• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.429-440
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of knee joint position sense following local and general load protocols in 25 healthy male subjects. Proprioception of the knee joint was evaluated by measuring absolute angular errors at matching angles before, after and between 2 different types of load protocols. Proprioception tests(on the dominant knee) were performed in which proprioception of the passivepassive reproduced and active-active reproduced knee position was measured. Local load was provided with maximum isokinetic knee extension-flexion on the isokinetic dynamometer(Cybex), and general load was 10 minutes running on a treadmill. Peak torque(knee extension and flexion) and heart rate(beats per minute) was evaluated as an indicator of local and general fatigue during load protocols. The results were as follows: 1. For pasive-pasive reproduced knee position test, significant difference in absolute angular errors after general load protocol was detected compared with that before general load protocol(P<.05), significant difference in absolute angular errors after local load protocol was detected compared with that before local load protocol(P<.05). However, no significant difference in absolute angular errors of general load protocol was detected compared with that of local load protocol (P>.05), no significant difference in absolute angular errors of local load protocol was detected compared with that of general load protocol(P>.05). 2. For active-active reproduced knee position test, significant difference in absolute angular errors after general load protocol was detected compared with that before general load protocol(P<.05), significant difference in absolute angular errors after local load protocol was detected compared with that before local load protocol (P<.05). Also, significant difference in absolute angular errors of general load protocol was detected compared with that of local load protocol(P<.05), significant difference in absolute angular errors of local load protocol was detected compared with that of general load protocol(P<.05). 3. A significant decrease of peak torque of knee extensors and flexors was seen after local load, although heart rate was significantly increased(P<.05). No significant change of peak torque of knee extensors and flexors was seen after general load(P>.05), although heart rate was also significantly increased(P<.05). The previous study revealed that knee proprioception is significantly altered when the muscle mechanoreceptors are dysfunctional due to muscle fatigue, although the joint mechanoreceptors have no significantly effect on knee proprioception when the presence of knee muscle fatigue. However, the results of this study are different from those of the previous study in that muscle weakness of the knee could not be seen after general load. This study shows that general load may diminish motor control by the central nervous system. Proprioceptional decline without muscle weakness of knee after general load suggests a change in the proprioceptional pathway without influence from muscle mechanoreceptors.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.43-51
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• 2013

Human being does work to live out and they have their private life because human has sociality. Both work and life are important to live out but they are on the trade-off relationship. Because keeping the balance between work and life is too hard, it has been interested by academic and practical areas. Definition of Work-life balance here is that balance or imbalance arising between work and life has no negative impact on their daily life. Above all, Work-life balance is important because it is strongly related to identity. Recently, the introduction of the mobile office system has emerged as a way to solve the problem of work-life balance. It is based on the teleworking which was formerly generated. Teleworking is to perform the work in the employee's home or office space set aside without going into the workplace. Concept of the mobile office system here is not only using portable devices during work for convenience but also the system which is designed for the performance. Thanks to the diffusion of smart devices(smart phone, tablet pc), mobile office system has been spread. Although the importance of mobile office systems is emerging, there are few researches about it. Even they mostly focus on the standpoint of performance of mobile office system. However, Quality of life is as important as the performance. As a part of Quality of Life field, Work-life balance is the closest to employee's quality of life. So this study aims to examine the effect of the use of mobile office systems on work-life balance. To do so, we try to find factors effecting Work-life balance from existing studies and then set a research model. We set the use of mobile office systems as independent variables which are divided by use of function, use by location and use by situation. There are four dependent variables - sense of self command, sense of balance, solving work problem, solving life problem. We collected data from employees who are using mobile office systems on their job. 215 people were participated in the survey and we used multiple regression analysis to verify our research model. Results show that every independent variable has no impact on solving work problem while they have slight impact on the other dependent variables. Especially use on the business trip has significant effect on dependent variables. It means that there is a possibility use of mobile office system could control the employee's quality of life and system should be evolved until it covers even critical tasks. Also, support for mobile office system -education, encouragement-should be provided. By mobile office system is maturing, future research would be done.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.1609-1619
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• 2016

The aim of this study was to identify the construct validity and reliability of a Korean version of the Wellness Evaluation of Lifestyle (K-WEL). A total of 345 nursing students completed the 99-item K-WEL. Construct validity using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis were conducted using SPSS WIN 22.0 and AMOS 18.0. The final K-WEL consisted of 71 scored items, 14 subscales (self worth, work, spirituality, gender identity, love, friendship, realistic belief, leisure, exercise, nutrition, stress management, emotional responsiveness, sense of control, sense of humor) and 4 factors (essential, social, physical and coping self). Goodness of fit of the final research model was acceptable as shown by ${\chi}^2=225.12$, p<.001, CMIN/DF=3.17, RMSEA=.08, NFI=.87, IFI=.91, CFI=.91. The convergent validity and discriminant validity was evaluated by AVE (.61~.69) and C.R. (.79~.89). The Cronbach's alpha values were .55~.87 for the subscales of K-WEL. This study shows that the K-WEL is a valid and reliable measurement to assess multidimensional aspects of wellness.

