• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.363-371
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• 2008

As a computational method for the discovery of the effective agonists for PPARd, we address the usefulness of molecular dynamics free energy (MDFE) simulation with explicit solvent in terms of the accuracy and the computing cost. For this purpose, we establish an efficient computational protocol of thermodynamic integration (TI) that is superior to free energy perturbation (FEP) method in parallel computing environment. Using this protocol, the relative binding affinities of GW501516 and its derivatives for PPARd are calculated. The accuracy of our protocol was evaluated in two steps. First, we devise a thermodynamic cycle to calculate the absolute and relative hydration free energies of test molecules. This allows a self-consistent check for the accuracy of the calculation protocol. Second, the calculated relative binding affinities of the selected ligands are compared with experimental IC50 values. The average deviation of the calculated binding free energies from the experimental results amounts at the most to 1 kcal/mol. The computational efficiency of current protocol is also assessed by comparing its execution times with those of the sequential version of the TI protocol. The results show that the calculation can be accelerated by 4 times when compared to the sequential run. Based on the calculations with the parallel computational protocol, a new potential agonist of GW501516 derivative is proposed.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.414-426
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the process of overcoming the intention toward turnover experienced by career nurses. Methods: Data were collected from 10 career nurses though in-depth interviews about their experiences. The main question was "How do you describe your experience of the process of overcoming intention to turnover as a career nurse?" Qualitative data from field and transcribed notes were analyzed using Strauss & Corbin's grounded theory methodology. Results: From the participants' statement, 127 concepts, 34 subcategories and 13 categories were extracted through the open coding process. The core category was discovered to be 'back to the original place'. Phenomenon was identified as 'reached the threshold that cannot be withstood' and this series of process was categorized as having four stages: 'conflict', 'meditation', 'discovery' and 'conquest'. There were three types of overcoming turnover intention in career nurses, 'adjustment', 'compromise', 'self-led'. Conclusion: The results of this study produced useful information about the needs of career nurses during the process of overcoming turnover intention based on their stage and overcoming types of turnover intension. Ultimately this study may help decrease the turnover intention of career nurses.

• Acta Via Serica
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.57-83
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• 2018

Historians describe the early years of the 20th century as a period of "nationalism." During this period, Turkish nationalism transformed into a thought movement which emerged to defend Turkish national sovereignty during the collapse of the Ottoman Empire. Approaches towards nationalism in Turkey are based on the idea of national sovereignty and the ideas of national independence that developed subsequently. Nationalism in Turkey first transformed from Pan-Islamism into multinational Ottomanism, and finally developed into Turkish nationalism and patriotism. This process emerged as a movement of self-discovery in the multicultural structure of the Ottoman Empire and transformed into Turkism. The Balkan Wars (1912-1913) destroyed the foundation upon which Ottomanism was based, and led to the rise of Turkish nationalism, in other words, Turkism. The idea of nation in modern terms in the recent history of thought and nationalism subsequently developed based on this idea and emerged with the Turkism movement. Thus, Turkism became the movement of Turks in the empire, combined with political Turkism which was supported by the intellectuals who came to the Ottoman Empire from Russia. In this article, the formation of Turkist movements and the leading intellectuals of Turkish nationalism, who emerged at the end of the 19th century and at the beginning of 20th century in the Ottoman Empire, are investigated in order to examine the historical progress of nationalist approaches in a period in which a new national state was established and improved.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2010.02a
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• pp.38-38
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• 2010

Ever since the experimental discovery of graphene exfoiliated from the graphite flakes by Geim et at., this area has drawn a lot of attention for its possible application in IT industry. For the growth of graphene, chemical vapor deposition (CVD) has been widely used to fabricate the large area graphene. The lateral size of this graphene can be easily controlled by the size of the metal substrate though the chemical etching to remove this substrate is somewhat troublesome. Another problem which is hard to avoid is the folding at the grain boundary. We will discuss the origin of the folding first and introduce the way to avoid this folding. To solve this problem, we have used the various types of micro-thin metal foils. The precise control of hydro-carbon and the carrier gas results in the formation of the graphene on top of substrate. The thickness of graphene layers can be controlled with the control of gas flow on top of Cu substrate in contrast to the previously reported self-limiting growth $behavior^1$. Uniformity of this graphene layer has been checked by micro-raman spectroscopy and SEM. The size of grain can be enhanced by thermal treatment or use of other metal substrate. The dependence of grain size on the lattice size of the substrate will be discussed. By selecting the shape of substrate, we can grow various types of graphene. We will introduce the micron size graphene tube and its application.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.135-145
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• 2019

The paper aims to investigate the factors of brand equity affecting the purchase intention of car buyers in Ho Chi Minh City. The authors use qualitative method and quantitative research to study the matters, specifically using scales and data collected for Cronbach alpha reliability testing, analysizing the discovery factor of EFA, CFA and verifying the regression models through AMOS software with SEM linear modeling. The study proposes four factors: (1) brand awareness, (2) self-expression value, (3) perceived quality, (4) brand psychology impacting on the brand loyalty and intention to buy cars of customers. The results show that all four factors are statistically significant for positive brand loyalty and purchase willing. The results showed that brand loyalty positively affects consumers' intention to buy cars. Among the factors included in the study, the brand psychology is a new factor which developed by experts in the context of Vietnam. This is the first study in Vietnam to quantify clearly the element of "crowd psychology" affecting the interests and habits of Vietnamese consumers. This explains why Vietnamese consumers prefer brands that are familiar in the market and some new cars with nice models and colors suitable for Vietnamese psychology.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.528-540
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• 2019

