• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.1403-1412
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• 2019

Effect of damage and loss cost for downtime is huge, if physical devices such as turbines, pipe, and storage tanks are in the abnormal state originated from not only aging, but also cyber attacks on the control and monitoring system like PLC (Programmable Logic Controller). To improve availability and dependability of the physical devices, we design and implement an indirect health monitoring system which sense temperature, acceleration, current, etc. indirectly, and put sensor data into Influx DB in real-time. Then, the actual performance of detecting abnormal state is shown using the indirect health monitoring system. Analyzing data are acquired using the real-time indirect health monitoring system, abnormal state and security threats can be double-monitored and lower maintenance cost utilizing prognostics and health management.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.60-68
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• 2022

A patient with severe periodontitis has causative factors that cause pathological tooth movement, the occlusion is disintegrated, and the vicious cycle of worsening periodontitis is repeated. In particular, when pathological tooth movement occurs in the maxillary anterior region, the patient has an aesthetic sense of atrophy, and the quality of life was reduced. Therefore, when orthodontic treatment was added to patients with severe periodontitis, it promotes the formation of new bone, reduces periodontal cysts, and obtains clinical attachment, which leads to favorable results in prosthetic restoration, thereby enabling ideal occlusion, function and aesthetics. Periodontal treatment, orthodontic treatment, natural tooth restoration, and implant prosthesis were planned for patients with pathological tooth movement in the anterior region due to loss of occlusal support in the posterior region. As a result, an ideal restoration space was secured, a stable restoration of occlusal contact was formed, and the maxillary anterior teeth were aesthetically improved.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.14 no.6_1
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• pp.139-145
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• 2014

The military of the Republic of Korea has had the world's strongest combat powers through systematic training and has been preparing for future wars with advanced arms. As the arms have been developed for the future, the medicine also has made so much progress that the average life expectancy has increased about 30-40years compared to the past. Even though different problems about professional soldiers who have relatively lower retirement age, have come the surface, there seems to be no particular measures for them. Although they try to apply their ability and experiences obtained by the life in the military to the social life, they feel a great sense of loss when they realize that there is not many thing to apply. The job as a professional soldier has been everything for them, but the time to be discharged has come. However, this is the second act of their life, and also they have much longer social life than that in the military. Strong determination is needed to prepare wisely and rigorously for that and then to live a happy life as a member of society.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.5 no.9
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• pp.1492-1512
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• 2011

Due to multiple hops, mobility and time-varying channel, supporting delay sensitive real-time traffic in wireless local area network-based (WLAN) mesh networks is a challenging task. In particular for real-time traffic subject to medium access control (MAC) layer control overhead, such as preamble, carrier sense waiting time and the random backoff period, the performance of real-time flows will be degraded greatly. In order to support real-time traffic, an efficient adaptive packet scheduling (APS) scheme is proposed, which aims to improve the system performance by guaranteeing inter-class, intra-class service differentiation and adaptively adjusting the packet length. APS classifies incoming packets by the IEEE 802.11e access class and then queued into a suitable buffer queue. APS employs strict priority service discipline for resource allocation among different service classes to achieve inter-class fairness. By estimating the received signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) per bit and current link condition, APS is able to calculate the optimized packet length with bi-dimensional markov MAC model to improve system performance. To achieve the fairness of intra-class, APS also takes maximum tolerable packet delay, transmission requests, and average allocation transmission into consideration to allocate transmission opportunity to the corresponding traffic. Detailed simulation results and comparison with IEEE 802.11e enhanced distributed channel access (EDCA) scheme show that the proposed APS scheme is able to effectively provide inter-class and intra-class differentiate services and improve QoS for real-time traffic in terms of throughput, end-to-end delay, packet loss rate and fairness.

