• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.28 no.7
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• pp.995-1006
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• 2004

This study examines the effects of clothing style and the order effect on impression formation. The instrument of this study consisted of response scales and stimuli. Fifty-one items of 7-point semantic differential scales, 9 items of demographic traits, and 4 items of subjective evaluation scales were developed. Stimuli were color pictures of a model wearing each of two clothing styles(mannish style, feminine style). The sample include 56 male and female subjects in their twenties and thirties. The experimental design was within-subject design and the half of the sample responded to the mannish style first and the other half responded to the feminine style first. Responses to the semantic differential scales were factor analyzed, and seven factors were identified: intellectuality, sensibility, activity, modesty, competence, display, keenness. There were significant differences between mannish style and feminine style in impression of wearer＇s age, job, and physical attractiveness as well as wearer＇s intellectuality and sensibility. It was revealed that the first impression and second impression of wearer＇s intellectuality, sensibility, modesty, competence, display were differed by the function of the order of stimuli shown to the subjects. Both primacy effect and recency effect of order effect were confirmed, and especially negativity effect was influenced prominently on impression formation.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.25 no.10
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• pp.1407-1415
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• 2016

In this study, we investigated the relationship between noise reduction and the community structure of nine groups of typical plant communities as well as the reduction in noise at different frequencies. The semantic differential method was adopted to explore the perception of noise reduction. The results indicated that there was a significantly positive correlation between noise reduction and coverage, a significantly negative correlation between noise reduction and bifurcate height, and a negative correlation between noise reduction and bare rate. However, there was no significant correlation between noise reduction and height, diameter at breast height, or crown width. The reduction of middle-frequency noise was better than that of low- and high-frequency noise. The indicators "quiet" and "calm" showed that plant communities could reduce the noise perceived by humans. However, overly dense woodland caused nervousness, fear, depression, and other negative effects. Relatively open environments and those with large forest gaps obtained the highest evaluation.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.13-24
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• 1996

The purpose of this study is to suggest optimum level of the Ratio of Greenery within the frame of vision in the interior landscape design through the analysis of visual character and preference of the interior landscape. The concept of the RG was defined as the ratio of projected area of plants higher than 1.2M against background wall from eye level. 5 photography of Interior landscape space -- 10,20,30,40 and 50% of the RG-- were constructed by computer graphic techinques. Likert scale and semantic differential scale were used to analyse visual character and preference of the interior landscape space. The analysis results are as follows : 1. Factors that compose of the image of the interior landscape have been found to be the "evaluation ", "complexity". The mean value of semantic differential scale showed a significant difference according to RG. When the RG was 20~30%, "Harmony" and "stability" was strongly recognized than the other factors and the interior landscape made the interior space natural and intimate. But at the RG 40!50%, users felt "stuffy" and "too complex" by many plants, so it was not efficient the Interior Landscape. 2. The visual preference was significantly different according to RG. The mean value of the visual preference was increased as the RG was higher, it was the highest at the RG 30%. But over the RG 30%, the preference level was declined. 3. Based on these results, this study suggests that the optimum level of RG in the Interior Landscape is 30%.at the optimum level of RG in the Interior Landscape is 30%.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.1015-1026
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• 2006

The purpose of the study were to find out (1) the effect of motives on perceiver's image perception on ramie fabrics, and perceiver's trait, age and gender on sensory image evaluation of ramie fabrics. The research was a quasi experiment and experimental materials developed for the study were a set of material stimuli and semantic differential scales to measure sensory image of the stimuli, an aesthetic value scale. the independent design was motif design techniques(Plain Weave, burnt-out, embroidery, stripe, check). The subjects were 421 adults in Daejeon and Seachun. The results was as follows: The factor analysis of semantic differential scales for the ramie materials emerged 4 different image dimensions: attractiveness, hand, elegance, weight). The five design techniques showed significantly different image affects on some selective dimensions. The burn-out design gave the most attractive image, the embroidery design gave the softest image and plain weaved fabric presented the lightest hand image. Consumer's aesthetic values, gender and age tended to affect sensory image evaluation of ramie materials. On conclusion the result revealed that design strategy for the ramie material, design development though motives will be an essential process. and for material design pursued design image and target consumer's trait should be carefully considered.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.37 no.11
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• pp.1-17
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to investigate 1) the effects of clothing styles on impression formation of middle and high school students and 2) the differences in impression in relation to perceiver variablex(sex, age, residence). The sample consisted of 60 subjects in each of 8 perceiver groups according to sex, age and residence. Stimuli consisted of 10 color photographs of male and female adolescent wearing each of 5 clothing styles respectively. Questionnaires consisted of 43 seven-point semantic differential scales measuring perceivers responses to the stimuli, open-ended Question and perceiver’s clothing style preference. Responses to the semantic differential scale were factor analyzed and 4 factors - Self-confidence/refinement, Sincerity, Intelligence, and Sociability - were emerged to account for the structure of the impression of the male stimuli. Five factors - Sincerity, Refinement, Self-confidence, Sociability, Intellience - were emerged in case of female stimuli. One-way ANOVA results showed that clothing styles had the effects on all the factors of impression except Sincerity. From the reset analyzing the effects of perceiver variables on impressions, age had the effects in all the clothing styles, sex had the effects in 6 clothing styles, and residence in 5 clothing styles. Clothing style 5(male stimuli) and style 10(female stimuli) were the most preferred clothing style in all the subject groups.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.539-546
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• 1998

The purpose of this study is to estimate human emotion quantitatively under colors and music stimuli and to examine the for correlation between color and music sensibility. Physiological signals(electroencephalogram, electrocardiogram, Galvanic skin conductivity and respiration rate) were measured to compare color with music sensibilities. The personality of the subject were investigated using factor analysis and semantic differential method of 20 items(7 interval scaled). The results showed that red, yellow and violets color provoked active and exciting senses mainly as dance, rock and blues music. While blue, cyan and pink colors ware involved in tranquil and resting emotions deeply as classic and ballade music.

