• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.1253-1257
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• 2011

The surface structures, adsorption conditions, and thermal desorption behaviors of cyclopentanethiol (CPT) self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on Au(111) were investigated by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and thermal desorption spectroscopy (TDS). STM imaging revealed that although the adsorption of CPT on Au(111) at room temperature generates disordered SAMs, CPT molecules at $50^{\circ}C$ formed well-ordered SAMs with a $(2{\surd}3{\times}{\surd}5)R41^{\circ}$ packing structure. XPS measurements showed that CPT SAMs at room temperature were formed via chemical reactions between the sulfur atoms and gold surfaces. TDS measurements showed two dominant TD peaks for the decomposed fragments ($C_5H_9^+$, m/e = 69) generated via C-S bond cleavage and the parent molecular species ($C_5H_9SH^+$, m/e = 102) derived from a recombination of the chemisorbed thiolates and hydrogen atoms near 440 K. Interestingly, dimerization of sulfur atoms in n-alkanethiol SAMs usually occurs during thermal desorption and the same reaction did not happen for CPT SAMs, which may be due to the steric hindrance of cyclic rings of the CPT molecules. In this study, we demonstrated that the alicyclic ring of organic thiols strongly affected the surface structure and thermal desorption behavior of SAMs, thus providing a good method for controlling chemical and physical properties of organic thiol SAMs.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.71-84
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• 1999

This study attempts to identify the self-image of eyeglass wearers with Q-methodology. Preliminary Q-statements were collected through personal and telephone interviews and based in consultation with reference books, eyeglass wearers, an optician and an oculist. Finally, 34 Q-samples were seleted. The results were analyzed by a Q-factor with a PC QUANL Program. The self-image of eyeglass wearers were found to revolve around three types: Type 1. They feel that eyeglasses have a negative influence on image and that they uncomfortable. In addition, other people have a negative bias toward people who wear eyeglasses. As a result of these negative prejudices and inconveniences, there is a tendency to wear contact lens or have laser operations. Type 2. They feel less uncomfortable comparatively, when explained that glasses can help improve their image. When explained as a fashion accessory, negative prejudices almost disappeared. Type 3. They show a positive reaction when explained that spectacles are also used for sight protection. Howerer, they are sensitive to changes in their complexion as a result of eyeglass wear and place much importance in the design of glass frames. The significance of this study is to suggest basic data for a mediation device that improve the image of eyeglass wearers discovery and analysis of these three types.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.5-14
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was supply basic information and positive attitude needed to understand the disabled person through the analysing EMT Dept. student reaction on the disabled person. The subjects for this study were 251 students from G-college in In-Cheon City. The subjects were separated as the EMT dept. students and general dept student. The instrument used for this study were Lazer. Bonett and Granaff(1973). The scale of attitude on the disabled person. Data were analyzed by use of two-sample t-test and correlation coefficient with SAS program. Results are as follows ; 1. Frist, the EMT Dept. students showed more positive and optimistic attitude on the disabled person as safety prevention with their family life and safety prevention with first impression, but the general dept. student showed more positive and optimistic attitude on the disabled person as safety prevention with their self-consciousness, safety prevention with operative capacity, safety prevention with social life and safety prevention with school life. 2. Second, on attitude of 1 or 2 grade, first grade showed more positive and optimistic attitude on the disabled person as safety prevention with self-consciousness and safety prevention with operative capacity. Second grade showed more positive and optimistic attitude on the disabled person as safety prevention with social life, safety prevention with family life and safety prevention with school life. and first impression. But disabled person as safety prevention with self-consciousness, safety prevention with operative capacity, safety prevention with social life, safety prevention with school life and first impression. 3. Third, in interrelation effect analysing each section department and grade. They showed and interrelated more positive and optimistic attitude on the disabled person as safety prevention with their social life and first impression. As a results, it is important to understand disabled person whose physical condition. Especially, this study suggests to need to endeavor safety prevention for disabled person.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.452-455
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• 2004

In this paper, investigations of the SAMs(self-assembled monolayers) of a thiol-fuctionalized viologen derivatives, $V_8SH$ and $SH_8V_8SH$, where, V is N,N'-dialkylbipyridinium (i.e. a viologen group), have been carried out by elucidate voltammetry date. The redox reactions are highly reversible and can be cycled many times without significant side reaction, which has been known as a nano-gram order mass detector through resonant frequency change self-assembly process of the viologen has been investigated with $QCM({\Delta}F)$. The assembling process of the $V_8SH$ and $SH_8V_8SH$ monolayers can be finished completely in about 1 hour. The measured frequency shift for $V_8SH$ and $SH_8V_8SH$ were about 351 and 172 Hz, respectively. From these values, we calculated that the mass adsorbed $V_8SH$ and $SH_8V_8SH$ were about 375 and 183 ng. We believe that this mass loss is caused by the simultaneous loss of the anions present within the monolayer for charge compensation of the viologen dications and some solvent.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.25 no.8
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• pp.739-747
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• 2004

