• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.389-396
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• 2021

In this paper, it was evaluated that the effect of self-healing microcapsules on the quality and healing properties of cement composites. In the mixing of microcapsules, the plastic viscosity and yield stress of the cement composites decreased due to the particle properties of the microcapsules, and decreased in proportion to the mixing ratio. The table flow showed a tendency to decrease as the core material acted as a stimulant due to the loss of microcapsules, and the compressive strength could be supplemented through unit quantity correction. As a result of evaluating the effect of microcapsule mixing on the healing properties of cement composites, it was found that the unit water flow rate decreased by the healing reaction immediately after crack initiation. When more than 3% of microcapsules were mixed, it was found that there was a healing rate of more than 95% at 7 days of healing age.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.29-39
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• 2023

Background: Breaking the chain of disease transmission from overseas is necessary to control new infectious diseases such as coronavirus disease 2019 effectively. In this study, we developed a mobile app called Self-Symptom Checker (SSC) to monitor the health of inbound travelers. Methods: SSC was developed for general users and administrators. The functions of SSC include non-repudiation using QR (quick response) codes, monitoring fever and respiratory symptoms, and requiring persons showing symptoms to undergo polymerase chain reaction tests at nearby screening stations following a review of reported symptoms by the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, as well as making phone calls, via artificial intelligence or public health personnel, to individuals who have not entered symptoms to provide the necessary information. Results: From February 12 to March 27, 2020, 165,000 people who were subjected to the special entry procedure installed SSC. The expected number of public health officers and related resources needed per day would be 800 if only the phone was used to perform symptom monitoring during the above period. Conclusion: By applying SSC, more effective symptom monitoring was possible. The daily average number of health officers decreased to 100, or 13% of the initial estimate. SSC reduces the work burden on public healthcare personnel. SSC is an electronic solution conceived in response to health questionnaires completed by inbound travelers specified in the World Health Organization International Health Regulations as a requirement in the event of a pandemic.

• Clean Technology
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.175-180
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• 2016

Tyrosinases catalyze the hydroxylation of a monophenol (monophenolase activity) and the conversion of an o-diphenol to o-quinone (diphenolase activity), which are mainly involved in the modification of tyrosine residues into 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl-alanine (DOPA) and DOPA/DOPAquinone-derived intermolecular cross-linking. Previously, we obtained a slightly acidic and cold-active tyrosinase, tyrosinase-CNK, by our recombinant protein approach. The enzyme showed optimal activity at pH 6.0 and 20 ℃ with an abnormally high monophenolase/diphenolase activity ratio and still had approximately 50% activity compared with the highest activity even in ice water. Here, we investigated reaction stability of the recombinant tyrosinase-CNK as a psychrophilic enzyme. The enzyme showed remarkable thermal stability at 0 ℃ and the activity was well conserved in repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Although water-miscible organic solvent as reaction media caused the activity decrease of tyrosinase-CNK as expected, the enzyme activity was not additionally decreased with increased concentration in organic solvents such as ethanol and acetonitrile. Also, the enzyme showed high salt tolerance in chaotropic salts. It was remarkably considered that 2⁺ metal ions might inhibit the incorporation of Cu²⁺ into the active site. We expect that these results could be used to design tyrosinase-mediated enzymatic reaction at low temperature for the production of catechols through minimizing unwanted self-oxidation and enzyme inactivation.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.68-76
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• 2016

Objectives: To find evidence that sleep is necessary for normal brain function, thus indicating that declines in both sleep quality and quantity are related to worse performance of many daily tasks and deteriorated physical functions. The present study investigates the relationships of balance control and reaction time with sleep quality. Methods: 58 healthy (male 20, female 38) volunteers with informed consent participated in this study. The Self-reported Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used to evaluate sleep quality and relevant factors, and the subjects were divided into groups A (PSQI < 5) and B ($PSQI{\geq}5$) based on this index. Static balance control and reaction time to visual stimuli were conducted to assess their relationship with sleep quality. Results: Group B exhibited excessive daytime sleepiness significantly more often compared to group A. Static balance control did not markedly change relative to sleep quality, but reaction time and error to visual stimuli were significantly increased in group B compared to group A. Conclusion: These findings indicate that a decline in sleep quality can result in delayed reactions, as well as decreased accuracy of these reactions. They also suggest that low sleep quality may be associated with changes in physical functions, including balance control through reduced selective attention.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.81-115
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• 1992

