• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.21-30
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to examine theoretical underpinnings of housing adjustment as applied to residents of Korean folk housing. On random and voluntary base, 66 households of the Andong Haboe folk village were asked to participate in the present study for a self-administrated questionnaire survey as well as open-ended face-to-face interviews. Some valuable results were obtained as follows. In spite of the legal barrier to change in physical conditions of housing, first, a huge amount of adjustment actually took place in the rural folk village. Satisfying basic amenity or shelter needs turned out to be the basic role of adjustment. Second, the number of adjustment works previously done was not effective anyhow in predicting the level of housing satisfaction. Speare's (1974) satisfaction theory of housing adjustment was largely supported by the present study. Highly dissatisfied residents with their housing were more likely to expect adjustment works of their own. Additionally, age turned out to be the most powerful predictor of housing adjustment. Finally, housing satisfaction was positively correlated with community attachment (Kendall's $\tau$ =.35 ; p 〈 .001). Residents satisfied with their house were more likely to be proud of being a member of community. Overall, though, community attachment was not related anyhow to the willingness of housing adjustment.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.313-318
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• 2006

본 논문에서는 ART-1 기반 자가 생성 지도학습 알고리즘과 얼굴 인증을 이용한 주민등록증 인식방법을 제안한다. 본 논문에서는 주민등록증 영상에서 주민등록번호와 발행일을 추출하기 위해, 획득된 주민등록증의 영상에서 Sobel Mask와 Median Filter를 이용하여 윤곽선을 추출하고 잡음을 제거한 후, 수평 스미어링을 적용하여 주민등록번호와 발행일 영역을 각각 추출한다. 그리고 고주파 필터링을 적용하여 추출된 영역을 이진화하고 4방향 윤곽선 추적 알고리즘을 적용하여 개별 코드를 추출한다. 추출된 개별 코드는 ART-1 기반 자가 생성 지도학습 알고리즘을 적용하여 인식한다. 얼굴 인증은 Template Matching 방법을 적용하여 Face Template Database를 구축하고, 획득된 주민등록증의 얼굴 영역과의 유사도를 측정하여 주민등록증의 사진 위조 여부를 판별한다. 제안된 주민등록증 인식 방법의 성능을 평가하기 위해 10개의 주민등록증을 대상으로 실험하였고 원본 주민등록증 영상에서 사진과 얼굴 부분을 위조한 주민등록증에 대해 얼굴 인증 실험을 하였다. 실험을 통해 제안된 방법이 주민등록번호 인식 및 얼굴 인증에 있어서 우수한 성능이 있음을 확인하였다.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.12
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• pp.485-496
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• 2021

This study explores the direct relationship between challenge and hindrance demands affecting autonomous extrinsic motivation and sales performance. In addition, we examine the mediating role of autonomous extrinsic motivation in the relationship between challenge demands, hindrance demands, and sales performance. This study explores the direct relationship between challenge and hindrance demands affecting autonomous extrinsic motivation and sales performance. In addition, we examine the mediating role of autonomous extrinsic motivation in the relationship between challenge demands, hindrance demands, and sales performance. This study proceeded in two phases comprising preliminary and prime research. First, preliminary quantitative research was conducted through face-to-face interviews with 125 observations to analyze the reliability of the scale and exploratory factor analysis to evaluate the measurements. The data collected from 431 real estate market employees shows that both challenge and hindrance demands positively and negatively affect sales performance through autonomous extrinsic motivation. Furthermore, challenge demands and hindrance demands affect positive and negative sales performance through autonomous extrinsic motivation, respectively. This study suggests that business organizations should design job demands to ensure that challenging work is suitable for employees' job positions. Thus, they will contribute to motivation and help employees achieve job performance.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.50 no.6
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• pp.778-786
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• 2020

Purpose: This study aimed to explore the motives of clinical nurses for experiencing empathy with patients and their families based on a self-determination theory framework. Methods: Semi-structured face-to-face interviews with twenty-one nurses at four tertiary hospitals in Anhui, China, were conducted, recorded and transcribed. A content analysis with a directed approach was performed. Results: An analysis of the interview transcripts revealed three categories of empathy motivation: autonomous motivation, controlled motivation and a lack of empathy motivation. Autonomous motivation included personal interests, enjoyment and a sense of value, pure altruism, assimilation, and recognition of the importance of empathy. Controlled motivation highlighted pressures from oneself and others, the possibility of tangible or intangible rewards, and avoidance of adverse effects. Finally, a lack of empathy motivation referred to a lack of intention for empathy and denial of the value of empathy. Conclusion: This study provides a deep understanding of the motives underlying empathy in nurses. The results reveal the reasons for empathy and may support the development of effective strategies to foster and promote empathy in nurses.

