• Title/Summary/Keyword: Self-Perceived Health

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A Study on the Learning Strategies and Academic Achievements of the Students in the Department of Health Science (보건계열 대학생의 학습전략과 학업 성취도 연구)

  • Kim, Tae-Hoon;Yoon, Tae-Hyung;Kim, Yoseob
    • The Journal of Korean society of community based occupational therapy
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    • v.1 no.1
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    • pp.49-57
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    • 2011
  • This study investigated the relationship between learning strategies and achievements of the students in the department of health science, and differences between higher academic achievers and lower academic achievers in the use of the learning strategies. The results were as follows. First, there was a correlation between academic achievements and self-efficacy and power of execution in the personality area. Second, there was a positive correlation between academic achievements and academic motivation, a negative correlation between academic achievements and avoidnat motivation, in the motivation area. Third. there was a correlation between academic achievements and all 8 factors in the behavior area. In the use of learning strategies, there was a difference found in self-efficacy and the power of execution between the higher academic achievers and the lower academic achievers. It also was found that the lower academic achievers perceived more depression, showed remarkably lower motivation and higher avoidance motivation, than the higher academic achievers. Lastly, the lower academic achievers was lagged behind noticeably compared to the higher academic achievers in the ability of using all factors of the behavior area.

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The Effects of Self-regulatory Resources and Construal Levels on the Choices of Zero-cost Products (자아조절자원 및 해석수준이 공짜대안 선택에 미치는 영향)

  • Lee, Jinyong;Im, Seoung Ah
    • Asia Marketing Journal
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    • v.13 no.4
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    • pp.55-76
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    • 2012
  • Most people prefer to choose zero-cost products they may get without paying any money. The 'zero-cost effect' can be explained with a 'zero-cost model' where consumers attach special values to zero-cost products in a different way from general economic models (Shampanier, Mazar and Ariely 2007). If 2 different products at the regular prices of ₩200 and ₩400 simultaneously offer ₩200 discounts, the prices will be changed to ₩0 and ₩200, respectively. In spite of the same price gap of the two products after the ₩200 discounts, people are much more likely to select the free alternative than the same product at the price of ₩200. Although prior studies have focused on the 'zero-cost effect' in isolation of other factors, this study investigates the moderating effects of a self-regulatory resource and a construal level on the selection of free products. Self-regulatory resources induce people to control or regulate their behavior. However, since self-regulatory resources are limited, they are to be easily depleted when exerted (Muraven, Tice, and Baumeister 1998). Without the resources, consumers tend to become less sensitive to price changes and to spend money more extravagantly (Vohs and Faber 2007). Under this condition, they are also likely to invest less effort on their information processing and to make more intuitive decisions (Pocheptsova, Amir, Dhar, and Baumeister 2009). Therefore, context effects such as price changes and zero cost effects are less likely in the circumstances of resource depletion. In addition, construal levels have profound effects on the ways of information processing (Trope and Liberman 2003, 2010). In a high construal level, people tend to attune their minds to core features and desirability aspects, whereas, in a low construal level, they are more likely to process information based on secondary features and feasibility aspects (Khan, Zhu, and Kalra 2010). A perceived value of a product is more related to desirability whereas a zero cost or a price level is more associated with feasibility. Thus, context effects or reliance on feasibility (for instance, the zero cost effect) will be diminished in a high level construal while those effects may remain in a low level construal. When people make decisions, these 2 factors can influence the magnitude of the 'zero-cost effect'. This study ran two experiments to investigate the effects of self-regulatory resources and construal levels on the selection of a free product. Kisses and Ferrero-Rocher, which were adopted in the prior study (Shampanier et al. 2007) were also used as alternatives in Experiments 1 and 2. We designed Experiment 1 in order to test whether self-regulatory resource depletion will moderate the zero-cost effect. The level of self-regulatory resources was manipulated with two different tasks, a Sudoku task in the depletion condition and a task of drawing diagrams in the non-depletion condition. Upon completion of the manipulation task, subjects were randomly assigned to one of a decision set with a zero-cost option (i.e., Kisses ₩0, and Ferrero-Rocher ₩200) or a set without a zero-cost option (i.e., Kisses ₩200, and Ferrero-Rocher ₩400). A pair of alternatives in the two decision sets have the same price gap of ₩200 between a low-priced Kisses and a high-priced Ferrero-Rocher. Subjects in the no-depletion condition selected Kisses more often (71.88%) over Ferrero-Rocher when Kisses was free than when it was priced at ₩200 (34.88%). However, the zero-cost effect disappeared when people do not have self-regulatory resources. Experiment 2 was conducted to investigate whether constual levels influence the magnitude of the 'zero-cost effect'. To manipulate construal levels, 4 different 'why (in the high construal level condition)' or 'how (in the low construal level condition)' questions about health management were asked. They were presented with 4 boxes connected with downward arrows. In a box at the top, there was one question, 'Why do I maintain good physical health?' or 'How do I maintain good physical health?' Subjects inserted a response to the question of why or how they would maintain good physical health. Similar tasks were repeated for the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th responses. After the manipulation task, subjects were randomly assigned either to a decision set with a zero-cost option, or to a set without it, as in Experiment 1. When a low construal level is primed with 'how', subjects chose free Kisses (60.66%) more often over Ferrero-Rocher than they chose ₩200 Kisses (42.19%) over ₩400 FerreroRocher. On contrast, the zero-cost effect could not be observed any longer when a high construal level is primed with 'why'.