The problem addressed by this study was to determine the effect of nurse - patient agreement on the means to achieve nursing goals in the early postpartum period of primiparous mothers. It was hypothesized that the experimental treatment would result in hegher self-confidence and satisfaction in maternal role performance. This purpose was to contribute to the planning of nursing care to enhance self- confidence and satisfaction in maternal role performance and to the development of relevant nursing theory. Especially, the early postpartum period is crucial toward in recovery from childbirth and attainment of the maternal role. Maternal role attaintment is a complex social and cognitive process of stimulus -response accomplished by learning. Most women attain the maternal role sucessfully. But, some primiparous mothers experience difficultites in attainment of the maternal role due to lack of experience and knowledge. Self-confidence and satisfaction in maternal role performance are important factors in attainment and adjustment to the maternal role (Mercer, 1981a, 1981b ; Lederman, Weigarten, and Lederman, 1981 :Bobak and Jensen, 1985). Nursing is defined as behaviors of nurses add patients that attain nursing goals through action, reaction, interaction, and transaction. For attainment of nursing goals, active participating transactions must occur by agreement on the means to achieve those goals through nurse -patient mutual goal setting and establishment of their active relationships(King, 1981, Ha, 1977). Based on King's theory of goal attainment (1981), this stuy was planned as a non-equivalent control group, non -synchronized quasi -experimental design using agreement on the means to achieve nursing goals in early postpartum as the experimental treatment. The data were collected from July 20 to Sep. 1, 1991 by questionnaires with 60 primiparous mothers planing to breast feed after normal deliveries at W hospital in Pusan, Korea. The subjects were divided into a control group(conventional group) -those admitted from July 20 to Aug. 12, and an experimental group(agreement group) - those admitted from Aug. 13 to Sep. 1. The instument for agreement on the means to nursing goals in the early postpartum period included five steps - identification of disturbances of problems through action, reaction, and interaction with primiparous mothers : mutual early postpartal nursing goal setting : exploration of the means to achieve goals ; agreement on the means (self- care, ealry maternal -infant contact, performance of mothering behavior, and communicating about the infant's behavior and health condition) : implementation of the means. This instrument was developed on the basis of King's elements that lead to transactions in nurse-patient interactions. Lederman et al's (1981) scale for Confidence in ability to cope with tasks of motherhood and Lederman et al's(1981) scale for Mother's satisfaction with motherhood and infant care were used to measure self-confidence and satisfaction in maternal role performance ·with the subjects immediately after admission and on the day of discharge. Self-care performance in the experimental group was measured by self -evaluation tool developed by the investigator from the literature concerned. The tools to measure Pelf-confidence and satisfaction in maternal role performance, and the tool to measure self-evaluation of self-care performance were tested for internal reliability. Cronbach's Alphas were 0.94, 0.94, and 0.63. The data were analysed by using in S.P.S.S. computerized program and included percentage, x²-test, t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson Correlation Coefficient. The conclusions obtained from this study are summerized as follows : 1. The degree of self-confidence in maternal role performance of the total subjects group measured before the experimental treatment was above average with a mean score of 2.77(range 2.14-3.64). Out of 14 items, those with relatively high mean scores were ‘I would like to be a better mother than I am’(3.95), and ‘I have my doubts about whether I am a good mother’(2.87). Those with low mean scores were ‘I know that my baby wants most of the times’(2.28), ‘When the baby cries, I can tell what she /he wants’(2.37), and ‘I have confidence in my ability to care for the baby’(2;50). That is, the self - confidence of Primiparous mothers was considerably high in mothering, but rather low in activities concerning the infant care and understanding of the infant behavior. The degree of satisfaction in maternal role performance of the total subjects group measured before the experimental treatment was high with a mean score of 3.18(range 1.92-3.92). Out of 13 items, those with relatively high mean scores were ‘I am glad 1 had this baby now’(3.75), ‘I play with the baby between feedings when s/he is awake and quiet’(3.67), and ‘I enjoy being a mother’(3.27). Those with low mean scores were ‘I am upset about having too many responsibilities as a mother’(2.78), ‘It bothers me to get up for the baby at night’(2.82), and ‘I get annoyed if the baby frequently interrupts my activities’.(2.82), That is, the satisfaction of primiparous mothers was considerably high in mothering and infant care, but rather low in restraints in time or on the mother's self accomplishment and development. 2. Agreement on the means to achieve nursing goals in the early postpartum period included process of mutual goal setting, exploration of the means to achieve goals, and ahreement in concert means to achieve goals based on the mothers' condition, concerns, self-perception of the nurse - patient interactions. In the process of agreement, there was agreement that the means to achieve goals should be through trust and establishment of active relationships with the nurse through identification of problems according to planned nursing goals and active interaction, such as explanations, teaching, changing of opinions, acceptance or rejection of explanations, and proposing of questions. Therefore agreement on the means to achieve nursing goals in the early postpartum period appears to be an effective nursing intervention for primiparous mothers. 3. The degree of self- confidence in maternal role performance of the exprimental group was higher than that of the control group(t＝3.95, p＜0.01). Out of 14 items, those with higher score in the experimental group were ‘I would like to be a better mother than I am’(t＝1.93, p＜0.05), ‘I know that my baby wants most of the times’(t＝2.75, p＜0.01), ‘When the baby cries, 1 can tell what she/he wants’(t＝2.10, p＜0.05), ‘I have confidence in my ability to care for the baby’(t＝3.72, p＜0.01), ‘I trust my own judement in deciding how to care for the baby’(t＝1.96, p＜0.05), ‘I feel that I know my baby and what to do for him /her’(t＝2.44, p＜0.01), ‘I am concerned about being able to meet the baby's needs’(t＝2.87, p＜0.01), ‘I know what my baby likes and dislikes’(t＝3.26, p＜0.01), ‘I don't know to care for the baby as well as I should’(t＝2.07, p＜0.05), and ‘I am unsure about whether I give enough attention to the baby’(t＝3.04, p＜0.01), That is, the degree of self-confidence in mothering, activities concerning infant care, and understanding of infant behavior of the experimental group was higher than that of the control group. Therefore, the first hypothesis, that the degree of self-confidence in maternal role performance of the experimental group would be higher than that of the control group, was supported(t＝3.95, p＜0.01). 4. The degree of satisfaction in the maternal role performance of the exprimental group was higer than that or the control group(t＝2.31, p＜0.05). Out of 13 items, those with higher score in the experimental group were ‘I am glad I had this baby now’(t＝2.29, p＜0.05), ‘I enjoy taking care of the baby’(t＝2.4g, p＜0.01), ‘It is boring for me to care for the baby and do the same thing over and over’(t＝2.87, P＜0.01), ‘I am unhappy with the amount of time I have for activities other than childcare’(t＝2.51, p＜0.01), and ‘When bathing and diapering the baby, I would like to be doing something else’(t＝2.43, p＜0.01). That is, the degree of satisfaction in mothering, infant care, and restraints in time of on the mother's self accomplishment and development in the experimental group was higher than that of the control group. Therefore, the second hypothesis, that the degree of satisfaction in maternal role performance of the experimental group would be higher than that of the control group, was supported(t＝2.31, p＜0.05). 5. The third hypothesis, that the higher the degree of satisfaction in materenal role performance, the higher the degree of self-confidence in materenal role performance in the experimental group, was supported (r＝0.57, p＜0.01)

