• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.1-13
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• 2003

We introduce a way to generate morphologically and syntactically well-formed English sentences when building Korean to English bilingual dictionary for Machine Translation Systems. It has been proved that basic inflectional or structural descriptions for English sentences are by no means enough to generate proper English sentences because of traditional dictionary structures. Furthermore, much research has been focused only on how to disambiguate semantic ambiguities of words in a bilingual dictionary To take advantage of existing paperback Korean to English bilingual dictionary, its automatic conversion to an electronic version and methodologies to assign proper features to the descriptions for well-formed English sentences with minimum human effort have been proposed on the basis of the dictionary-specific structures. This approach was originally motivated for a glossary-based machine translation system, but it can be also applied to large scale dictionary work.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.25 no.6_1
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• pp.507-516
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• 2007

Segmentation and organization of the LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) data of the Earth's surface are difficult tasks because the captured LiDAR data are composed of irregularly distributed point clouds with lack of semantic information. The reason for this difficulty in processing LiDAR data is that the data provide huge amount of the spatial coordinates without topological and/or relational information among the points. This study introduces LiDAR data segmentation technique by utilizing histograms of the LiDAR height image data and analyzing roof shape for 3D reconstruction and visualization of the buildings. One of the advantages in utilizing LiDAR height image data is no registration required because the LiDAR data are geo-referenced and ortho-projected data. In consequence, measurements on the image provide absolute reference coordinates. The LiDAR image allows measurement of the initial building boundaries to estimate locations of the side walls and to form the planar surfaces which represent approximate building footprints. LiDAR points close to each side wall were grouped together then the least-square planar surface fitting with the segmented point clouds was performed to determine precise location of each wall of an building. Finally, roof shape analysis was performed by accumulated slopes along the profiles of the roof top. However, simulated LiDAR data were used for analyzing roof shape because buildings with various shapes of the roof do not exist in the test area. The proposed approach has been tested on the heavily built-up urban residential area. 3D digital vector map produced by digitizing complied aerial photographs was used to evaluate accuracy of the results. Experimental results show efficiency of the proposed methodology for 3D building reconstruction and large scale digital mapping especially for the urban area.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.753-768
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• 1996

The purpose of this study is to find out the effect of suit color, necktie color and necktie patterns on the men's suit image formation. The experimental materials developed for this study were a set of stimuli and response scales. The stimuli were 28 color pictures manipulated with suit color, necktie color and necktie patterns by computer drawing. The experimental design consists of 3 factorial design; 1) suit color (navy blue, beige), 2) necktie color (analogous, complimentary color), 3) necktie patterns (plain, dot, stripe, check, paisley, floral, abstract) The 7-point semantic differential response scale designed for visual evaluation of men's suit image on suit color, necktie color and necktie patterns were composed of 34 bipolar adjectives. The subject are 150 female undergraduate students in Chin-ju city. They responded twice to 14 stimuli at random order The result of this study are as follows; 1. By analyzing the responses of the subjects, 4 factors emerged in the dimensional structure of the men's suit image formed by suit color, necktie color and necktie patterns. The 4 factors are charm, potency, uniqueness and tenderness. Among these, charming and potential factors proved to be more important. 2. necktie color, suit color and neckite patterns had the significant effect on the formation of men's suit image. In the charm image, only necktie patterns were proved to be the most dominant variable. The most dominant variable in the potencial and unique image was necktie color and second to it suit color was important. But suit color was most significant in the image of tenderness. 3. In the effects of interactions between each variables, the combination of suit color and necktie color wins more significant than that of suit color and necktie patterns and that of necktie color and necktie patterns, but in the image of tenderness, only the combination of suit color and necktie color was more significant. In the interaction of suit color, necktie color and necktie patterns, the potential factor didn't have the significant effect.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.915-929
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• 1996

