• Journal of the Institute of Convergence Signal Processing
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.81-86
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• 2006

In this paper, a new process detection circuit is proposed. The proposed process detection circuit compares a long channel MOS transistor (L > 0.4um) to a short channel MOS transistor which uses lowest feature size of the process. The circuit generates the differential current proportional to the deviation of carrier mobilities according to the process variation. This method keep the two transistor's drain voltage same by implementing the feedback using a high gain OPAMP. This paper also shows the new design of the simple high gam self-biased rail-to-rail OPAMP using a proposed self-biased super MOS composite circuit. The gain of designed OPAMP is measured over 100dB with $0.2{\sim}1.6V$ wide range CMR in single stage. Finally, the proposed process detection circuit is applied to a differential VCO and the VCO showed that the proposed process detection circuit compensates the process corners successfully and ensures the wide rage operation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.678-681
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• 2009

A single-pixel photon counter is designed using a folded cascode CMOS operational amplifier which is self-biased. Since there is no need for a voltage bias circuit, the layout area and power consumption of the designed counter are reduced. The signal voltage of the designed charge sensitive amplifier (CSA) with the MagnaChip $0.18{\mu}m$ CMOS process is simulated to be 138mv, near the theoretical voltage of 151mV. And the layout area of the designed counter is $100{\mu}m{\times}100{\mu}m$.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2012.02a
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• pp.492-492
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• 2012

RF biased inductively coupled plasma (ICP) has been widely used in various semiconductor etching processes and laboratory plasma researches. However, almost researches for the RF bias have been focused on the controls of dc self-bias voltages, even though the RF bias can change plasma parameters, such as electron temperature, plasma density, electron energy distribution (EED), and their spatial distributions. In this study, we report on the effect of the RF bias on the plasma parameters and the EEDs with various external parameters, such the RF bias power, the ICP power, the gas pressure, the gas mixture, and the frequency of RF bias. Our study shows the correlation between the RF bias and the plasma parameters and gives a crucial key for the understanding of collisionless electron heating mechanism in the RF biased ICP.

• Journal of Labour Economics
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.135-164
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• 2010

This paper compares the earnings effect of inter-industry technology differences between the self-employed and wage earners. It is assumed that primary skills utilized by the self-employed and paid workers differ in nature, and thus the earnings effect of technology differences and its skill-biasness also differ for each type of workers. For the empirical analysis. Heckman's two-stage method and quantile regressions are fitted to Korean panel data. The earnings effect of technology differences turns skill- biased for wage earners (job-specific skills), but prevails for all self-employed workers (entrepreneurial skills) regardless of their schooling level. This sectoral difference holds for each different quantile of earnings distribution.

• (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
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• no.36
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• pp.333-374
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• 2009

Korean traditional education emphasizes moral education than any other country or culture. Education is recognized as practical task for self-realization and self-transcendence in traditional Confucian community. This study starts from two questions. First, how moral education in Korea from late in the 19th, when the modernized schooling started, to now can be classified according to social and political circumstances? Second, what is the main issue of moral education in the progress of Korean education after independence from Japanese imperialism? Especially, this study focuses on reflecting and reviewing these issues by context of Eastern moral education. After late in the 19th century, moral education in Korea is divided into three types: "Education for loyalty and filial piety and Moral cultivation", "Citizenship education and Education for anti-communism", and "Moral education and Character education". This study mainly insists these types of moral education distort the sprit by political interests rather than inherit and develop sprit or basic value of moral education. Furthermore, this study discusses characteristic of moral education and way to improve based on important two issues in Korean society; "Nationalism in moral education" and "Western biased education" Making individual's free will into group consciousness in accordance with political power group's interests rather than developing moral community based on each one's character building, nationalism in moral education deepens self-alienation. Western biased education makes self-negation as it considers western as core, and Korea and other traditional ideas as side. This study emphasizes reanalysis Eastern moral education and need effort for understanding of Eastern moral education to overcome Western biased education in Korean moral education.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.57 no.4
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• pp.459-472
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to develop an Implicit Association Test to measure students' gender-biased attitude toward Home Economics, a required subject in middle-school and to examine the effects of gender, gender-biased attitude toward Home Economics, and gender egalitarianism on the perception of the subject. A total of 508 male and female middle-school students were surveyed using Qualtrics. The results revealed that the students had a gender-biased attitude of perceiving Home Economics as feminine as a whole, and this tendency was more evident among female than male students. To the contrary, their attitudes toward Home Economics as a subject was generally favorable when asked explicitly using self-administered questions. Among the high school elective classes, students preferred 'fashion' most, followed by 'dietary life', 'technology and home economics', and 'family life culture'. Female students, students with patriarchal attitude, and students who has gender-biased attitude toward Home Economics were more likely to perceive Home Economics as an alienated and less important subject. The generally positive explicit attitude toward Home Economics may be the results the social desirability effect due to the education. However, the home economists should develop a plan to overcome the gender-biased implicit attitude in order for the value of Home Economics as a subject to be fully addressed.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2006.06a
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• pp.635-636
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• 2006

