• 대한간호
• /
• 제29권1호
• /
• pp.59-71
• /
• 1990

Although the usefulness and importance of clinical application of nursing diagnosis are well recognized by the academic circle, it is not yet generally practiced. In order to provide data for establishing a policy for clinical nursing diagnosis; a study was made at a seminar, sponsored by the Department of nursing, Severance Hospital, with participation of 190 nurses from 33 hospitals. The objective of the study was to find out; 1) if the nurses agree with the academic community in recognizing the benefits and problems of clinical application of nursing diagnosis; 2) how the nurses evaluate their ability to carry out nursing diagnosis; and 3) if educational programs would help enhance ability of nursing diagnosis among nurses. The summary of findings by the study is as follows; 1. While all nurses responded positively on the question of benefits improving science and quality of nursing, thus elevating credibility and position of nurses, some expressed concern on the practicality of the system in setting up nursing objectiveness, confirming the nursing problems and utilizing patient information. For the 20 questions and the scale of 1~5, the lowest average score was 3.223 and the highest 4.066. 2. The study attempted to find out the opinion of the nurses on the problems that 'would make difficult to adopt the nursing diagnosis in clinics. The result of the study indicates the nurses believe the major problems are the fact that the subject of nursing diagnosis are not well defined and that the form sheets do not match with the ones that are currently being used. However, comparing it with the result of the previous study on the same question (inadequate manpower and insufficienf time allocated for the job were two major problems pointed out then.), it can be said that the opinion of the nurses studied this time was much more positive and it suggests that they believe the system can be adopted without increasing manpower and only by giving additional training and by adjusting the format of nursing record sheets. It suggests that the future for adopting a clinical nursing diagnosis is very bright. 3. As the most urgent problem to be solved for adopting clinical nursing diagnosis, 38. 5% responded that it was "education of nurses, "and 34.2% responded that it was "staffing adequate number of nurses". 4. For the 10 questions asked for self-evaluation of ability to adopt the system, with the scale of 1~5, average score was lower than 3. This indicate that they evaluate their ability to adopt the system is low. 5. The results of study taken before and after the educational programs for clinical nursing diagnosis were compared with overall score in order to determine if such program would cause changes in the response to the effect of clinical application of nursing diagnosis, and it was found that there was statistically significant changes suggesting that the education contributed to positive change in the response. 6. The results of study taken before and after the educational programs for clinical nursing diagnosis were compared with overall score in order to determine how the proble~ ms for adopting nursing system would be effected by such educational programs, and it was found that those problems be not soived with a short course of training. 7. The results of study taken before and after the educational programs for clinical nursing diagnosis were compared with overall score in order to determine if such programs would bring changes in the self-evaluation of nurses on the ability of nursing diagno sis, and it was found that program improve score of self-evaluation their ability of the nursing diagnosis. As seen in the above reports, it was found that the nu'rses are very positive about the clinical nursing diagnosis, that educational program for the clinical nursing diagnosis helps nurses for positively changing their attitude for ,the nursing diagnosis, for their self-confidence on their ability to perform nursing diagnosis. With improved know-how and self"confictence of nurses gained through educational and .training programs, the future of clinical application of nursing diagnosis is very bright.diagnosis is very bright.

• 한국식품저장유통학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국식품저장유통학회 1993년도 정기총회 및 제3차 학술발표회
• /
• pp.6-9
• /
• 1993

