• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.81-89
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to develop data base and interface for sofa consumers and sofa designers. The human sensibility ergonomics method was used to find the consumer needs and Quality Function Deployment (QFD) method was used to extract the designing characteristics required for sofa production. About 200 words and 100 images were gathered from sofa and furniture related catalogs and internet sites to find the best emotional words and images that can express the various sofa aspect. Among the collected words and images, 34 emotional words were selected for sensibility experiment according to the opinions of experts, relations of closeness and frequency of use, and 50 images were selected for the experiment by the diversity. Selected words and images were used for the semantic differential method with 94 subjects, and sensibility characteristics of sofas were defined through various statistical analysis methods including basic statistical analysis, factor analysis and multi-dimensional scale. In reflecting design characteristics of sofas, design factors of sofas were divided into backrest, seat, armrest, neck support and leg, and relative importance of each factor for design was determined with analytic hierarchy process (AHP) by utilizing the experts' opinions. Based on the results above, relationship analysis between emotional evaluation results and design factors was performed. Also, as various sofa images are presented diagrammatically through multidimensional scaling method, it can be used as an important tool for the development of sofa design. This study will contribute improving the product quality of sofas as it enables applying consumer needs into the sofa design.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.97-103
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• 2015

Objectives : This study was aimed to report the anti-wrinkle effects of cultivated wild ginseng pharmacopuncture. Methods : Data were collected from 23 patients who had been treated with cultivated wild ginseng pharmacopuncture for skin wrinkles. Patients were treated twice a week, for a total of 5 times. To observe the effect of the treatment, we measured the width and depth of skin wrinkles with ECOSKIN(portable fluorescent dermal diagnostic equipment). We also conducted a survey with patients to measure total satisfaction and the anti-wrinkle effect using a semantic differential scale. The evaluation was done 2 times, once before the first treatment and once 1 week after the last treatment. The relationship was measured by Wilcoxon signed rank test. Results : Skin wrinkle mean width decreased significantly from $9.45{\pm}6.60$ to $5.54{\pm}4.78$. Depth decreased significantly from $0.68{\pm}0.34$ to $0.39{\pm}0.24$ total satisfaction increased significantly from $2.46{\pm}0.743$ to $4.13{\pm}0.51$. Anti-wrinkle effect increased significantly from $2.46{\pm}0.63$ to $3.93{\pm}0.593$. Conclusions : These results suggest that cultivated wild ginseng pharmacopuncture may be effective for decreasing wrinkles.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.37-44
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• 2009

This study conducted an evaluation of the streetscape improvement project of the Gwangbok Street through analysis of correlations between psychological consciousness and physical elements in the street by comparing selected pictures of streetscape before and after the project. This work has conducted an analysis of Psychological characteristics by semantic differential method and an analysis of physical elements which influence psychological characteristics by regression analysis. According to the results of psychological analysis, the senses of interest, orderliness, esthetic and preference were highly improved in A district and the senses of openess, stability, orderliness were highly improved in B district. The results of analyzing physical elements influencing the improvement of these psychological consciousness in A district elucidated ; 1) the works of improving signboard and elevation of the building affected the whole these psychological consciousness, 2) the work of planting trees, making plant rests in the street improved the senses of orderliness, esthetic, 3) the work of changing finishing materials in the street enhanced the senses of esthetic, preference, 4) the work of adjusting the width between the road and the pavement, the work of improving traffic enhanced the senses of interest, preference. In the meantime in B district, the works of improving signboard and elevation of the building and those of planting trees, making plant rests in the street improved the senses of openess and orderliness. Also the work of improving traffic enhanced the senses of openess, stability and the work of expanding the pavement, that of changing finishing materials in the street improved the senses of openess, stability, orderliness.