• Journal of Environmental Policy
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.123-159
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• 2013

We use a multi-regional dynamic computable general equilibrium model to explain an economic effect of $CO_2$ tax on the national and regional economy of Korea. First, we compare two $CO_2$ taxes: a region-specific $CO_2$ tax and a uniform $CO_2$ tax. In the region-specific tax, the $CO_2$ tax rate in the capital area and the south-eastern region is much greater than those in other regions. GDP loss resulting from the region-specific tax is bigger than that in the uniform tax. Second, we consider three options for tax recycling: consumption tax recycling, labor-income tax recycling, and corporate-income tax recycling. The corporate-income tax recycling has the least GDP-loss effect over the three options. These results support that it is more efficient to use a uniform $CO_2$ tax rate than a region-specific $CO_2$ tax rate and that the corporate-income tax recycling is more desirable in a sense of efficiency than the consumption and labor-income tax recycling options.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.253-262
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• 2011

IT skills might be just a product for people without disabilities; however it can be "another sense" that is able to give the disabled the same social abilities as non-disabled people. Library services are necessary to help disabled people have access to information. The effectiveness of the library services for the disabled depends on the level and the size of library. If 10% of the total domestic population couldn't participate in their social activities, it must be a huge individual at the same time national loss. This paper will look into supporting technologies and services for the reading disabled through literature researches and visiting domestic and international libraries. Based on this analysis, this paper suggests development plans for enhancing domestic situation. We are sure that our suggestions can contribute to give a long-term service development strategy for improving the reading disabled people's information accessibility.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.103 no.3
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• pp.368-374
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• 2014

This study was investigated the changes of storability and quality characteristics of 'Autumn Sense' hardy kiwifruit according to ethylene treatment and storage condition. In the results of investigation of changes in hardy kiwifruit quality during storage period, hardness of ethylene treated hardy kiwifruit during 48 and 96 hours was rapidly decreased, but soluble solid content was rapidly increased with the passing of storage period in all treatment groups. The total acid was estimated from 0.7 to 1.4% with storage period in all treatment groups. In the results of investigation of the weight loss rate, ethylene treated hardy kiwifruit during 48 hours was the highest 30.9% in storage at $20^{\circ}C$ and lowest 5.9% in storage at $2^{\circ}C$ with a relative air humidity of about 90% during storage at 24 days. Ethylene treated hardy kiwifruit during 96 hours was decrease 29.4% in storage at $20^{\circ}C$, 20.7% in storage at $4^{\circ}C$, 12.1% in storage at $2^{\circ}C$, and 6.0% in storage at $2^{\circ}C$ with a relative air humidity of about 90% during storage at 22 days. The taste of hardy kiwifruit during storage was reduced to increase in all treatment groups. Particularly, storage at $20^{\circ}C$ was rapidly reduced to increase in the early storage and storage at $2^{\circ}C$ with a relative air humidity of about 90% was decrease after storage at 18 days. The rotten rate during storage was increased in all treatment groups, storage at $20^{\circ}C$ was after storage at 2 days and storage at $2^{\circ}C$ with a relative air humidity of about 90% was rapidly increased after storage at 16 days. Thus, it can be recommended that storage at $2^{\circ}C$ with a relative air humidity of about 90% is good to maintain quality. Also, we will decide optimal storage condition and after-ripening time of 'Autumn Sense' hardy kiwifruit.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.5-9
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• 1976