According to changes in population, economic conditions, life-stile and eating habits, the frui ts and vegetables market wi 11 be shi fted from processed (i. e. , canned) to fresh. Undressed fresh produce, consisting of washed, disinfected and peeled fruits and vegetables that either sliced or grated, are currently increased in demand by retail and institutional market which use them as salad components or in ready-to use foods, Main attributes of minimally processed fruits and vegetables are convenience and fresh-like quality. Minimally processed Products readily deteriorate in quality, especially color and texture, as a result of endogeneous enzyme enhanced respiration and microorganisms which lead to reduced shelf Iife. According to changes in population, economic conditions, life-stile and eating habits, the frui ts and vegetables market wi 11 be shi fted from processed (i. e. , canned) to fresh. Undressed fresh produce, consisting of washed, disinfected and peeled fruits and vegetables that either sliced or grated, are currently increased in demand by retail and institutional market which use them as salad components or in ready-to use foods, Main attributes of minimally processed fruits and vegetables are convenience and fresh-like quality. Minimally processed Products readily deteriorate in quality, especially color and texture, as a result of endogeneous enzyme enhanced respiration and microorganisms which lead to reduced shelf Iife. Thus. to prevent these undesirable changes , val'ious techniques such as controlled atmosphere (CA) storage, modified atmosphere OIA) storage, including vacuum packaging have been receiving considerable attention, Although milch research has been done to find optimal conditions for whole intact frui ts and vegetables, only limi ted information is avai lable on fresh cut. and other minimally processed products. 81 iced frui ts exhibi t increas~d ethylene production and respiration compal'ed to whole f, 'uits during distribution in response to tissue damage. As a result, accelerated senescence and enzymatic browning OCCUI', Recent l'esearch on minimally processed fl'uits and vegetables has mainly focused on methods to inhibit browning, due to ban on use of sulfur dioxide, In order to retard or prevent these physiological changes, val'ious al ternatives, reducing agents. acidulants, chelating agents and inol'ganic sal ts have been evaluated for use on fresh cut fl'ui ts. Al though some agents were effective replacement for sulfur dioxide. consum$\textregistered$I'S demandless use of chemical on such products. Shel~ life of minimally processed products has been extended by inhibition of metabolic reactions associated with loss of quality and by inhibition of aerobic spoilage caused by wide variety of microorganisms. Appl ication of ~I.-\ packaging, including vacuum packaging, retards the rate of respiration, prevents growth of aerobic spoilage organisms, inhibits oxidation and color deterioration. Tissue softening is another major problem in minimally processed products because enzymes re 1 a ted to ce 11 wa 11 degrada t i on are not inactivated. Various treatments have been investigated for retardation of the softening of sliced products. Some studies have concentrated on the application of an active packaging system with ~I, l. packaging and calcium infi 1 tration as possible measures to retain firmness of processed products. In my opinion, one important step for production of minimally processed frui ts wi th favorabl e color of cut surface and firm texture is the selection of better cultivar. As the view, changing tendency of fresh color by apple cultivars and relationship between the tendency and PPO activity will be discussed in the seminar. In addition to the topic, research result on quality enhancement of fresh apple slices by heat shock treatment will be introduced.