• The Mathematical Education
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.419-440
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• 2004

The purpose of this paper is to know the effects on number and operation abilities of the 1st grade children of elementary school by applying teaching and learning activity throught communication. For this purpose, we have studied according to the following procedure. 1. We divised teaching and learning model through communication and applied in the actual teaching and learning activity. 2. We investigated the effects of number and operations abilities of the 1st grade children by applying teaching and learning activity through communication. To accomplish this purpose, we applied learning activity through communication to the 1st grade of 40 elementary school children for about six months(September 1, 1999 ～ February 20, 2000). In process of applying this model, we collected all sorts of cases in the children's learning activity and investigated children's response on learning activity through communication, interview with children and researcher's observation. We applied the model through communication in class and compared with the traditional learning. 1. In learning through communication, children could solve the problem in themselves with a sense of responsibility. 2. It was impossible to find out the degree of children's comprehension in the explanatory learning. But in the learning through communication, it was a great help to individualize and plan the learning because children express their ideas clearly. It has conclusion as follows. The learning activity through communication has effected on forming number and operations abilities of the 1st grade of elementary school children importantly. 1. Children have improved in the abilities through communication to express their own ideas. 2. Children have studied with a sense of responsibility not in the teacher-oriented learning but in the self-directed learning 3. Children could find out the mathematical concepts in themselves - correcting false concepts, reguiding concepts by errors, finding invisible errors, solving problems variously and knowing the easy method. 4. The activity through communication in mathematics was a base of children's individual learning and important data of next learning plan. 5. The mathematical concepts formed through communication had a high transfer of learning. 6. Children have taken pleasure of discovery and had affirmative attitude about mathematics learning. We can make sure that number and operations abilities of the 1st grade children are formed by applying teaching and learning activity through communication. However, help and control of teacher have to be with it.

• Proceedings of the Microbiological Society of Korea Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.120-122
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• 2007

All living organisms use numerous signal-transduction pathways to sense and respond to their environments and thereby survive and proliferate in a range of biological niches. Molecular dissection of these signalling networks has increased our understanding of these communication processes and provides a platform for therapeutic intervention when these pathways malfunction in disease states, including infection. Owing to the expanding availability of sequenced genomes, a wealth of genetic and molecular tools and the conservation of signalling networks, members of the fungal kingdom serve as excellent model systems for more complex, multicellular organisms. Here, we employed Cryptococcus neoformans as a model system to understand how fungal-signalling circuits operate at the molecular level to sense and respond to a plethora of environmental stresses, including osmoticshock, UV, high temperature, oxidative stress and toxic drugs/metabolites. The stress-activated p38/Hog1 MAPK pathway is structurally conserved in many organisms as diverse as yeast and mammals, but its regulation is uniquely specialized in a majority of clinical Cryptococcus neoformans serotype A and D strains to control differentiation and virulence factor regulation. C. neoformans Hog1 MAPK is controlled by Pbs2 MAPK kinase (MAPKK). The Pbs2-Hog1 MAPK cascade is controlled by the fungal "two-component" system that is composed of a response regulator, Ssk1, and multiple sensor kinases, including two-component.like (Tco) 1 and Tco2. Tco1 and Tco2 play shared and distinct roles in stress responses and drug sensitivity through the Hog1 MAPK system. Furthermore, each sensor kinase mediates unique cellular functions for virulence and morphological differentiation. We also identified and characterized the Ssk2 MAPKKK upstream of the MAPKK Pbs2 and the MAPK Hog1 in C. neoformans. The SSK2 gene was identified as a potential component responsible for differential Hog1 regulation between the serotype D sibling f1 strains B3501 and B3502 through comparative analysis of their meiotic map with the meiotic segregation of Hog1-dependent sensitivity to the fungicide fludioxonil. Ssk2 is the only polymorphic component in the Hog1 MAPK module, including two coding sequence changes between the SSK2 alleles in B3501 and B3502 strains. To further support this finding, the SSK2 allele exchange completely swapped Hog1-related phenotypes between B3501 and B3502 strains. In the serotype A strain H99, disruption of the SSK2 gene dramatically enhanced capsule biosynthesis and mating efficiency, similar to pbs2 and hog1 mutations. Furthermore, ssk2, pbs2, and hog1 mutants are all hypersensitive to a variety of stresses and completely resistant to fludioxonil. Taken together, these findings indicate that Ssk2 is the critical interface protein connecting the two-component system and the Pbs2-Hog1 pathway in C. neoformans.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.8
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• pp.598-617
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• 2020