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.294-312
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• 1996

Relatively young widows, who are left with young children by a sudden death of their husbands, will be faced with not only psychological troubles such as individual anxiety and frustration but also the dual burden of playing both father and mother roles in a family, Also, family members have difficulty in adapting themselves to new circumstances of the family system, the training and raising of family members, and management of the family economy. In this study, the realistic resources on the experience of middle-aged women who are bereaved of their husbands by accidents were explored. The purpose of this study is to help widows adapt to life in society and live a more positive life by setting a new goals and recovering from a lost and twisted life. 11 women, who have experienced the loss their husbands and live in the Seoul metropolitan area were studied. The research took 116 days from December 15, 1995 to April 8, 1996. The method of research was direct interviews. While having interviews with them, the contents were recorded with their consent. The ground theory was that used by Strauss & Corbin(1990) in the analysis of the data. 81 concepts were analyzed and they were subdirided into 22 subordinate categories through the course of the analysis. These were then classified into 9 general categories. In the course of being categorized, 'absurdity' was showed as a core category. The subordinate categories 'surprise', 'gloom', 'grudge', 'helplessness', 'emptiness', and 'loss' were united in the core category 'absurdity'. Ominous presentiment, belated notice, death, surprise, gloom, grudge, helplessness, emptiness, loss, the situation of the children, lack of support from neighbors, support from neighbors, mulling over ways to live, choosing a job, strengthening, reinforcement, burden, sadness, smoldering, yearning, overcoming these 22 subordinate categories were re-composed into 9 general ones the husband's death, absurdity, presence of children, existence of support, self-support ability, preparation of countermeasures, self-reinforcement, toilsomeness, and overcoming. 'Absurdity' widows experience was shown in the results of 'toilsomeness' and 'overcoming' through reaction, confrontation, and adaptation. According to the analysis the central phenomenon was absurdity, the causal condition of the death of a husband, the presence of children and the existence of support, and the meditated situation of self-support. To solve absurdity, the preparation of countermeasures and self-reinforcements were shown resulting in toilsomeness and overcoming. Through the contrast in the data, the following statements were deduced: (1) If the death of the husband is expected, the more a widow will feel absurdity. (2) The more children she has and the younger she is, the more a widow will feel absurdity. (3) The lower support she is given, the more a widow will feel absurdity. (4) The larger self-ability she has, the more actively she will prepare countermeasures. (5) The smaller self-ability she has, the more passively she will prepare countermeasures. (6) The larger self-ability she has, the weaker self-reinforcement she will preform. (7) The smaller self-ability she has, the stronger self-reinforcement she will perform. (8) The more actively she prepares countermeasures for absurdity, the better she will overcome. (9) The more passively she prepares counter measure for absurdity, the worse she will overcome. (10) The stronger self-reinforcement for absurdity she performs, the better she will overcome. (11) The weaker self-reinforcement for absurdity she performs, the worse she will overcome. Through the results in this study, the following suggested: 1) A study whose object is all family members, and a comparative study on the case of a husband who has lost his wife should be done. These studies can be expected to develop a more refined theory. 2) Because of the collapse of the extended family system and the changes of family culture in Korea, a widow's status and position are apt to be ambiguous between her husband's home and her parent's. Therefore a new study on family culture should be made. 3) A continuous study on growing social Self Help Groups should be requested for the widows of this study to re-establish and recover from their twisted and scattered lives.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.271-283
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• 1997