A self-biased CMOS current reference is described which provides supply and temperature independent bias current. The supply independency is obtained by subtracting two bias currents which have the same supply dependency. Unlike the conventional self-bias CMOS current reference, excellent supply independency can be obtained even with the minimum channel length devices and thus smaller area implementation becomes possible. The supply independent bias current is then applied to a temperature compensating circuit and as a result supply and temperature independent bias current is obtained. The current reference has been implemented in a $0.25{\mu}m$ standard CMOS technology. The active silicon area is only $45{\mu}m{\times}45{\mu}m$. The simulated temperature coefficient is 64ppm/$^{\circ}C$ in temperature range between $0^{\circ}C$ and $120^{\circ}C$. Supply voltage can be as low as 1.3V and the supply dependency of the current reference is measured to be smaller than 4500ppm/V. While providing $10.25{\mu}A$ output current, the current reference consumes $160{\mu}W$.

• Journal of Korean Philosophical Society
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• v.141
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• pp.287-311
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• 2017

The major purpose of this article is to analyze Lee Jema's idea of 'cultivating the self,' and therefore reveal a difference between his idea and 'cultivating and nurturing (the mind)' shown in traditional medicine and Neo-Confucianism. For this purpose, I first analyzed 'cultivating and nurturing (the mind)' of traditional medicine and Neo-Confucianism and showed Lee Jema's originality by studying philosophical foundations of Sasang constitutional Medicine. The idea of 'cultivating and nurturing (the mind)' is transcendental in that it pursues the unity between humans and the principle of natural changes or the Heaven. However, Lee Jema developed his own medical theory by analyzing an ontological structure of human beings and nature and life, and reinterpreting four beginnings on the basis of experience. He reinterpreted humans as a being in the structure of time and space, and relationships with others. In addition, he reinterpreted nature and life and four beginnings as the capability of wisdom and action and the function of mind and body. Therefore, he tried to overcome a transcendental thinking to aim for the unity of humans with the Heaven. Also, he discovered that the most important reason for disease is biased emotions (moral/private) because biased emotions influenced the function of mind and body. The causal relationship is the basis of his medical theory. Therefore, his idea of cultivating the self is focused on being careful not to make emotions biased. This reveals that even though Sasang constitutional theory came from the traditional medical theory and Confucian morality, it developed on a different philosophical foundation. In this regard, I tried to differentiate Lee Jema's idea of cultivating the self from 'cultivating and nurturing (the mind)' which aims for the unity between humans and the principle of changes or the Heaven.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.10 no.7
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• pp.1526-1531
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• 2009

This paper describes the design of a 5th order Elliptic CMOS Gm-C low-voltage filter for the RFID reader IC. The designed filter is composed of CMOS differential transconductors by parallel gain circuits to improve the gain of the conventional self-biased differential amplifier. The filter is designed to operate in low-voltage 1.8V to meet the specification of the RFID reader filter. The results of HSPICE simulation using 1.8V-0.18${\mu}m$CMOS processing parameter showed that the designed 5th order Elliptic low-pass filter satisfied the cutoff frequency of 1.35MHz given by the design specification.

• IEIE Transactions on Smart Processing and Computing
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.251-257
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• 2015

This work presents modelling and simulation of a readout integrated circuit (ROIC) design considering pair-wise serial configuration along with thermal modeling of an uncooled microbolometer array. A fully differential approach is used at the input stage in order to reduce fixed pattern noise due to the process variation and self-heating-related issues. Each pair of microbolometers is pulse-biased such that they both fall under the same self-heating point along the self-heating trend line. A ${\pm}10%$ process variation is considered. The proposed design is simulated with a reference input image consisting of an array of $127{\times}92$ pixels. This configuration uses only one unity gain differential amplifier along with a single 14-bit analog-to-digital converter in order to minimize the dynamic range requirement of the ROIC.