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A Study on Mental Health of Single Aged Persons in Home Perceived by Daughter-in-law (재가 독신노인을 부양하는 주부가 인지하는 노인의 정신건강에 관한 연구)

  • Yun Suk-Rye
    • Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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    • v.7 no.1
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    • pp.31-48
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    • 1993
  • Nowaday, there have a lot of changes in the demands of the aged persons. Their problems also came to the fore with diverse forms under the influences of industrialization, urbanization and nuclear family. To make the matter worse, the aged population is mounting rapidly. Also, such structure as nuclear family is widely disseminating uncomfortable to the aged. People is mainly being guided by self interest above everything else. Indeed, they had, all together, bad effects on our traditional value system regarding 'respect for the aged and devotion to patients'. It seems unfortunately obvious that the family responsibility is gradually weakening to support the old who is a dependent family. The result is that the aged must have suffered all sorts of hardships in lightenning psychological, physical and economical difficulties. First, to grasp the situations and conditions supporting for single aged persons from each view of psychological, emotional, family-relational, healthy, social and economical standpoints, and second, to analyze their own recognition levels thinking of their health conditions and the relationships between the supporting environments of old family dependants and their psychological healths and then finally, to propose suggestions being able to be helpful for living comfortably in an old age and thereby, building up good family relation. The statistical techniques used to analyze 115 respondents living in Puchun city are frequency, $x^2$ test, t-Jest, ANOVA, Pearson's Correlation Coefficiency and Regression analysis (SPSS package), pertnent to prove the hypothesis suggested in this paper. Of course, it is needless to say that more data are needed on this point. However, several main research findings can be summarized as follows: First, the better single aged persons may be in the habit of eating a meal and the higher they may think of their physical health conditions and movement, the more they want to participate in economic activities to be free from economical dependence upon their children and to overcome lonliness. Second, single aged women appear to have had higher ability to take care their health for themself than single aged men do. It is why signle aged women do not, in general, have big problems to manage their health. But, as shown in this paper, single aged person"s were more liable to the diseases of the aged and, thereby, requiring special medical treatment badly to be healthy. Third. single aged persons revealed potential desires to free themself from socio economic dependence upon their children even in simple labor Job which can draw a monthly salary of about W200, 000. Fourth, they are generally satisfied with their children's filial piety toward them. Nonethless, most of them appear to be reluctantly dependent upon their children and live lonly lives very much. Fifth, they seem to have some hesitation in expressing their candid opinions as that then are some others along with family environmental factors for psychological and emotiona stability. Accordingly, it is safe to conclude by saying that much attention should' be paid no only to socio-economic supports and better medical services for the aged but also to political supports of the society and towards their children for the aged's emotiona support, for improving the quality of their lives in old age and promoting efficiency in suporting for old family dependants.

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Convergent Factors Related to Depression of Wage Workers in Korea: Focusing on Gender Differences (한국 임금근로자의 우울과 관련된 융복합적 요인: 성별 차이를 중심으로)

  • Kwon, Young-Sook
    • Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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    • v.38 no.4
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    • pp.1029-1044
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    • 2021
  • This research was conducted to investigate the prevalence of depression and convergent factors related to depression in male and female wage workers. Using data from the 2014 and 2016 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 3,763 adults (1,888 males, 1,875 females) between the ages of 19 and under 65 were analyzed. Depression was measured by the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), and the depression (PHQ-9≥10) of all workers was 4.1% (3.2% for men, 5.0% for women). Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the depressive factors of male and female wage workers. In male workers, work-related characteristics such as employment type and working hours per week were found to be significantly related to depression even after adjusting for socio-demographic characteristics, health-related characteristics, and life style characteristics. However, in female workers, work-related characteristics did not expose a significant relationship, showing a difference from male workers. Therefore it is necessary to develop and implement workplace counselling or mental health promotion programs that take into account the gender characteristics of depression risk factors. Also, as health-related characteristics (diagnosis of depression, suicide plan, perceived stress level, unmet medical services, self-rated health status) were found to be related to depression for both male and female workers, continuous management of these factors is required.