• 시큐리티연구
• /
• 제11호
• /
• pp.203-226
• /
• 2006

행사장은 다중이 운집되어 있는 특수한 경호대상지역으로서 특성상 고도의 전문성과 총체적이고 통합적 경호 운용시스템이 요구된다. 그럼에도 불구하고 최근에 발생한 상주 ‘가요콘서트’ 행사장사고는 민간경호업체의 전문성은 물론 종합적 안전관리체제의 미비, 전문 안전요원 배치기준 미비, 안전관리를 위한 매뉴얼 부재, 안전조치 부재 등 총체적인 문제점들을 내포하고 있었다. 그러므로 산재되어있는 국내 행사장경호에 관한 법적${\cdot}$제도적, 정책적, 운용적인 부문별 문제점과 그에 대한 개선방안을 모색하는데 본 연구의 목적이 있었으며, 본 연구를 수행하기위해 질적 연구방법을 택하여 연구를 수행하였다. 본 연구에서는 최적의 행사장경호 운용시스템을 구축하기 위한 개선방안으로 법적${\cdot}$제도적 개산방안, 정책적 개선방안, 운용적 개선방안이라는 세 가지 범주의 개선방안을 제시하였다. 법적${\cdot}$제도적 개선방안으로는 경비업법의 개정 사안, 공연법 등 행사장 경호와 관련된 관련법령의 개정 사안에 대해 논의하였다. 정책적 개선방안으로는 ‘시큐리티기획사’제도의 도입과 ‘경비지도사’제도의 강화, 관계기관의 기능 확대와 상호협력체제 구축, 수익성행사의 민영화, 민간경호에 대한 의식의 제고, 시큐리티 박람회 및 세미나의 확대에 대해 논의하였다. 운용적 개선방안으로는 시큐리티컨설팅 기법, CPTED 기법의 적용, 시스템 통합 기법, 경호운용 기법 등의 전문 시큐리티 기법의 적용, 공경호와 자원봉사자의 지원시스템 마련, 표준 ‘경호업무매뉴얼’마련, 장비의 현대화${\cdot}$첨단화, 산${\cdot}$학${\cdot}$관이 참여하는 경호협의체의 구성을 제안하였다.목, 검정방법 등을 결정하도록 한다. 그리고 직업교육훈련기관의 설치 또는 연계가 필요하다.가 여자보다 더 높게 나타났다. 취업 준비를 위해 중점적으로 준비하는 것으로는 어학 공부가 40.4%로, 취업에 대한 자신감에서는 긍정적인 응답이 39.6%로 나타나 14.0%로 나타난 부정적인 응답보다 월등히 높게 나타났다. 다섯째, 경호관련 대학생들의 직업 선호도에 대해 49.2%가 공경호 분야를 선택해서 안정적인 직종을 원했고, 34.0%가 민간경호, 사설 경비업체를 선택하였다. 또한 공경호쪽에서의 희망 직종으로는 대통령 경호가 28.6%로 가장 높게 나타났다. 민간경호 부분에 있어서는 21.2%가 민간 경호, 경비업체를 선호하는 것으로 나타났다.로 분석하여 특정시기(월)에 국한되어 폐각근과 내장낭의 생화학적 함량변화가 역상관관계를 나타내는 현상을 보였다. 특히, 폐각근과 내장낭내 총 RNA 함량 변화 양상은 총단백질 함량 변화 양상과 유사한 경향을 보여 RNA 함량 증가시 단백질 함량의 증가가 일어나고 있음을 알 수 있었다.순응이 초기에 높을 때 약물 순응률이 보다 높았다. 결국 약물치료 효과에 대한 만족도가 순응률 결정에 가장 중요한 요인이라고 생각되며, 약물치료효과를 높이기 위한 다양한 전략을 사용하여, 약물 순응도를 향상 시킬 필요가 있다고 생각된다.으나, 주의력에서는 전두엽의 실행능력(executive function)과 관련되는 검사들에서 산소흡입이 특이한 효과를 보여준다는 것이 확인되었고, 기억능력에서는 단기기억능력 평가에서 산소흡입군이 대조군보다 유의한 효과를 보여주는 것으로 평가되었다. 이러한 연구결과는 산소흡입이 전두엽과 관련된 수행능력, 작동기억능력 향상에 도움이 될 가능성이 있음을 시사하는 결과라고 생각된다.증 1명(5%)이었다. 모든 대상 아동이 주 진단 이외의