This study is designed for the school health education, contributing experience of life from middle school students from broken homes by describing specifically what they go through. And on this basis this study works out a grounded theory on the experience of life for middle school students from broken homes. The data was collected through a series of interviews with nine subjects singled out at each stage of research. With the permission of the subjects, the interviews were recorded and transcribed. The interviews lasted from 30 minutes up to one hour and 20 minutes. The in-depth interviewing methods and observations was used for data collection. The data was analyzed in the framework of grounded theory as mapped out by Strauss & Corbin (1990). By analyzing the materials eighty-three concepts were extracted, and they were united into 21 subordinate categories through the course of analysis. These were classified into nine precedence categories. The core category was found to be the adaptation of 'Wichookdem" or "Shrinkage". "Shrinkage" widows experienced was showed as the results "Self-reliance" and "Overcoming" through the course of generation and reaction, confrontation, and adaptation. According to the analysis findings of materials, the central phenomenon was showed as "shrinkage", the causal condition as "surprise", "Darkness", "Grudge", "Desolate", "Empty". The veins as presence of those around people and existence of support, and the meditate situation as self-support. For the strategy in solving "shrinkage", preparations of countermeasure and self-reinforcement were showed. And self-reliance and overcoming were the results. Through the contrast to the cases of ground materials, relation statements as follows were induced; (1) The weaker the suffering is, the weaker the "shrinkage" tends to be. (2) The stronger the suffering is, the stronger the "shrinkage" tends to be. (3) The more frequent and serious the suffering, the stronger the "shrinkage" tend to be. (4) The more infrequent and not serious the suffering is, the weaker the "shrinkage" tends to be. (5) The weaker the "shrinkage" is, the more self-control1ed the responses tends to be. (6) The stronger the "shrinkage" is, the more impulsive the responses tends to be. (7) The more satisfying the support is, the more self-controlled the responses to the "shrinkage" tends to be. (8) The more dissatisfying the support is, the more impulsive the responses to the "shrinkage" tends to be. (9) The more concrete the type of support is, the more self-controlled the responses to the "shrinkage" tends to be. (10) The more superficial the type of support is, the more impulsive the responses to the "shrinkage" tends to be. (11) The more self-controlled the responses are, the more self-reliant the subjects tends to be. (12) The more impulsive the responses are, the more conflict and wandering the subjects tends to be. (13) Whether the responses to the "shrinkage" express themselves in self-control or an impulse, it will be resulted in the form of either tension or pain. The following two were confirmed on the basis of repetitive relations; (1) If a subject's suffering is weak, infrequent and not serious, the "shrinkage" is weak. Also the subject's support is highly satisfying, and the support type is concrete. The responses to the "shrinkage" result in self-control which consequence is self-reliance with part. of it resulting in tension and pain. (2) If a subject's suffering is strong, frequent and serious, the "shrinkage" is strong. Also the subject's support is dissatisfying, and the support type is superficial. The responses to the "shrinkage" result in an impulsion whose consequence is wandering with part of it resulting in tension and pain. Through the results in this study, the following is to be suggested; O This research is basically aimed at analyzing the experience of the middle school students living in broken homes, for the more inclusive approach, the study for them is made systematically according to the type of their problems.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.143-152
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• 2005