• Journal of Korean Port Research
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.349-362
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• 1998

Seascape means the scenery which is composed around the sea., Seascape has it's own characteristics compared with landscape and has many important roles in our urban life. Nowadays seascape is being destructed by the development in waterfront area and ocean space. Especially the various kind of buildings which are built in coastal area give great visual impact on seascape. But we have rare research on seascape and no guideline for seascape planning. Before any action against destroying seascape the assessment of seascape has to be preceded. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the representative seascapes which are selected from over 300 slides of various seascapes according to the types of seascapes. We used S.D (Semantic Differential) method with 35 adjective pairs in seven scale to evaluate each seascape. The results can be summarized as follows. 1) Seascapes can be classified as natural type and urban type. The natural type can be divided into beach type and rock-island type. 2) Natural type of seascape is more prefered than urban type. 3)Beach type is the most prefered among seascape types. 4) Natural elements of seascape such as sky, water, sand, trees, forest, mountain, open space, waterfront line, are evaluated as 'good' to see but artificial elements, such as buildings, persons, roads, structures, are evaluated 'bad' to see. 5)As a result of factor analysis five factors(axes) are found out. They are 'wildness', 'vividness', 'preference', 'interest', and 'openness'. These factors can be used for evaluting any seascape.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.111-118
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• 2008

In usual safety signs are final means to transmit hazard information so that the importance of them cannot be emphasized too much. Nevertheless, in Korea, few people are interested in functions of safety signs so that evaluation of safety signs are seldom committed. This research was conducted to evaluate and compare perceptional characteristics of safety signs, especially "Fall" signs, by Semantic Differential Method and Multi-dimensional Scaling Method, with undergraduate students as well as industrial workers. According to research results on several signs evaluated high through suggested procedure, action inducibility was different for students majoring in different sciences, but it had common elements in the sense of 'openness' or 'arrangements'. Besides, perceptional images on safety signs were mainly recognized with bases of 'arrangement' for student group and 'simplicity' for industrial workers, respectively, and their maps corresponded well with each other by partial rotating so that students and workers seemed to recognize safety signs with similar factors though their name might be different. However, since perceptional characteristics including image map, comprehensibility, and action inducibility were similar for student group whereas those were not for worker group, it was concluded that the test for action inducibility would be absolutely necessary for safety signs for workers' group.

• Journal of People, Plants, and Environment
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.109-118
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• 2019

Physical activities in the forest environment stimulate the parasympathetic nervous system of humans and have positive effects on the autonomic nervous system as well as moods and emotions. However, there are almost no studies on the benefits of exercise in the forest environment for patients with myocardial infarction. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of 15-minute single session walking by myocardial infarction patients in the forest and urban environment on the physiological and psychological states. The heart rate variability was measured in 10 patients with myocardial infarction to assess physiological state after single session walking for 15 minutes in the forest environment and urban environment. In order to evaluate the psychological state, a profile of mood scale (POMS) and semantic differential (SD) questionnaire were used. The results of this study showed that 15-minute single session walking in the forest environment activated the parasympathetic nervous system of adult myocardial infarction patients more than 15 minutes of single session walking in the urban environment, and also made them feel more positive in terms of the POMS and SD. Therefore, this study suggests that even single session walking in the forest environment can positively influence the physiological and psychological states of adult heart disease patients and may also contribute to health care.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.75-82
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• 2010

The purposes of this study are to present the criteria for a sensibility rating scale for measuring the general public's perception of museums' spatial environment, particularly lobby space, through an empirical analysis; and to clarify the characteristics of the presented rating scale in terms of each rating element and factor. For this study, a survey was conducted during September 11-17, 2010, and a total of 370 museum visitors participated in the survey. A sensibility rating scale used for the survey consisted of a total of 32 adjectives selected from a literature review of previous studies. To specify the dimensions of semantic space using the semantic adjectives, words with opposite meanings were analyzed with the semantic differential technique developed by Osgood et al. Using SPSS, a reliability analysis, factor analysis, and cluster analysis were conducted on the data obtained from the survey. The results of this study can be summarized as follows: According to the general public's perception of museum lobbies, five factors were found from the 19 semantic ratings of the Gyeonggido Museum of Modern Art and the 20 semantic ratings of the Seoul Museum of Art, respectively. In the case of Gyeonggido Museum of Modern Art, three additional semantic words of 'orderly', 'open', and 'original', which did not appear in the case of Seoul Museum of Art, were discovered. In the case of Seoul Museum of Art, more detailed semantic words such as 'restrained', 'ordinary', 'concrete', and 'intellectual (rational)' were obtained. Five semantic elements, which describe the two museums, were: Feelings of 'pleasantness', 'value, 'usage', 'aesthetics', and 'materials'. According to a comparative analysis of the two lobby spaces in terms of semantic rating elements, Gyeonggido Museum of Modern Art was perceived to be an orderly, original, open, soft, and female-like space, whereas Seoul Museum of Art was perceived to be aesthetic, restrained, concrete, realistic, intellectual and rational. In the coming years, the results of this study will serve as valuable data for constructing a sensibility rating scale for evaluating spatial environments of museums.