• 시큐리티연구
• /
• 제31호
• /
• pp.157-185
• /
• 2012

오늘날 사이버 공간의 도래와 일상화라는 증강 현실의 확대, 그리고 세계화로 인한 인간과 물품, 그리고 문화의 빠른 이동 등의 결과는 우리가 생산을 하고 경제활동을 하고 문화생활을 하는 일상의 혁명적인 변환뿐만 아니라 우리가 상대방을 공격하고 파괴하는 범죄나 전쟁 등의 폭력 사용에서의 혁명적인 변환을 가져왔다. 그리고 이러한 환경 조건의 변화는 개인적인 차원에서 지역적 차원, 그리고 국가적 차원과 지구적 차원에 걸쳐 다른 차원에서 각각 존재해 왔던 여러 다양한 차원의 안보 또는 치안의 위협들을 서로 결합시킴으로서 이러한 여러 다른 차원의 안보 또는 치안의 위협들을 다차원 안보위협의 총합이라는 형태로 오늘날 우리의 삶과 개개인의 안전과 국가적 단위에 심각한 위협이 되도록 조건지우고 있다. 이 논문은 이러한 다차원 안보위협의 총합이 서로 얽혀 있으며 각각의 개별 안보 위협들의 총합을 함께 바라보는 통합적 시각을 가질 때 문제의 근원적 실체를 제대로 이해할 수 있고 우리가 직면하고 있는 공포의 실체를 정확히 파악할 수 있음을 보여주고자 한다. 이 글에서 제시하는 개념인 융합안보라는 개념은 다차원 안보위협의 총합에 대한 통합적 네트워크적 응전의 방식을 개념적으로 제시한 것이다. 융합안보는 기존의 국가안보와 치안이라는 분절적 시각을 극복하고 국가안보와 치안을 통합적으로 인식하고 정보기관, 군, 경찰, 검찰, 소방, 민간 경비 등의 각 영역들의 경계를 넘어 통합적으로 접근함으로서 오늘날 다차원 안보위협이 던지고 있는 도전들에 대한 응전의 방식들을 만들어 가고자하는 개념적 노력이다. 그와 함께 이 논문은 융합안보와 관련하여 해외의 주요 국제기구와 국가들에서 시도되고 있는 통합적 네트워크적 대응 방안들에 대해서도 소개하고자 한다. 글쓴이는 지난 10년간 미국, 러시아, 이스라엘, 우즈베키스탄, 오스트리아, 캐나다, 멕시코, 독일 등지를 돌면서 관찰하였던 사항들과 여러 교육, 훈련과 세미나, 콘퍼런스, 그리고 개인적 접촉 등의 기회를 통해 가졌던 여러 관련 전문가들과의 인터뷰 등의 내용을 종합하여 유엔 등 국제기구와 세계의 여러 주요 국가들에서 시도되어오고 있는 오늘날의 보다 복잡한 안보위협들에 대한 융합적 대응방안들, 즉 기관의 네트워크적 협력, 데이터베이스의 구축 및 교류 등 을 소개할 것이다.

• 대한공업교육학회지
• /
• 제34권1호
• /
• pp.87-112
• /
• 2009

이 연구의 목적은 방송 산업 분야의 특성화고등학교로 전환을 위한 S특성화 방송고등학교의 실험 실습실 재구조 방안과 리모델링 모형 및 방향을 제시하는 것이다. 각 과별로 실험 실습실 재구조 방안은 첫째, 각 전공별로 개편할 실습실명과 평면도 및 투시도를 구성주의 철학에 맞도록 재구성 설계하였다.둘째, 과별로 주요 실험 실습실 개편에서 방송기계과에서는 방송무대기계실습실, 방송기계요소가공실, 방송기계설비실습실, 영상기계실습실 등, 방송전기통신과에서는 영상 음향편집실, 방송통신설비실, 방송시스템실습실, 무대조명실습실 등, 방송무대건축과에는 방송무대제작실습실, 방송무대디자인 실습실, 방송무대장식실습실 등 각과별로 7실을 제안하였다. 셋째, 과별 사무실을 세미나실로 배치하였고, 각 실습장은 전공별 전담제로 실습실 관리 및 연구실화하는 방향으로 설계하였다. 넷째, 과별로 산학협력실을 설치하여 외부의 기업체가 입주시켜 산학협력교육이 원활하게 이루어 질 수 있도록 산학 연계 교육의 장으로 구상하였다. 그리고 각 과별로 실험 실습장 1실에 대하여 개편 실습실명, 평면도 및 투시도, 실습실 운용 방안 등을 예를 들어 제시하였다. 특히 방송 관련 실험 실습실 운영을 효율적으로 하기 위해서는 산학겸임교사 활용, 방송기술관련 전문 동아리, 학교내 기업 유치 등을 중요한 요인으로 제시하였다. 끝으로 방송 산업 분야의 특성화고등학교로 성공하기 위한 실험 실습실 리모델링 및 장비 구입에 많이 예산이 소요되는 분야이므로 '민간자본유치사업(BTL)'을 유치하는 것도 바람직하다.