This study was to promote meaning ways of leaning and observe the influence of concept maps on middle school students' conceptual formation with regards to the topic of the 'sea water'. Concept map is one way to examine a leaner's conceptual formation process. The subjects of this study consisted of four classes within the first grade students of a Busan middle school, which were divided into two groups: the experimental group which applied concept map teaching and the ordinary teaching group. This study was carried out before and after class, examining the science leaning achievement, self-directed leaning characteristics, and awareness change on the concept maps. The result of this study was as follows: First, the leaning achievement of middle school students was positively affected by the use of concept maps. Second, the teaching method with concept map was more effective self-directed leaning characteristics compared to the ordinary one. Third, concept map teaching was a positive reaction to conceptual formation.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.109-121
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to find out the long-term effects of the self-help program through the follow-up with peer group meetings of arthritis patients. In order to fulfil the purposes, the follow-up program with peer group meetings was developed by researchers with consisting of monthly health contract, group discussion, group counseling, recreation, and exercise. This program was carried out 2-3 hours once in a month for 5 months (1999-2000) and evaluated in a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest quasi-experimental design. The subjects were 34 patients of experimental group and 24 of control group. The measurement tools of this study are pain rating scale(Lee & Song), KHAQ(Bae), rating scale of fatigue, and goniometer. The results of this study revealed no significant differences on number of pain site, fatigue, physical functioning, flexibility of the shoulder joints, and level of the extension of the knee joints between experimental group and control group. Whileas pain reaction of the control group was significantly high. However, the peers expressed very much their satisfaction and appreciations with the follow-up program with Peer group meetings. Actually, they wanted to have this peer group meeting continuously. This results suggested that the follow-up program with peer group meeting could be recommended as good nursing intervention to help the arthritis patients after having the Self Help Program in the community setting.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.235-240
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• 2010

We investigated the carbon monoxide (CO) gas-sensing properties of nanostructured Al-doped zinc oxide thin films deposited on self-assembled Au nanodots (ZnO/Au thin films). The Al-doped ZnO thin film was deposited onto the structure by rf sputtering, resulting in a gas-sensing element comprising a ZnO-based active layer with an embedded Pt/Ti electrode covered by the self-assembled Au nanodots. Prior to the growth of the active ZnO layer, the Au nanodots were formed via annealing a thin Au layer with a thickness of 2 nm at a moderate temperature of $500^{\circ}C$. It was found that the ZnO/Au nanostructured thin film gas sensors showed a high maximum sensitivity to CO gas at $250^{\circ}C$ and a low CO detection limit of 5 ppm in dry air. Furthermore, the ZnO/Au thin film CO gas sensors exhibited fast response and recovery behaviors. The observed excellent CO gas-sensing properties of the nanostructured ZnO/Au thin films can be ascribed to the Au nanodots, acting as both a nucleation layer for the formation of the ZnO nanostructure and a catalyst in the CO surface reaction. These results suggest that the ZnO thin films deposited on self-assembled Au nanodots are promising for practical high-performance CO gas sensors.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.203-208
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• 2011

Most of the online learning systems provide information that is based on the item difficulty what is custumized to learner. And the same learning process is performing to the same learning level learners. But, the degree of understanding of the same learning contents can be different even if the learner's level is same. Therefore, it is difficult to represent an effective learning experience because the learning is progressed by the determined difficulty of learning and the learning process even thought the provided content is difficult to understand. So we can control the learning difficulty during learning in order to escape from a uniform learning that online learning is provided. In this paper, we proposed a contents reorganization method for Self-Directed Learning. In this way, learners can understand their own level and customize the difficulty of learning. And then we expect the higher learning effect and satisfaction degree.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.267-274
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• 2014

Self vulcanizable blend system for magnetorheological elastomer (MRE) has been studied by dispersing magneto responsible particle (MRP) on elastomeric matrix. Chloroprene rubber was modified with maleic anhydride (MAH) using heat and pressure which is called dynamic maleation process. The optimum graft ratio of MAH was found at 10 phr contents and reaction temperature of $100^{\circ}C$. This could be confirmed by FT-IR analysis. Epoxided natural rubber (ENR) was blended with modified CR-g-MAH for self vulcanization. The optimum amounts of ENR was 30 wt% in terms of scorch time and curing rate. MRE was manufactured by electromagnetic equipment and orientation of MRE was confirmed by SEM. Finally, it was found that the tensile strength of anisotropic-MRE was higher than that of isotropic-MRE and the hardness was reverse.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.791-800
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• 2014

4-Chlorobenzoyl (CB) group-attached multi-walled carbon nanotube (c-MWNT) was prepared via a direct Friedel-Crafts acylation of MWNT with 4-chlorobenzoic acid (CBA) in a $P_2O_5$/poly(phosphoric acid) medium. c-MWNT with a maximum chlorine content of 5.3 wt% (CB group content of 20.9 wt%) was obtained by controlling the amount of CBA during the reaction. Using a self-condensation polymerization of 4-chlorobenzenethiol (CBT) to poly(phenylene sulfide) (PPS), MWNT-g-PPS was prepared by adding c-MWNT of chlorine content of 5.3 wt% during the self-polymerization of CBT and removing homo PPS after polymerization in order to increase the interfacial interaction between PPS and MWNT. Thermal and surface properties of the MWNT-g-PPS were characterized. The results showed that PPS was formed on the surface of c-MWNT by the condensation of c-MWNT and CBT.