The Perceived Symptom and Preventive Behavior Related to Asian Dust Event: in South Korean and Chinese (한국인과 중국인의 황사로 인한 자각증상 및 예방행동)

  • Chang, Moon-Hee;Ha, Eun-Hee;Suh, Young-Ju;Lee, Bo-Eun;Kwon, Ho-Jang;Hwang, Seong-Sik;Li, Zhong-Min;Seo, Ju-Hee;Kim, Byung-Mi
    • Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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    • v.25 no.1
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    • pp.26-37
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    • 2009
  • Recently rapid environmental changes due to desertification and industrialization in China make a threat to Korea, especially during Asian Dust Event (ADE). This study was aimed to compare symptoms and behaviors related to ADE between Korea and China. We conducted questionnaires on self-reported symptoms and behaviors before and during ADE. Korean and Chinese subjects were grouped into children, adults, and elderly by nation (n=791). Statistical analyses were performed by $X^2$-test, Fisher's exact test, t-test and chow's test for comparing differences between Korean and Chinese. We estimated the odds ratio for perceived symptoms during ADE by preventive behavior, using Generalized Estimation Equation (GEE). The study indicated that there were significant differences between symptoms in Korea and those in China such as cold, cough, and sore throat, especially in elderly. Preventive behaviors such as avoiding outdoor activity and wearing sunglasses were more often performed in China than Korea. However wearing mask was more often performed in Korea than China. After adjusting for age, sex, educational level, and smoking status, the odds ratio (OR) of dry cough symptom in Korea was significantly decreased by closing the windows and wearing a mask during ADE. In China, the OR of dry cough symptom was decreased by wearing a mask and avoiding outdoor activity. We found that China which had higher performance of preventive behavior showed lower prevalence of symptoms during ADE than Korea. Also preventive behaviors could affects prevalence of symptoms during ADE. This results suggest that preventive behavior. could reduce symptoms during ADE and there are needed for. more attentions to reduce a threat of ADE.

A Study of Factors Affecting Use Intention of Untact Medical Diagnosis and Consultation Services (비대면 진료의 이용의도에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구)

  • Jin, Seok
    • The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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    • v.20 no.12
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    • pp.180-197
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    • 2020
  • The purpose of this study is to explain intention to use untact medical diagnosis and consultation services. There is a need for untact medical diagnosis and consultation services in order to increase social interests and a global trend for public protection and convenience enhancement. We carry out the analysis of the survey data using Smart PLS 3.0 to test the hypotheses. According to the empirical analysis results, this study confirms that health consciousness have significant effects on the cost saving, quality of telemedicine service and self-efficacy have significant effects on the accessibility, compatibility. cost saving, quality of telemedicine service, accessibility and compatibility have significant effects on Perceived usefulness. Perceived usefulness have significant effects on use Intention of untact medical diagnosis and consultation services. This study has its meaning because it found out that it deals structurally and expansively with use intention through Expected Benefit and usefulness based on individual characteristics for untact medical diagnosis and consultation services. In addition, The results of this study suggest that if the related policies are institutionalized based on the Expected Benefits covered in this study, the perception of untact medical diagnosis and consultation services can be changed progressively.

A Study on Risk Communication and Risk Perception in Environmental Problems (환경문제의 위해도 인식과 위해도 홍보 프로그램의 효과분석 -라돈과 다이옥신을 중심으로-)

  • 김진용;신동천;박성은;임영욱;황만식
    • Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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    • v.17 no.4
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    • pp.315-324
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    • 2002
  • Risk communication can be defined as the exchange of information about the nature, magnitude, significance, acceptability, and management of risk. The effect of risk communication on the perception and knowledge towards risk of environmental pollutants and it's related factors were investigated in this study. To investigate perception and knowledge of students and teachers towards risk of environmental pollutants, we conducted the survey using self-administrated questionnaire. The subjects were 574 for the first survey and 465 for the seconds survey from May to June, 2000. The main methods of transmission used in this study- through video tape, visual materials, question and answer, and participation in measuring pollutants - were not a one - way street. But an interactive process where information and opinions were exchanged among individuals, groups, and institutions. Environmental pollutants measured with participation of study subjects was Radon in the class room. The concentration of Radon was measured using E -PERM Device by installing it at each site for about 5 days. Subjects showed much interest in environmental pollution. Also, more than 98% of total subjects were perceived as Korea is seriously contaminated at present. By risk communication activity, risk perception of all subjects about Radon was increased, on the other hand, risk perception of Dioxin was decreased except for elementary student. Moreover, knowledge of all subjects about environmental risk was significantly increased (p =0.0001) and effort of reducing environmental pollution was more increased (p<0.05). There is need to further develop, refine, and integrate these approaches environmental risk communication study, there is an even more pressing need to accelerate the diffusion of environmental risk communication practice into government and organizations.