• 한국잠사곤충학회지
• /
• 12호
• /
• pp.37-45
• /
• 1970

1969년도 우리나라 제사공장의 공정관리 실태를 조사분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1 춘추잠기 공히 최성일을 포함한 5일간(최성일전후 각 2일)의 출하량이 전공판량의 약 80% 내외이고 최성일의 －3일까지 및 ＋3일이후의 출하량은 가각 10% 내외이다. 2. 생견의 운반도로상태는 92% 내외가 비포장도로이고 전공장이 구견량의 40% 내외를 40km이상되는 공판장에서 트럭으로 운반하고 있는 실정이므로 생견수송중의 격동에 의한 견질손상을 최소한으로 감소시킬 수 있는 생견의 새로운 포장방법이 청구되어야 할 것이다. 3. 전공장의 22%가 생사품위의 저하요인이 되고 있는 저온건조고만을 설치하고 있는 실정이드로 이들 공장에 대한 열풍건견기의 설치는 시급하다고 본다. 4. 원료견의 가일조제방법은 50% 내외가 정상(1.2.3.4등견), 정하(5.6등견)로 구분하고 있는바 우리나라의 견질성상으로 볼 때 정상(1.2등견), 정중(3.4 등견) 정하(5.6등견)로 구분하여 조제하는 방향으로 개선시켜야 될 것이다. 5. 선제견비율은 다조조사용이 10% 내외 자동조사용이 15% 내외로서 다조용보다 자동용이 높았으며 대 1인당 1일 선견능력은 약 80~100kg이었다. 6. 자견조건은 원료견의 해서가 불량할수록 자견시간 자견압력 및 자견온도가 높았으며 자동조사용 및 옥사조사용의 원료견은 다조조사용의 원료견보다 약자상태이었다. 7. 자동조사가 다조조사보다 1~2$^{\circ}C$의 저온에서 약 2배의 권취속도로 조사하고 있다. 8. 재조온습도는 실내가 $25^{\circ}C$, 67.2%RH 기내가 32.3$^{\circ}C$ 51.9% RH이었고 권취속도는 233m/min 대 1인당 담당창수는 7.5창이었으며 타래의 형태는 전공장이 배인이었다. 9. 제사용수의 용수원은 약 75%가 지하수이고 정수시설이 미비되어 있는 공장이 약 48%인바 이들 공장에 대한 정수시설의 완비는 시급한 과제이다. 10. 대부분의 공장이 자체검사시설로서 검위형, 무척기 Seriplane 검사시설을 보유하고 있다. 11. 진공삼투기는 전공장의 90%이상이 재조공정에서 약 20% 공장이 자견공정에서 활용하고 있다. 12. 제사공정에서 화학약제를 사용하는 공장은 약 21%에 불과하며 사용하는 약제는 대부분의 공장이 자견과정에서는 Seracol "100"을 재조과정에서는 Seracol "500"이었다. 13. 이상의 조사결과를 종합하여 볼 때 공정관리면에서는 각제사공장간에 큰 차이를 나타내고 있으므로 강습회 등을 통한 각공장간의 기술교류는 우리나라 제사업의 생산성을 제고시키는 한 요인이 될것이다.성을 제고시키는 한 요인이 될것이다.