The categories of national health problems may be mainly divided into health promotion, problems of diseases, and population-economic problems which are indirectly related to health. Of them, the problems of diseases will be exclusively dealt with this speech. Rurality and Disease Problems There are many differences between rural and urban areas. In general, indicators of rurality are small size of towns, dispersion of the population, remoteness from urban centers, inadequacy of public transportation, poor communication, inadequate sanitation, poor housing, poverty, little education lack of health personnels and facilities, and in-accessibility to health services. The influence of such conditions creates, directly or indirectly, many problems of diseases in the rural areas. Those art the occurrence of preventable diseases, deterioration and prolongation of illness due to loss of chance to get early treatment, decreased or prolonged labour force loss, unnecessary death, doubling of medical cost, and economic loss. Some Considerations of Innovative Approach The followings art some considerations of innovative approaches to the problems of diseases in the rural Korea. 1. It would be essential goal of the innovative approaches that the damage and economic loss due to diseases will be maintained to minimum level by minimizing the absolute amount of the diseases, and by moderating the fee for medical cares. The goal of the minimization of the disease amount may be achieved by preventive services and early treatment, and the goal of moderating the medical fee may be achieved by lowering the prime cost and by adjusting the medical fees to reasonable level. 2. Community health service or community medicine will be adopted as a innovative means to disease problems. In this case, a community is defined as an unit area where supply and utilization of primary service activities can be accomplished within a day. The essential nature o the community health service should be such activities as health promotion, preventive measures, medical care, and rehabilitation performing efficiently through the organized efforts of the residents in a community. Each service activity should cover all members of the residents in a community in its plan and performance. The cooperation of the community peoples in one of the essential elements for success of the service program, The motivations of their cooperative mood may be activated through several ways: when the participation of the residents in service program of especially the direct participation of organized cooperation of the area leaders art achieved through a means of health education: when the residents get actual experience of having received the benefit of good quality services; and when the health personnels being armed with an idealism that they art working in the areas to help health problems of the residents, maintain good human relationships with them. For the success of a community health service program, a personnel who is in charge of leadership and has an able, a sincere and a steady characters seems to be required in a community. The government should lead and support the community health service programs of the nation under the basis of results appeared in the demonstrative programs so as to be carried out the programs efficiently. Moss of the health problems may be treated properly in the community levels through suitable community health service programs but there might be some problems which art beyond their abilities to be dealt with. To solve such problems each community health service program should be under the referral systems which are connected with health centers, hospitals, and so forth. 3. An approach should be intensively groped to have a physician in each community. The shortage of physicians in rural areas is world-wide problem and so is the Korean situation. In the past the government has initiated a system of area-limited physician, coercion, and a small scale of scholarship program with unsatisfactory results. But there might be ways of achieving the goal by intervice, broadened, and continuous approaches. There will be several ways of approach to motivate the physicians to be settled in a rural community. They are, for examples, to expos the students to the community health service programs during training, to be run community health service programs by every health or medical schools and other main medical facilities, communication activities and advertisement, desire of community peoples to invite a physician, scholarship program, payment of satisfactory level, fulfilment of military obligation in case of a future draft, economic growth and development of rural communities, sufficiency of health and medical facilities, provision of proper medical care system, coercion, and so forth. And, hopefully, more useful reference data on the motivations may be available when a survey be conducted to the physicians who are presently engaging in the rural community levels. 4. In communities where the availability of a physician is difficult, a trial to use physician extenders, under certain conditions, may be considered. The reason is that it would be beneficial for the health of the residents to give them the remedies of primary medical care through the extenders rather than to leave their medical problems out of management. The followings are the conditions to be considered when the physician extenders are used: their positions will be prescribed as a temporary one instead of permanent one so as to allow easy replacement of the position with a physician applicant; the extender will be under periodic direction and supervision of a physician, and also referral channel will be provided: legal constraints will be placed upon the extenders primary care practice, and the physician extenders will used only under the public medical care system. 5. For the balanced health care delivery, a greater investment to the rural areas is needed to compensate weak points of a rurality. The characteristics of a rurality has been already mentioned. The objective of balanced service for rural communities to level up that of urban areas will be hard to achieve without greater efforts and supports. For example, rural communities need mobile powers more than urban areas, communication network is extremely necessary at health delivery facilities in rural areas as well as the need of urban areas, health and medical facilities in rural areas should be provided more substantially than those of urban areas to minimize, in a sense, the amount of patient consultation and request of laboratory specimens through referral system of which procedures are more troublesome in rural areas, and more intensive control measures against communicable diseases are needed in rural areas where greater numbers of cases are occurred under the poor sanitary conditions.

• Korean Journal of Hospice Care
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2006