The purpose of this study is to investigate the visual illusions and image of the combinated collars and sleeves which are combinated by the computer simulation. The detail object of this study as follows; 1) to know the visual illusions of the clothing as the collar and sleeves are combinated 2) to constract the clothing image using sementic differential scales 3) to know the differet image of the clothing as the collars and sleeves are combinted 4) to know the interaction effect of the collars and sleeves of the clothing The detail method of this study is as follows; In the first experiment, there are two groups; the first 8 groups are the combination of the same collar and the different sleeves. The second 8 groups are the combination of the same sleeve and the different collars. The second experiment has done for the 32 clothings which are the combination of the 8 collars and 4 sleeves. For the 14 clothing the image has tested by 13 semantic differential bi- polar scale. The subjects were 50 female students majoring in clothing and textile. The data analyzed by Kendall cofficient of concodance, Factor analysis, Anova and scheffe's test. Briefly the image of the clothing is much influenced by the varing of the collar than that of the sleeve. Thus, we also can conclude that the recognition of the clothing are much more dependent on the collar than sleeve.

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.213-223
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• 2008

The efficient discovery of services from a large scale collection of services has become an important issue[7, 24]. We studied a syntactic method for Web service discovery, rather than a semantic method. We regarded a service discovery as a retrieval problem on the proprietary XML formats, which were service descriptions in a registry DB. We modeled services and queries as probabilistic values and devised similarity-based retrieval techniques. The benefits of our way are follows. First, our system supports ranked service retrieval by keyword search. Second, we considers both of UDDI data and WSDL definitions of services amid query evaluation time. Last, our technique can be easily implemented on the off-theshelf DBMS and also utilize good features of DBMS maintenance.

• Hwankyungkyoyuk
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• v.18 no.1 s.26
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• pp.120-133
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• 2005

This study investigated the changes of consciousness and ambivalent attitudes about the important environmental issues among the teachers who enrolled the environmental education training. Experimental and control groups were composed with 47 and 30 person, respectively. Environmental issues were constructions of sea-wall, nuclear power plant and dam. Cronbach alpha of the self-developed questionnaire was $0.6909{\sim}0.8992$. Score were made with 5 Likert scales for consciousness, and with semantic differential half scale for ambivalent attitudes. Almost teachers(94.0% and 97.1%) have above 10 years teaching career. Strangers in environmental program were 53.2%. After environmental training, teachers' consciousness was significantly changed to negative about the construction of sea-wall for the farm field and industry complex area(p=0.019), and about the construction of dam for disaster like flood(p=0.026), and for adverse effects of citizen by fog(p=0.042). They were also significantly changed to negative about the construction of nuclear power plant for economical energy(p=0.004)', no-emission of greenhouse gases(p=0.033)', 'alternative energy(p=0.000)', 'destruction of ecology(p=0.052)' and 'social fear(p=0.009)'. The consciousness of teachers who have the experience of environmental training, were significantly changed to negative about the construction of nuclear power plant. Scores of teachers' ambivalent attitudes were made lower in experimental than control group about the construction of sea-wall and nuclear power plant. After education training, they were made lower so much as -10.0% in control, but higher much as +4.4% in experimental, and severely higher much as 86.5% in teachers who had experienced the environmental training about construction of sea-wall. Their scores were made lower so much as -3.3% in control, but much as -6.4% in control.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.81-89
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to develop data base and interface for sofa consumers and sofa designers. The human sensibility ergonomics method was used to find the consumer needs and Quality Function Deployment (QFD) method was used to extract the designing characteristics required for sofa production. About 200 words and 100 images were gathered from sofa and furniture related catalogs and internet sites to find the best emotional words and images that can express the various sofa aspect. Among the collected words and images, 34 emotional words were selected for sensibility experiment according to the opinions of experts, relations of closeness and frequency of use, and 50 images were selected for the experiment by the diversity. Selected words and images were used for the semantic differential method with 94 subjects, and sensibility characteristics of sofas were defined through various statistical analysis methods including basic statistical analysis, factor analysis and multi-dimensional scale. In reflecting design characteristics of sofas, design factors of sofas were divided into backrest, seat, armrest, neck support and leg, and relative importance of each factor for design was determined with analytic hierarchy process (AHP) by utilizing the experts' opinions. Based on the results above, relationship analysis between emotional evaluation results and design factors was performed. Also, as various sofa images are presented diagrammatically through multidimensional scaling method, it can be used as an important tool for the development of sofa design. This study will contribute improving the product quality of sofas as it enables applying consumer needs into the sofa design.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.97-103
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• 2015