• 한국치위생학회지
• /
• 제7권4호
• /
• pp.583-594
• /
• 2007

The purpose of this study was to conduct a survey on the senses that preliminary dental hygienists have on employment, who applied for the National Dental Hygienist Examination, so that it could provide a basic reference required for fostering good human resources specializing in oral health with a sense of mission and responsibility as professional. To meet these goals, a self-administered questionnaire survey was conducted for participants in a refresher education meeting for preliminary dental hygienists across three major regions(Seoul, Daejeon and Busan), which was held by the Korean Dental Hygienists Association(KDHA) on Jan. 15, 2006. Total 289 sheets of questionnaire were collected, and 262 sheets except invalid or incomplete ones were used for examination and analysis. As a result, this study came to the following conclusions: First, it was found that 40.4% respondents wanted to be employed in dental clinic or hospital. Most respondents(90.1%) answered that faithfulness is most valued as prerequisite qualification for employment in hospital, and highest percentage of respondents(39.3%) wanted to earn 16 to 17 million Korean won annually. For internship opportunities, 61.9% respondents replied that they could willingly accept the internship, provided that basic pay and switchover to regular employee are all assured. Second, as the results of survey on employment circumstances around respondents, it was found that most respondents(58.3%) were employed in dental clinic or hospital, and highest percentage of respondents(35.0%) earned 15 to 16 million Korean won. Third, it was found that interpersonal relationships among employees had most significant effects(4.81) on selection of employment, which was followed by in-house welfare benefits 1(monthly/annual vacation, resting room, etc; 4.56). For possible influential factors on the selection of employment depending on whether employed or not, it was found that there were Significant differences in pay, welfare benefit 2(seminar, orientation, refresher training opportunities, etc), post-wedding continued employment and merit system between employees and non-employees(pE0.05). Fourth, the survey on respondents' occupational senses of dental hygienist showed that major tasks of dental hygienists were represented by oral disease prevention(92.6%), case management(71.5%), oral health education(66.3%), hospital/clinic management and dental management support(10.4%) and public oral health activities(6.7%) respectively. For job satisfaction, it was found that almost half respondents(48.9%) showed satisfaction at their job and 32.6% felt satisfied at and proud of their job. That is, majority of respondents(81.5%) felt satisfied at their job as dental hygienist. For follow-up requirements to qualify for dental hygienists, it was found that 73.3% felt it necessary to give more investments to self-development, 62.2% respondents considered protection of membership's rights as one of future assignments that KDHA should be more committed to. For future social awareness about dental hygienists as occupation, 69.2% respondents expected that they would be better developed and treated as professional. And desired training courses as a part of qualification for professional dental hygienists were represented by case management(services, manners, etc; 33.3%), implant(28.9%), esthetics(correction, prosthesis, whitening; 18.9%) and so on. For an item on working years, it was noted that 75.9% respondents would keep working as dental hygienists as long as they could.

• 한국문헌정보학회지
• /
• 제18권
• /
• pp.277-325
• /
• 1990

The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of instructors' utilization of the reserve collection in the university library. To accomplish this, an experiment-and-questionnaire study was done by selecting an experimental group for whom the teaching method utilizing the reserve collection was used and a control group for whom the method was not used. An experimental group and a control group studied were as follows: (1) Students take the 'Comparative Politics' course in the Department of Political Science. (2) Students take the 'History of 'English Literature' course III the Department of English Language and Literature. The data to test the hypothesis were analyzed by SPSS/PC+ routine. The results are as follows: (1) There were significant differences between the experimental group and the control group in academic achievement(T(228)=6.69, P<.01). To investigate the difference in effect by major, the one-way analysis of variance was employed. According to the results, there were significant differences between the experimental group and the control group In the Department of Political Science and the Department of English Language & Literature. Therefore, students for whom the teaching method utilizing the reserve collection was used have higher academic achievement than those for whom the method was not used. (2) As for the degree of utilizing the library and its materials, there were significant differences between the experimental group and the control group(T(228)=8.87, P<.01). As for the results of the one-way analysis of variance to investigate the difference in effect by major, there were significant differences between the experimental group and the control group in both departments. As for the degree of utilizing library catalogues and bibliographical tools, there were significant differences between the experimental group and the control group(T (228)=8.55, P<.01). As stated earlier, the one-way analysis of variance to investigate the difference in effect by major has shown that there were significant differences between the experimental group and the control group in both departments. As for the degree of sincerity in doing homework and writing papers, there were significant differences between the experimental group and the control group(T(176)=8. 03, P<.01). To investigate the difference in effect by major, the one-way analysis of variance was again employed. According to the results, there were again significant differences between the experimental group and the control group in both departments. So, the students for whom the teaching method utilizing the reserve collection was employed used library catalogues and bibliographical tools much more than those for whom the method was not employed, and were more sincere in doing homework and writing papers. (3) There were also significant differences between the experimental group and the control group in degree of satisfaction in taking the course (T (228) = 6.61, P<.01). The results of the one-way analysis of variance to investigate the difference in effect by major was that there were significant differences between the experimental group and the control group in both departments. Therefore, the degree of satisfaction of students who were taught by the teaching method utilizing the reserve collection is higher than that of those who were not taught by the method. On the other hand, the responses of the experimental groups of two departments as to the degree of satisfaction with their teaching method was investigated. The result shows that students who took the 'Comparative Politics' course in a small class which employed the seminar method were higher in degree of satisfaction with the teaching method than students who took the 'History of English Literature' course III a large class which employed a lecture-oriented teaching method.

