualitative bodily transformation. In this contemporary era, the dominance of performer training and its approaches to acting/training has very frequently meant that how to play a character in a textual based approach by emphasizing on interpreting and impersonating the role as real as possible. In this sense, as a performer trainer, from my observation and research findings shows that it is common for the term energy is not to be motivated by what a performer's body needs within a specific moment in specific performance which they are working on. To address the problematic issues, this thesis begins by interrogating the practical meaning of transformation with addressing the principle and process of movement by means of the flow of energy on stage. For a performer, inhabiting/integrating his/her body and mind as oneness and/or unity means s/he sincerely encounter, confront, and therefore listen to his/her body in here and now. Because since the performer's physical appearance completely defined his/her psychological state, no one can play either the past or the future in the moment. In this manner, an appropriate use of energy synonymous with the flow of energy correspondence with the given time and space in which the performer's body informs and initiates movement as necessary action. To be precise, the performer's bodily movement either visible or invisible in a sense of training and rehearsal is perceived as attaining or achieving psychophysical involvement as the full body engagement which enable to make the event happen in the right moment. Here, this thesis argues that the significance of a performer's inner intensity reminds us of the necessity of qualitative transformation on which the performer could discover his/her own mode of awareness as well as a way his/her body function in the given circumstance. From this point of view, this research finding would advocates that the performer's body maintains in the field of energy flow where his/her conscious effort and/or mindfulness disappear. The performer's movement is a manifestation of the whole bodily engagement by means of being as real in that moment rather than representing reality.

• The Journal of Art Theory & Practice
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• no.14
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• pp.187-215
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• 2012

In recent studies of art historical methodology, such as Critical Terms for Art History and The Art of Art History, subjectivity, identity, abjection, and other terms have been placed safely in the genealogy of contemporary art history. This paper questions the contemporaneity in the story of contemporary art in our time in relation to two other critical terms that have been regularly cited by contemporary critics, not only in Euro-American fields but also in Korea. The terms are postmedium and postproduction, respectively, as used by Rosalind Krauss and Nicolas Bourriaud. This paper stems from the critical condition in which art criticism and theory have their power in the rise of neo-liberalism. But this paper does not deal with the contemporary as a chronological term for art history but rather examines the three critical terms-contemporaneity, post-medium, and postproduction-that have garnered scholarly attention. I would like to put aside postmodernism for the moment; I don't disregard the postmodern condition although the death of postmodern critical terms has resulted in the loss of its polemical power in art worlds such as in exhibitions, etc. To look at "the postproduction in the age of post-medium age after postmodernism," I first explore Krauss's notion of post-medium because, unlike media artists like Lev Manovich and Peter Weibel, Krauss's post-medium condition is different and insists on medium specificity. In this sense, Krauss has turned out to be another Greenberg in disguise. For her, photography and video are expanded mediums after Greenberg, because Krauss has spent her life explicating those mediums. Under the Cup, her recent publication, came out in 2011, and discusses her desire to defend medium-specificity against the intermedia of installation art found ubiquitously in international exhibitions and biennales. Her usage of post-medium has been taken up by Weibel as postmedia in a broader sense. But whether the post-medium condition or the postmedia age, we nonetheless enter the new age of the contemporary. Consequently, this paper questions what constitutes contemporaneity in our times. It is said that there is nothing new on earth, yet I find original artistic strategies among the younger generation in the postmedia age. The contemporary justifies its place in art fields and criticism by keeping its distance from postmodernism although we still find the remnants of postmodern artistic practices and theoretical foundations. By looking at materials written by Terry Smith, I would like to examine contemporaneity as a rhetoric where artists, critics, and curators endeavor to set up a new spirit of criticism, distant from the past of modernism and postmodernism. In discussions, modernism and postmodernism act as catalysts interacting with each other while justifying their own place. In conclusion, my paper reaches to delineate where the contemporary finds its place among artists' responses and working methods. It explores the postproduction of the Internet and the World Wide Web generations, where images become data rather than representation (of modernism) and appropriation (of postmodernism). This paper analyzes Bourriaud's text, as well as relevant artists like Pierre Huyghe, Liam Gillick, and others. By examining the aforementioned critical terms, I would like to reconsider our own contemporary art in Korea, especially among young artists influenced by digital media and the World Wide Web in the 1990s.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.3-17
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• 1995