A concept of 'digital' is changing a living pattern of moderners, with having influence on the whole life of modern society. The purpose of this study is arrange the frame of conformity to the 'fashion as culture' by considering the social and cultural phenomena being shown in relation to digital, which is a concept being watched most for the 21st century and by trying to analyze a tendency of digital culture being shown in the modernly fashion design based on this. The digital culture, which is a concept of generalizing the phenomena of interactional changes in the sub-structure being derived by digital technology, is being shown as a tendency of fusionization and globalization, and due to this, the culture of digital nomads is being formed. On the other hand, a tendency of amenity caused by the reaction against the coldly digital technology, is forming one axis of digital culture. As the culture, which experiences the process of a change by digital technology, is reflected even on the fashion, the fusion of technology and the human body, brought about the appearance and the development of the artificial body, by allowing the wearable computer to be introduced to fashion and by being connected directly to the body. This means the expansion of range for fashion. The destruction of a border between space and space, is making an opportunity of forming another ego inside the cyber space, with bringing about the mixed loading between the cyber space and the real space. As the border between the cyber space and the real space is being collapsed, the space of newly self-realization is being created. The collapse of gender is being shown as the pursuit of gender, which is a nomadic concept of not giving priority to anywhere of male gender and female gender. The tendency of sensitive design introduced the sports look as the largely fashion trend. Fascinated with Zen thoughts is leading to a response to the swiftly and coldly social conditions caused by machine. The digital culture by digital technology and the fashion tendency being shown by its influence, meet the needs of self-realization and self-expansion for a human being, and satisfy the needs for the expression of self-identity for a human being, and enable the search for introspection about inner existence inside the self.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.3-14
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• 2002

Childhood psychic trauma appears to be a crucial factor in the development of serious disorders both in childhood and in adulthood. Traumatized children show strong tendency to revisualize or re-feel a traumatic events. Play and behavioral reenactments are frequent manifestations of both the single blow and the long-standing traumas in childhood. Those children who suffer the results of single, intense terror appear to exhibit detailed memory, retrospective reworkings and misperceptions. In long-standing or repetitive trauma, children would show psychic numbing, self-hypnosis, dissociation and rage. Child's brain is undergoing critical and sensitive periods of differentiation. During this time, developing central nervous system is exquisitely sensitive to stress. Stressor-activated neurotransmitters and hormones can play major roles in neurogenesis, migration, synaptogenesis, and neurochemical differentiation. Internal opiate system operates in some trauma and causes the victim to fail to respond, to avoid, to shut off feelings. Evidence is also accumulating in traumatology that dysfuntion of locus coeruleus and ventral tegmental neucleus system leads to catecholamine receptors hypersensitivity. This change result in hypervigilance, increased startle, affective lability, and increased autonomic nervous system hyperreactivity. Another site of action of trauma on the brain is hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Individuals with PTSD do not have enough cortisol to halt the alarm reaction. When children are exposed to long-standing extreme events, massive attempts to protect the psyche and to preserve the self are put into gear. These developmental traumas mobilize various kinds of defense mechanisms. Massive denial, dissociation, self anesthesia, identification with aggressor and aggression turned against the self often lead to profound character changes in the youngsters.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.501-511
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• 2009

This study was conducted to develop self-healing ability of concrete so that inspection could be available even in the event of minute cracks without complex works at any time for more economic concrete structure maintenance and longevity. A completely different method has been carried out in comparison with many of similar researches on self-healing concrete. This is a basic study on the development of self-healing concrete using microbial biomineralization. Compounds were generated except for cells by precipitation reaction of CaC$O_3$ during the microbial metabolism and we examined the use as a binder that hardens the surface of sand using biomineralization that Sporosarcina pasteurii precipitates CaC$O_3$. In result, the formation of new mineral and hardening of sand surface could be verified partly, and it was available for cracks to be repaired by calcite with organic (microorganism) and inorganic (CaC$O_3$) complex structure through the basic experiment a little bit. Therefore the use of biomineralization by this sort of microbial metabolism for concrete structure helps to develop absolute repair-concrete like this concrete with microorganism. The effect of microbial application will be one of the most important research tasks having influence on not only repair for concrete structure but also development of new materials able to reduce environmental problems.