• 사상체질의학회지
• /
• 제10권1호
• /
• pp.215-233
• /
• 1998

본 연구(硏究)는 1998.1월(月)에서 1998.6월(月)사이에 동의대학교(東義大學校) 한의과대학(韓醫科大學) 부속한방병원(附屬韓方病院)에 입원(入院) 가료중(加h療中)인 환자 27명을 대상(對象)으로 하였으며, 사상체질(四象體質)의 판별(判別)은 사상체질분류검사(四象體質分類檢査)(QSCCII)를 중심으로 하였다. 본 결과는 사상체질분류검사(四象體質分類檢査)(QSCCII)와 사상학회(四象學會) 부산시지부(釜山市支部)에서 사용하고 있는 설문지(說問紙)를 비교하여 얻은 것이다. 1. 얼굴모양에 있어서는 태음인(太陰人)과 소양인(少陽人)에 비하여 소음인(少陰人)이 "눈코입이 작고 섬세한 편"이라고 대답하는 빈도가 높았다. 2. 걸음걸이에 있어서는 태음인(太陰人)과 소음인(少陰人)이 소양인(少陽人)에 비하여 "걸음이 빠르고 몸을 흔든다."라고 대답하는 빈도가 낮았다. 3. 피부(皮膚)에 있어서는 소양인(少陽人)에 비하여 소음인(少陰人)이 "희고 마른 편이다"라고 대답하는 빈도가 높았으며, 태음인(太陰人)은 빈도가 낮았다. 4. 피부(皮膚)에 있어서는 "피부가 부드럽고 마른 편이다."라는 항목에서는 소양인(少陽人)과 태음인(太陰人)이 소음인(少陰人)에 비하여 낮은 빈도를 보이고 있었다. 5. 전반적인 얼굴에서 느껴지는 느낌에서는 "단정하다."라는 항목에서 태음인(太陰人)에 비하여 소음인(少陰人)은 높은 빈도의 대답을 하였으며, 소양인(少陽人)은 낮은 빈도의 대답을 하였다. 6. 한출(汗出)에 있어서는 태음인(太陰人)이 소양인(少陽人)과 소음인(少陰人)에 비하여 "대체로 땀이 적은 편이거나 땀이 다른 사람보다 적다"라고 대답하는 빈도가 낮았다. 7. 식욕(食慾)에 있어서는 소양인(少陽人)과 태음인(太陰人)에 비하여 소음인(少陰人)이 "기분에 따라 식욕이 증가되거나 감소되는 편차가 심하다"라고 대답하는 빈도가 높았다. 8. 대변(大便)에 있어서는 "평소에 대변이 무른 것보다 단단해야 건강 상태가 좋다."라는 항목과 "대변이 무르거나 설사가 나면 건강 상태가 나빠진다.(찬 것, 기름진 것을 먹으면 심하다.)"라는 항목에서 소양인(少陽人)에 비하여 소음인(少陰人)은 그렇다고 대답하는 빈도가 높았으며 태음인(太陰人)은 그 빈도가 낮았다. 9. 소변(小便)에 있어서는 소음인(少陰人)에 비하여 소양인(少陽人)과 태음인(太陰人)이 "몸에 열이 많으면 갈증이 나서 물을 먹는데 먹는 것보다 소변량이 더 많이 보게 된다."라고 대답하는 빈도가 낮았다. 10. 피부(皮膚)에 있어서는 소양인(少陽人)과 태음인(太陰人)에 비하여 소음인(少陰人)은 "피부가 매끈매끈하다."라고 대답하는 빈도가 높았다. 11. 평소에 느끼는 자각증세에 있어 소음인(少陰人)에 비하여 소양인(少陽人)과 태음인(太陰人)에게서 "건망증(健忘症)"이라고 대답하는 빈도가 낮았다.