• 복식
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• 제43권
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• pp.187-202
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• 1999

The objectives of this study were to analyze the effect of dress(Korean traditional dress and suit) of elderly Women and situation on impression formation. The experimental design was $10\times{2}\times{2(dress}\times{perceiver's age}\times{situation)}$ factorial design by 3 independent variables. The stimuli of color photographs of female in her 60's model and the semantic differential scale were used. Six variables of impression formation were used: preference: elegance: potency: activity: feminine: and modernity. Samples were 400 women 200 were in their twenties and 200 in their forties and fifties. The data were analyzed by $\alpha$-reliability t-test ANOVA and duncan's multiple range test. The Korean traditional dress with the combination of Korean traditional color(light blue upper dress with dark red purple collar and string.dark blue skit) had the most positive effect on impression of elegance. Pink traditional dress and light blue traditional dress had a negative effect on impression of potency activity and modernity. Red purple suit had a positive effect on potency and modernity. The interaction between dress perceiver's age and stituation was significant for the impression of activity. Women in their 40's and 50's perceived the activity of red purple suit positively in the situation of alumnae meeting more than in the wedding ceremony. The perceived age of the stimulus person was different according to dresses. Traditional dresses was perceived older than suits were. Women in their 40's and 50's evaluated preferences of the dresses positively more than 20's did. This means that 40's and 50's feel similarity with the stimulus person more than 20's as the age of model was in their 60's The result supports the theory that similarity is basic factor in interpersonal attraction.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.703-709
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• 2013

최근 지상역 승강장에서 승객의 안전 확보, 지상역 조건과 열차 차종 자동 인식에 따른 상하 개폐 기능이 탑재된 Rope 스크린도어의 실용화 기술에 대한 연구개발이 수행되고 있다. 이러한 RPSD의 인간중심 설계를 위해서는 시스템의 기술구현도 중요하지만, 앞으로 이용할 대상자의 감성, 감각이나 사고방식을 과학적으로 측정하고 조사할 필요가 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 광주 도시철도 녹동역에 시범 설치된 RPSD에 대하여 이 시스템을 설계하는데 있어서 고려할 휴먼펙터를 분석하였다. 그리고 평상시 RPSD가 내려진 상태, 철도진입시 올라간 작동원리를 보고 안전(불안)한지, 높낮이가 안정적인가, 개방감(압박감)이 있는지, 견고한지 등 전체적으로 어떤 인상을 받았는지 등에 관한 감성평가를 실시하였다.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제18권7호
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• pp.47-56
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• 2020

본 연구는 인공지능 활용 교육에 대한 초등교사의 인식을 종합적으로 분석하는 목적을 지닌다. 최근 학교 교육 현장에서 인공지능 기술의 활용에 대한 관심이 증대되고 있다. 하지만 초등학교 교사들이 이를 어떻게 인식하는지를 확인하는 연구는 미흡하다. 본 연구는 초등교사 69명을 대상으로 기술통계, 중다회귀분석, 의미변별척도를 활용하여 초등교사들이 교육에서 인공지능 활용에 대해 어떻게 인식하는지를 총체적으로 분석하였다. 연구 결과, 초등교사들은 인공지능 기술이 수업 시간 내 활동을 보조하는데 가장 적합하다고 응답하였으며 교수학습 방법 측면에서는 문제중심학습이 가장 적절하다고 인식하고 있었다. 인공지능의 교육적 활용에 대해 영향을 미치는 요소는 학습 내용, 학습 자료, 인공지능 기기로 나타났다. 인공지능 활용 교육은 개별학습, 참여 촉진, 흥미 유발 등의 특성을 지닌다고 인식하였다. 향후 최적화된 교육 운영을 가능하게 하는 수업 전략이나 모형 개발 등이 이루어질 필요가 있다.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.109-114
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• 2010

There are many business in complex building, and recently noise claims have increased in those buildings. It is one of the most desirable methods reducing the noise level to establish the noise criteria considering the admittable noise level between the source and receiving room, which are to be derived from the subjective response in the real conditions. Because the degree of annoyance and loudness for the intruding noises in complex building could be changed with background noise level, it is suggested to be researched the relationship between the noise levels and subjective response. In this study, the subjective response for three different background levels in receiving business or rooms were investigated for the typical eight business noise source including aerobic music. The results can be summarized as follows. In conditions of low background noise level(40 dB(A)), there is a tendency of intentionally attention situation (listening) in a subjective test. The other hand in conditions of relatively high background noise level(50 dB(A)), there is a unconscious situation (heraing). As the degree of moderately heard or annoyed in SD rating scale means that the noise is easily recognized in neighboring shops, usually the limit of noise criteria were decided on this rating point, so it will be reasonable to be adopted the criteria rating scale as slight heard or annoyed degree (SD criteria 3).