Objectives : This study was aimed to report the anti-wrinkle effects of cultivated wild ginseng pharmacopuncture. Methods : Data were collected from 23 patients who had been treated with cultivated wild ginseng pharmacopuncture for skin wrinkles. Patients were treated twice a week, for a total of 5 times. To observe the effect of the treatment, we measured the width and depth of skin wrinkles with ECOSKIN(portable fluorescent dermal diagnostic equipment). We also conducted a survey with patients to measure total satisfaction and the anti-wrinkle effect using a semantic differential scale. The evaluation was done 2 times, once before the first treatment and once 1 week after the last treatment. The relationship was measured by Wilcoxon signed rank test. Results : Skin wrinkle mean width decreased significantly from $9.45{\pm}6.60$ to $5.54{\pm}4.78$. Depth decreased significantly from $0.68{\pm}0.34$ to $0.39{\pm}0.24$ total satisfaction increased significantly from $2.46{\pm}0.743$ to $4.13{\pm}0.51$. Anti-wrinkle effect increased significantly from $2.46{\pm}0.63$ to $3.93{\pm}0.593$. Conclusions : These results suggest that cultivated wild ginseng pharmacopuncture may be effective for decreasing wrinkles.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.43
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• pp.187-202
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• 1999

The objectives of this study were to analyze the effect of dress(Korean traditional dress and suit) of elderly Women and situation on impression formation. The experimental design was $10\times{2}\times{2(dress}\times{perceiver's age}\times{situation)}$ factorial design by 3 independent variables. The stimuli of color photographs of female in her 60's model and the semantic differential scale were used. Six variables of impression formation were used: preference: elegance: potency: activity: feminine: and modernity. Samples were 400 women 200 were in their twenties and 200 in their forties and fifties. The data were analyzed by $\alpha$-reliability t-test ANOVA and duncan's multiple range test. The Korean traditional dress with the combination of Korean traditional color(light blue upper dress with dark red purple collar and string.dark blue skit) had the most positive effect on impression of elegance. Pink traditional dress and light blue traditional dress had a negative effect on impression of potency activity and modernity. Red purple suit had a positive effect on potency and modernity. The interaction between dress perceiver's age and stituation was significant for the impression of activity. Women in their 40's and 50's perceived the activity of red purple suit positively in the situation of alumnae meeting more than in the wedding ceremony. The perceived age of the stimulus person was different according to dresses. Traditional dresses was perceived older than suits were. Women in their 40's and 50's evaluated preferences of the dresses positively more than 20's did. This means that 40's and 50's feel similarity with the stimulus person more than 20's as the age of model was in their 60's The result supports the theory that similarity is basic factor in interpersonal attraction.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.18 no.7
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• pp.47-56
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to comprehensively analyze elementary school teachers' perceptions of the use of artificial intelligence in education. Recently, interest in the use of artificial intelligence has increased in the field of education. However, there is a lack of research on the perceptions of elementary school teachers using AI in education. Using descriptive statistics, multiple linear regression analysis, and semantic differential meaning scale, 69 elementary school teachers' perceptions of using AI in education were analyzed. As a results, artificial intelligence technology was perceived as most suitable method for assisting activities in class and for problem-based learning. Factors which influence the use of AI in education were learning contents, learning materials, and AI tools. AI in education had the features of personalized learning, promoting students' participation, and provoking students' interest. Further, instructional strategies or models that enable optimized educational operation should be developed.