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
• /
• 제14권1호
• /
• pp.273-314
• /
• 2004

There is a belief in the construction industry that the traditional court system may not be an ideal forum to effectively and efficiently resolve construction disputes due to the protracted proceedings and the three tier appeal system resulting in a long delay in the final and conclusive settlement of the dispute, relatively high costs involved, the lack of requisite knowledge and experience in the relevant industry, etc. Hence, they assert that certain alternative dispute resolution ('ADR') methods, such as mediation, conciliation, arbitration or a new system for dispute settlement in the form of any combination thereof should be developed and employed for construction disputes so as to resolve them more promptly and efficiently to the satisfaction of all the disputants concerned. This paper discusses certain merits of such assertions and the need for additional considerations for effective resolution of the construction disputes in light of the complexity of the case, importance of expert witnesses, parties' relationship and non-level playing field of the construction industry and so on. At the same time, however, given the inherent nature of disputes rendering the parties involved in an adversarial position, it would rather be difficult, if not practically impossible, to satisfy all the parties concerned in the dispute. Accordingly, in this study, it is also purported to address the demerits of such assertions by studying the situation from a more balanced perspective, in particular, in relation to the operation of such ADRs. In fact, most of such ADRs as stipulated by special acts, such as the Construction Industry Basic Act of Korea, in the form of mediation or conciliation, have failed to get support from the industry, and as a result, such ADRs are seldom used in practice. Tn contrast, the court system has been greatly improved by implementing a new concentrated review system and establishing several tribunals designed to specialize in the review and resolution of specific types of disputes, including the construction disputes. These improvements of the court system have been warmly received by the industry. Arbitration is another forum for settlement of construction disputes, which has grown and is expected to grow as the most effective ADR with the support from the construction industry. In this regard, the Korean Commercial Arbitration Board ('KCAB') has established a set of internal rules end procedures in operation to efficiently handle construction disputes. Considering the foregoing, this paper addresses the most important elements of the arbitration, i.e., arbitration agreement and arbitral award, primarily focusing on the domestic arbitrations before the KCAB. However, since this parer is prepared for presentation at the construction disputes seminar for the public audience, it is not intended for academic purposes, nor does it delve into any specific acadcmic issues. Likewise, although this paper addresses certain controversial issues by way of introduction, it mainly purports to facilitate the understanding of the general public, including the prospective arbitrators on the KCAB roster without the relevant legal education and background, concerning the importance of the integrity of the arbitration agreement and the arbitral award. In sum, what is purported in this study is simply to note that there are still many outstanding issues with mediation, conciliation and arbitration, as a matter of system, institutional operation or otherwise, for further study and consideration so as to enhance them as effective means for settlement of construction disputes, in replacement of or in conjunction with the court proceeding. For this purpose, it is essential for all the relevant parties, including lawyers, engineers, owners, contractors and social activists aiming to protect consumers' and subcontractors' interests, to conduct joint efforts to study the complicated nature of construction works and to develop effective means for examination and handling of the disputes of a technical nature, including the accumulation of the relevant industrial data. Based on the foregoing, the parties may be in a better position to select the appropriate dispute resolution mechanism, a court proceeding or in its stead, an effective ADR, considering the relevant factors of the subject construction works or the contract structure, such as the bargaining position of the parties, their financial status, confidentiality requirements, technical or commercial complexity of the case at hand, urgency for settlements, etc.