There are various understandings how to define death. In the context of medicine, death is defined as the irreversible change of the tissue according to the cessation of circulation and respiration. According to the psychologists, a person need to accept the finiteness as a human being and remain conscious that the death is not avoidable. And they say if a person doesn't regard death as unavoidable reality of life he or she will not confront the humanistic death and after all will die like animals. In philosophy, death is viewed as an unwelcome reality in the end of the journey of life. Sociologists usually understand that the society is the organization composed with living persons and human beings which construct and transmit the culture from generation to generation between the both ends of life and death. In society, the generation is changed, maintained, and developed through the phenomenon of death. Although death of human being is natural event in society, the death of a specific person brings a sense of loss, crisis, and anxiety to the communities like family, regional society, nation, and the world. In this context, death is not confined to personal dimension and it can be regarded as a social problem. It is valuable to summarize the religious perspectives on the meaning of death for the better hospice care. In shamanism, there are basic idea that although the flesh of human being disappears, soul never die. If human dies, the flesh of human being disappears but soul never disappear and come back to the origin of soul as it is called chaos. So in shamanism, it is said that shaman can solve the mortified feeling, restore the broken harmony, send the soul to comfortable space- the origin, and guarantee the blessing of descendents. Buddhists regard the death as an essential component through the cycles of life. Through this cycle, human being exits as an endlessly transmigrating being and the death is just a restoration to the original status. In Confucianism, the view on the death based on the philosophy of the "Yin and Yang" and "Five elements". In Buddhist tradition, many believers said the philosophy of "Death is the same as life". Unlike usual thoughts that a god governs "life and death" and "fortune and misfortune", Confucianists deny the governance of a god and emphasize the natural orders in which every phenomenon in the world moves according to the principle. Confucianists understand the death as a natural order with this principle. In Confucianists' belief, the essence of human being remains in their own descendent's lives after the death of ancestor, so in Confucianism there is no concept of immortality of the soul. In the history of Christianity, death has been defined generally as the separation of the immortal soul from the mortal body. In the earlier days of Old Testament, the death is regarded as a disappearance of just a flesh and human never disappear and always live in the relationship with God. Later days in Old Testament, we can find the growing concern for the life after the death because of the entrance of the theodicy. In the New Testament, the death is not regarded as the normal process of the human life and regarded as the abnormal status in which death come to human because of sin as a decisive factor and it should be conquered. In fact, the most of us afraid death because not of the fear of death itself but of the sense of the emptiness and regrets. so many people often make the monument hoping to live forever. But Christian usually regard this behavior as a sinful act because human being usually think themselves as a master of their life and attempt to become immortal in this kind of trial mortal. But if we live with God, we cannot confront such a condition because we aware limits as a mortal human being and entrust everything on Him and want to live according to His guidance. Therefore, in the Christian tradition, the death is regarded as accomplishment of life, fruits of life, invitation to the eternal life, and the last stage of human growth. For human being, the death is the great step of maturation as a human in the final stage of life.

• The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
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• no.35
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• pp.161-206
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• 2013

'Maeul' is a concept connoting a community. As a place where ordinary people's lives are planned and realized, Maeul is the foundation of their daily lives as well as a place where they work, rest and enjoy pastime activities. In Korea, however, most Maeul communities are dismantled while going though the modern period representing colonization and developmental dictatorship. Growth-oriented industrialization and urbanization turned into such adverse effects as individualization, a sense of loss and a sense of alienation. Recently, through innovations from below, Maeuls are restored, and through Maeul communities restored this way, every Maeul and many researchers carry out activities to build a healthy civil society. This study was conducted on such a background. For a healthy restoration of Maeul communities and a sustainable operation of those communities, it is necessary to establish archives where record the trace of Maeul members' daily lives and relations between those members. The archive of Maeul communities is a place that contains each Maeul's local characteristics as well as human relations as well. It is because this place can be space where Maeul members can record their history, communicate with each other and make a better future. The archive of Maeul communities can be made into various different models, which can be operated by reflecting the identity of a community such as main agents and characteristics, objectives and orientation of objects recorded. Rather than when Maeul communities exist as individuals, they can display more important functions and better effect when they form a network. Therefore, it is needed to provide various and creative methodologies different from the existing government-led record management. Not only on the form of archives, but also all over their functions, such as collection, arrangement, classification, evaluation, management and utilization, Maeul and Maeul residents' norms, orientation and realistic conditions should be thoroughly reflected. Starting from a chance to look back at individuals' lives, the archive of Maeul communities will be a new chapter to restore and build a healthy community in our society and overcome social contradictions from below. Moreover, the archive of Maeul communities has a great significance that it will broaden its prospect creatively with a new paradigm, not only mechanically turning the existing public sector-centered record management into a non-governmental sector.