Purpose: This study was conducted to design services for improving the quality of care of hospitalized children with acute diseases. Methods: The service design process had four phases: discovery, definition, development, and delivery. The participants were 23 mothers of hospitalized children with an acute disease, and seven nurses and three doctors working at a pediatric hospital. Data were collected through self-report questionnaires, in-depth interviews, and observations. The data were analyzed using content analysis and descriptive statistics. Results: The participants reported needs for explanations about the treatment, skillful nursing, and environmental improvements. The concept of the services was familiarity and enjoyment, aimed at solving the problems of unfamiliarity and boredom. A six-guideline was presented for improving the quality of care of hospitalized children with acute diseases: improvement of awareness, development of educational materials, improvement of skills, environmental improvements, play activities, and evaluations of user satisfaction. Conclusion: These findings indicate that nursing services should deliver familiarity and enjoyment to hospitalized children and their families. The findings of this study emphasize that the service design methodology can be used to improve the quality of care of hospitalized children with acute diseases.

• Structural Monitoring and Maintenance
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.161-171
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• 2019

There have been a few checking frameworks intended to ensure and improve the nature of their regular habitat. The greater part of these frameworks are constrained in their capacities. In this paper, the insightful checking framework intended for debacle help and administrations has been exhibited. The ideal administrations, necessities and coming about plan proposition have been indicated. This has prompted a framework that depends fundamentally on ecological examination so as to offer consideration and security administrations to give the self-governance of indigenous habitats. In this sense, ecological acknowledgment is considered, where, in light of past work, novel commitments have been made to help include based and PC vision situations. This epic PC vision procedure utilized as notice framework for avalanche identification depends on changes in the normal landscape. The multi-criteria basic leadership strategy is used to incorporate slope data and the level of variety of the highlights. The reproduction consequences of highlight point discovery are shown in highlight guide coordinating toward discover steady and coordinating component focuses and effectively identified utilizing these two systems, by examining the variety in the distinguished highlights and the element coordinating.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.51-61
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• 2022

Purpose: Practical training in pediatric nursing gives students the opportunity to apply nursing knowledge to children in a realistic clinical context. Clinical practice faculty (CPF) and clinical nursing instructor (CNI) have played important roles in the pediatric nursing practicum. This study was conducted to develop a protocol to guide clinical practicum in pediatric nursing. Methods: A service design methodology was employed between August 2020 and May 2021 at four universities and four hospitals in South Korea. The participants were five CPFs, five CNIs, five nursing college graduates, and 60 nursing students. The service design process had four phases: discovery, definition, development, and delivery. Data were collected through self-report questionnaires, in-depth interviews, and observations. The data were analyzed using content analysis and descriptive statistics. Results: The participants reported needs for providing concrete guidance and explanation, nursing practice experience, and a link between school and the clinical field. A protocol was developed to fulfill the participants' needs. The protocol comprised detailed information, teaching methodology, and partnership to guide students in the pediatric nursing practicum. Conclusion: The protocol developed in this study can be used to provide guidance for students' clinical practice in the field of pediatric nursing.

• CELLMED
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• v.13 no.10
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• pp.9.1-9.6
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• 2023

This study aims to explore the potential of Korean language learning as a means of psychological healing and improving the quality of life for Japanese middle-aged and older learners. Results showed that Korean language learning could help alleviate various psychological issues experienced by middle-aged learners and contribute to enhancing their quality of life. Learning a foreign language is not just about acquiring information but also about meeting people who use the language and understanding and experiencing their culture. In particular, for Japanese middle-aged learners, Korean language learning can be advantageous as it can lead to the discovery or development of new hobbies or interests. Results also showed that Korean language learning increased learners' opportunities for interaction with others and enjoyment of learning new cultural customs. These positive outcomes suggest the need for discussion of teaching strategies that focus on psychological healing in foreign language education. Further clinical trials with participants who learn foreign languages for healing purposes may provide more conclusive evidence on the diverse effects of language learning on stress, anxiety, depression, self-development, social connections, and cognitive ability.

• Journal of Digestive Cancer Research
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.82-91
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• 2022

Gastrointestinal cancer accounts for one-third of the overall cancer occurrence worldwide. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a type of gastrointestinal cancer that is known to be one of the most fatal among all cancer types, with a 5-year survival rate of less than 8%. Chemotherapy combined with surgical resection is its probable curative option. However, surgery is accessible for only 10-15% of patients diagnosed with PDAC. Organoids show self-organizing capacities and resemble the original tissue in terms of morphology and function. Organoids can also be cultured with high effectiveness from tumor tissues derived from each patient, making them an extremely fitting model for translational uses and improving personalized cancer medicine. Enhancing drug screening platforms is necessary to apply personalized medicinebased organoids in clinical settings.