The so-called borderline children are characterised by disturbances in the sense of reality and interpersonal relationships, lack of control, fluctuation of functioning, uneven development and excessive anxiety. But the concept of borderline disorder of childhood is very difficult to define and diagnose in current classification system. The present study adapted the consensus symptoms in borderline children by Bemporad and Vera eight cases aged 7-11 were examined in 37 variables. Results are as follows 1) All subjects are boys and girl hardly be diagnosis n current diagnostic system and have many concurrent diagnoses. Common chief complaints in the sense of reality. 2) In KEDI-WISC test, the borderline children showed average intelligence, but performance IQ tends to be higher than verbal IQ. In Rorscharch test, they showed high thought disorder index, emotional instabilities and aggressive impulses. The results of TOVA suggested attentional deficit in half of the subjects. The organicity is not prominent. 3) Many of the borderline children were unwanted baby. Although primary care takers of all the subjects were their mothers there were moderate problems in caring attitude of their children and marital relationship with their husband. Sccioeconomic status was generally below middle class. Most of all subjects have delayed language development, but have overcome subsequently. Many subjects were rejected by peers because of their aggression. 4) The first visit of the subjects was about 6 years of age. Average duration of treatment was 2 years. All of them were treated in the outpatient basis except one. The effect of pharmacotherapy was doubtful and the necessity of long term play therapy was suggested. Although there were many limitations of method in present study, it was suggested that further research is needed for diagnostic criteria, epidemiology and treatment.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.66 no.1
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• pp.251-276
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• 2014

This study scrutinizes the common sense in the field of disability employment that the bigger the size of a firm, the lower the employment rate of people with disabilities. This common sense has been established by conventional cross-tabulation and multiple regression analyses without taking into account possible interactions between the sizes of firms and the industries in which they operate. This study shows that the distribution of the disability employment rate violates the linearity and homoscedasticity assumptions of the OLS. In an effort to find models that explain the data better, this study fits the OLS model, the weighted linear regression model, and the multinomial logit model as well as the path analysis which is meant to examine the relationships between firm size and other variables relevant to disability employment. The result shows that, when an interaction term between firm size and industry is added to the model, firm size does not have any significant effect on disability employment rate for those firms with 100 or more regular employees, to the contrary of the findings of prior studies. It also demonstrates that other factors such as job setting, the extent of helpfulness of disability employment employers perceive, employers' care for disability, and employers' awareness of disability policies may matter more than does firm size. This study proposes that future research and policy implementation for disability employment should pay no less attention to industry and other factors mentioned above than to firm size.

• 기호학연구
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• no.56
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• pp.7-44
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• 2018

The objective of this paper is to propose a classification of Korean taste terms, especially Korean taste adjectives, from the perspective of cognitive science. The classification of Korean taste terms is here grounded in the definition of 'taste sense', 'flavor' and 'taste' which is usually employed in disciplines of cognitive science. There have been a large number of domestic researches in field of taste terms. Accordingly, a lot of research findings on the classification of taste terms have steadily been released showing the differences among researchers. These different classifications are largely based on the fact that researchers have applied their subjective criteria rather than their objective in order to categorize taste terms. According to previous studies, it is well-known that, in everyday usage, the term 'taste' covers a much wider range of qualities than those perceived through the taste receptor cells alone. In addition, we take it for granted that as much as 80~90% of taste comes from olfactory modality. It is also important to note that the texture and temperature of food, the color of food, the sounds of food, and atmospheric cues have an essential effect on taste perception. Many scientists have already pointed out that taste evaluations are influenced by a number of individual and sociocultural factors. Eating and tasting are important parts of our everyday life, so that linguistic approaches to taste perception seem to be of great significance. We can assume that a classification of taste terms from the perspective of cognitive sciences may shed light on the perceptive mechanism through which we perceive taste. It should be noted that this paper is an advanced work prepared for the follow-up study which will try to make a geometric model of word field 'taste terms' existing or probably existing in the mental lexicon of human beings.