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.42-50
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• 2015

In the 21st century, university library is changing into a new paradigm. Among others, color image emerges as an important aspect of the library. Up to now, studies on colors of indoor space have been limited on partial and specific spaces. But, this study, using the tool of emotional evaluation, aims to do a comprehensive research on color image of the whole space. This research uses the H University library completed in March 2015. This research is performed in the following procedure. First, previous related researches for the past ten years from 2005 to 2015 is examined, which will help understand the trends in this kind of research, and set up the concrete goal of research. By literature review, color image is established in the environmental psychological aspect. Second, to analyze colors, all the spaces of the library from the entrance lobby are filmed. Filmed images are changed into mosaic, and color palettes are composed, and color values are calculated using the Munsell color system. Third, emotional words are extracted, and emotional evaluation is made. Using the Semantic Differential scale method, emotional differences among subjects are compared, and the validity of the survey data is tested using the statistical program SPSS 18.0. As the outcome of the research shows, the color image and emotion in space are closely related. And, through emotion, it is possible to get color image, and this aspect can be scholastically systemized and developed.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.11-20
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• 2002

This study aims to discover the landscape image of bridges and their harmonization wish surrounding sceneries. This research utilized the basic study tool of psycho-physics and processed the case study of five types of bridges on the Han-River, Seoul. Twenty-one bridges on Han-River were classified into five categories ; the cable stayed bridge, the arch bridge, the girder bridge, the trust bridge and the suspension bridge. Also, aesthetic elements of the bridges including the form the texture, the color, the scale and the harmony were examined. The questionaires to analysis the image and harmonization with surrounding sceneries were designed using semantic differential scale and 5 point Likert scale. The results of the research were as follows. First, components representing the images of bridge landscape are classified into three types, ‘beauty’, ‘weightfulness’ and ‘friendliness’. Second, the image of each bridge as a whole turns out not to be different from each other but to be different in the context of neighboring sceneries. It was also determined that both the Cable Stayed Bridge type and the Arch Bridge type are the most attractive. But, the former does have a more masculine image, and the latter has a m[n feminine image. Third, the Cable Stayed Bridge and the Arch Bridge were evaluated highly in terms of harmonization with surrounding landscapes, while the Girder Bridge received the lowest evaluation. All of the above results suggest that the bridges should be constructed not only for beauty itself in form, color, texture and scale, but also in harmonization with the surrounding landscape. Lastly, it is desirable to do further research to find out sort specific design principles that exist between bridges and tangible surrounding landscape types.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.211-227
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• 1991

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of design modification, decoration and color scheme of traditional Korean women's clothing on impression formation by 2 age groups of women. The instruments developed for the study were 2 sets of stimuli and a response scale. Stimuli I (design stimuli) consisted of 6 line drawings of female figures in Korean clothing and modified Korean style clothing, whereas stimuli II (color stimuli) consisted of 6 colored drawings of female figures in different color schemes. The 7-point semantic differential scale of 14 bipolar adjectives were used for the response scales. 144 female college students and 144 middle·aged women subjects were randomly assigned to one of 6 drawings from each set of stimuli. The data were analyzed by factor analysis, ANOVA and t-test. 1) There factors emerged to account for dimensions of design and color scheme, respectively. The first factor was interpreted as Evaluation/prestige both in design (stimuli I) and color scheme (stimuli II), the second factor was Modernity for stimuli I, and the third factor for stimuli I was Practicality. On the other hand, the Luxuriousness/Individuality was factor 2 and Modernity was factor 3 for stimuli ll. 2) Modification had the largest effect on impressions regarding design and decorated designs had a partial effect on the impression of Modernity and Practicality. The female figures in modified Korean style clothing were perceived as more prestigious, modern and practical than those in traditional Korean clothing. 3) Color schemes had little effect on impressions, while perceiver's age had a larger effect. Middle·aged women formed more positive impressions toward Korean clothing of various color schemes than female college students.