In many enterprises, the extent and the frequency of damages incurred due to the unethical behavior of the members of the organization have not reduced, but rather the magnitude and frequency of damages have been increasing. Research at an organizational level is necessary at this point in time, to investigate the contributing variables that cause this unethical behavior, the measures to manage them, and the control variables that can reduce unethical pro-organizational behavior. Therefore, this study seeks to explore perceived organizational support and psychological entitlement as leading factors of unethical pro-organizational behavior, based on the theory of social exchange, and to examine the reaction mechanism between these variables. This is particularly because a large number of the current labor force belongs to the millennial generation (born after 1978) or Generation Y, and their sense of psychological entitlement has been problematic in their organization. The effect of perceived organizational support on unethical pro-organizational behavior and the effect of psychological entitlement on unethical pro-organizational behavior were examined through a review of existing literature, and an empirical analysis was conducted to investigate the moderating effects of psychological entitlement on perceived organizational support and unethical pro-organizational behavior. A regression analysis was conducted based on the valid data of 185 members of an organization who belong to the millennial generation, and the analysis results showed that a sense of psychological entitlement had a moderating effect between perceived organizational support and unethical pro-organizational behavior. Based on these findings, this paper proposes theoretical and practical implications for unethical pro-organizational behavior and psychological entitlement, and hopes to contribute to expanding research in this area.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.169-178
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• 2012

The aim of this study is to look into the influential factors on the care-workers-perceived job stress level according as the elderly-perceived satisfaction varies depending on care workers' organizational characteristic & attitudes toward work, and there's necessity of reducing their job stress. Hereupon, this study, targeting the care workers at domiciliary visit care centers in Seoul district, analyzed the influential factors of organizational factors consisting of the sub-factors, such as job autonomy, compensation, education and development, members' interrelationship, etc. on the perception level of job stress. As a result of analysis, it was found that the shorter their working hours, the more their salary, the more guaranteed their job autonomy, and the better their interrelationship is, the care workers at a domiciliary visit care center had a positive perception of job stress. Accordingly, the operators of domiciliary visit care centers are requested to have a lot more concerns for diverse forms of improvements which can not only improve care workers' working conditions, such as daily working hours and a pay level but also promote a sense of fellowship between members; in addition, it is hoped that the operators should improve the organizational environment so that care workers can freely carry out their assigned business with a sense of responsibility rather than relying on control and regulation.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.11
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• pp.27-32
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• 2019

This study examined the mediated effects of job satisfaction and the control effects of the perceived organizational support awareness on the effects of safety awareness recognized by construction workers on unsafe acts as a way to reduce unsafe acts. To this end, 439 workers at 23 construction sites across the country received a questionnaire from July 1 to July 20, 2019 and the data were analyzed, which resulted in the following conclusions. First, the sense of safety in which construction workers are late has a direct influence on job satisfaction. Second, job satisfaction recognized by construction workers has been shown to have a direct negative effect on the anxiety act. Third, job satisfaction was influenced by the medium in relation to safety awareness and anxiety transfer act recognized by construction workers. Fourth, the adjustment effect of the perceived organizational support awareness in the relationship between safety awareness and task satisfaction was shown to be significant. This study suggests that to prevent unsafe acts at construction sites, increased safe acts reduce the level of anxiety transfer due to a high sense of safety and job satisfaction by workers.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.91-97
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• 1990

Complementary DNA (cDNA) coding for human cytoplasmic superoxide dismutase (SOD1) (superoxide: superoxide oxidoreductase E.C.1.15.1.1) was isolated from human liver cDNA library of $\lambda$gt11 by in situ plaque hybridization. The insery cDNA gas the 5' untranslational region (UTR) and 3'UTR of SOD1 gene. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) method was used fro subcloning of SOD1 structural gene. Using synthetic sense strand primer (24mer) containing a start codon and antisense strand primer (24mer), SOD1 structural gene was selectively amplified. Amplified DNA was directly cloned into the HincII site of pUC19 plasmid. Insery cDNA was subcloned into M13 mp19 and sequenced by dideowy chain termination method with Sequenase. The nucleotide sequence of insert cDNA had an open reading frame (ORF) coding for 153 amino acid residues. The structural gene of cytoplasmic SOD was placed under the control of bacteriophage $\lambda P_{L}$ regulatory sequences, generating a highly efficient expression plasmid. The production of human SOD1 in E. coli cells was about 7% of total cellular proteins and recombinant human SOD1 possessed its own enzymatic acitivity.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.20
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• pp.105-120
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• 2010

The education of arts has been known to have positive impacts on not only general public but also for groups that have low self-satisfaction or that feel a sense of alienation. For example, there are research reports that confirm that there was a change in the sense of accomplishment and self-effectiveness on the students in industrial high schools that have less self-assurance and faith in their own identities compared to the academic high schools after taking art classes. Also, it has been discovered in another study on juvenile delinquents that how they spend their leisure time affected the rate of second convictions. In addition, in the , it has been shown that the juveniles preferred the cartoon and animation field the most among different art fields. The purpose of this research is developing a learning-teaching curriculum that can be used in the youth detention center schools based on above research results. The goal of the arts education in the youth detention center must be in increasing the inner control factors such as self-esteem and self-confidence rather than raising professional technicians for employment. Therefore, the researcher will understand the environmental particulars of the youth detention center which is closed and in which group works take the most proportion to develop and propose a teaching-learning curriculum most appropriate for such environment to conduct cartoon and animation education.