• The Journal of Information Systems
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.219-238
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• 2022

Purpose The purpose of this study is to investigate the structural relationships between interest, interaction level, presence, which are the characteristics of metaverse, learning immersion, and learning satisfaction, which are learning factors. Design/methodology/approach A questionnaire survey technique was used to achieve the purpose of the study. A questionnaire survey was conducted from November 22 to December 5, 2021, with students with experience in non-face-to-face classes using Gather Town and a total of 114 copies of the questionnaire excluding those with insincere answers were used for empirical analysis. SPSS Win ver.23.0 was used for basic statistical analysis, and AMOS 22.0 was used for the establishment and analysis of a structural equation model. Findings According to the study findings, interest and interaction levels had effects on learning immersion and learning presence, self-efficacy on learning presence, and learning immersion and learning presence on learning satisfaction. This study is meaningful in that it conducted an empirical study to find variables for improving learning immersion by conducting classes based on metaverse. Based on the findings of this study, it was found that interest and interaction, which are the biggest characteristics of metaverse, sustain learning participation and immersion and increase presence thereby enhancing learning satisfaction so that the possibilities of metaverse as a next generation education platform passing the limit of existing real time video platforms can be peeped.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.332-339
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• 2022

Purpose: Bus drivers are at high risk of chronic diseases due to risk factors associated with poor diet, physical inactivity, high levels of sedentary behaviors, and unfavorable working environments. This study developed a mHealth program for bus drivers, and examined the effectiveness of a mHealth program for promoting physical activity among bus drivers using wearable devices and health coaching. Methods: Forty-seven workers from two bus companies were allocated to the experimental group and the control group. Participants were asked to wear a wearable device (Fitbit Charge HR) during waking hours for a day. Participants in the experimental group were provided with a Fitbit, weekly face-to-face health coaching, a mHealth workbook, and text and photo messaging for 12 weeks. The control group only received a Fitbit. Results: By week 12, there were significant differences between the experimental and control groups in exercise self-efficacy (p<.015) and daily walking steps (p<.001). Conclusion: The findings have demonstrated that the mHealth program using wearable devices and health coaching is effective for bus drivers for promoting physical activity. Based on our findings, it is recommended to encourage the mHealth program using wearable devices and health coaching for bus drivers' wellness.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.110-116
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• 2022

The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of gamification in nursing practice for undergraduate students, as well as to explore the use of gamification in nursing education. This study is a systematic review of RCTs evaluating the effectiveness of gamification in nursing practice for undergraduate students. A total of 7 articles were identified in a search of PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase, and the additional databases were CINAHL (in English) and RISS (in Korean) between September 28, 2022 to October 5, 2022. Themes related to the environment and personal behaviors between 2002 and 2021 were extracted. The intervention themes were blood transfusion, postoperative pediatric nursing, postoperative hemorrhage and brain trauma nursing, basic and advanced life support, disaster nursing, and neonatal resuscitation. The primary outcomes were knowledge in five studies, satisfaction in one study, and competency in one study. The secondary outcomes were satisfaction in three studies, confidence in two studies, performance in two studies, skills in two studies, and self-efficacy, motivation, professional attitude, cognition, gameful experience, and affective response in one study each. Therefore, gamification interventions can be utilized in nursing practice education instead of traditional teaching methods such as lectures and face-to-face clinical practice.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.86-98
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• 2021

Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the impact of patient-physician communication curriculum on students of Korean medical school in terms of cognitive, affective, and psychomotor level of communication skills. Methods: A communication curriculum was developed considering COVID-19 pandemic situation. Lectures, peer role-play, open interview with standardized patient (SP), discussion and feedback were conducted by online, and face-to-face 1:1 SP-interview was performed. Scores of written test, peer role-play of medical communication, SP-interview, self-evaluation on one's interview with real patients in clinical clerkship, and questionnaire of importance were collected and analyzed. Results: Converted to 100 point scale, the mean score of written test (cognitive level) was 91.2 while that of importance questionnaire (affective level) was 77.5. The mean scores of psychomotor level were 72.5, 77.5, and 62.5 for peer role-play, SP-interview, and real patient interview in clerkship, respectively. Conclusions: Students' performance is lower in higher level of competence. Curriculums should provide more opportunities of practices to students, and include evaluation focusing on performance skills.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Computer Information Conference
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• 2021.07a
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• pp.285-287
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• 2021

현재 코로나19로 인한 비대면 상황이 지속되고 있고, 재활 환자들은 병원 치료 후 올바른 방향의 재활활동과 케어를 받고자 하는 욕구를 충족하고 싶어 한다. 이에 본 논문은, 어플리케이션의 활용과 영상 장치를 통해 사용자의 재활 케어에 도움을 주는 서비스, 시스템 구축해봄으로써 앞에서 제기된 환자들의 니즈를 해결하고자 한다. 구현은 HTML5, CSS3, Javascript를 사용하여 이용자 간의 상호작용이 가능한 멀티서비스를 제공하며, 이로써 누구나 쉽게 저비용으로 해당 서비스를 접근과 이용이 가능하도록 도움을 줄 수 있다.

• Educational Technology International
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.127-143
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to identify the interaction patterns in distance only mode e-Learning. In order to investigate this study, messages shown in the electronic notice board were analyzed to see how interaction occurs between teacher and learner or learner and learner under the e-learning of cyber university. To analyze messages was applied according to the framework by Henri's contents analysis model. As a result of contents analysis on electronic board, the participative dimension was 399 messages. A learner put on 7~8 messages a day. The number of messages was low compared to the number of learners, but the number of inquiries was about 140. That means that each learner contacts and checks messages at least once a day. The meaning dimension was 600 units. The main interaction patterns were Interactive-social-cognitive-metacognitive. This means that e-Learning in distance only mode leads a positive attitude of learners as a self-directed learning, and needs teacher's well-structured instructional strategies for increasing interaction. In conclusion, social dimension and interactive dimension of messages support learners psychologically in the process of learning though they directly guide learning under the circumstances of e-learning lacking face-to-face element. It can be interpreted that the teacher's role is significantly important in order to attract learners' positive participation and cognitive and meta-cognitive dimension of messages and activities