Predictors of Postpartum Fatigue Between Early and Late Postpartum Period in Parturient Women - Divided by 3/4 Weeks of Postpartum Period - (산모의 산욕전기와 산욕후기 피로 예측요인 - 삼칠일을 기준으로 -)

  • Song, Ju-Eun
    • Women's Health Nursing
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    • v.13 no.4
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    • pp.299-309
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    • 2007
  • Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the predictors between the early and late postpartum period in parturient women. Methods: The Subjects were 399 healthy postpartum women who visited the obstetric clinic at 5 hospitals for a routine check up after childbirth. They were divided into two groups: one was in the early postpartum period, the first three weeks after childbirth (n=107), the other was in the late postpartum period, four to six weeks after childbirth (n=292). The data were collected by using a self-report questionnaire from July to September, 2006. The data were analyzed with the SPSS 12.0 Win program. Results: There were significant statistical differences in age and parity between the two groups. Postpartum fatigue was significantly predicted by postpartum depression and age in the early period, and postpartum depression, sleep satisfaction, and childcare stress in the late period. The mean scores of childcare stress and perceived infant difficulty in the late period were significantly higher than those of the early postpartum period. Conclusion: Postpartum depression was the most important predictor of postpartum fatigue regardless of the postpartum period. In addition, especially in the late period, sleep satisfaction and childcare stress were significant predictors of postpartum fatigue. Based on these results, primary nursing interventions for reducing postpartum fatigue should focus on postpartum depression management, and nursing interventions for increasing sleep satisfaction and decreasing childcare stress would be helpful for management of postpartum fatigue in parturient women in the late period.

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Characteristics of Social Support at Work Affecting Work Stress (근로자의 스트레스에 영향을 미치는 사회적 지지도 특성에 관한 연구)

  • 박경옥
    • Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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    • v.20 no.3
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    • pp.91-108
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    • 2003
  • Psychological stress is a growing issue in work stress research because work stressors are closely related to depression; and depression, in turn, decreases organizational effectiveness. Considering such causal relationships of work stress, a comprehensive source to control work stress is needed for worksite mental well-being. This study was conducted to identify how social support at work controlled work stress and which characteristics of social support were effective on work stress reduction. The study participants were 240 workers employed in a public hospital in Georgia, U.S.A self-administered survey was given to employees with their pay slips, and followed by a hospital wide voice reminder for 7 days. Surveys were conducted over a 20-day period. The questionnaires asked about job demands, job control, social support at work, depression, job performance, absenteeism, and demographics. The social support construct was structured on the source of support at work and the kinds of support were provided. Statistical analyses were conducted in the structural equation modeling approach. Social support at work was directly related to high job control, low depression, and high job performance. High score of social support at work were significantly associated with high job control, low depressive symptoms, and high job performance. By source of support, only organizational support was positively related to high job control. Organizational support was more effective than supervisor and coworker support. Any stressors and their outcomes were not differenciated by the kinds of support. This result indicated that job control was influenced more by the source of support than the kinds of support provided at work; and the most efficient source of support was the organization. Organizational support was a strong factor in improving workers" perceived controllability of their jobs from a work stress reduction perspective.tive.

Model Construction of Perceived Uncertainty in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients (류마티스 관절염 환자가 지각하는 불확실성에 관한 모형 구축)

  • Yoo, Kyung-Hee;Lee, Eun-Ok
    • Journal of muscle and joint health
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    • v.5 no.1
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    • pp.7-25
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    • 1998
  • Rheumatoid arthritis, unlike other chronic diseases, causes the patients to experience uncertainty in their daily lives and thus to feel threat on their emotional comfort because of inconsistent and unpredictable symptoms such as pain. Therefore, a theoretical framework is needed for explanation of uncertainty in patients having rheumatoid arthritis. A hypothetical model was constructed on the basis of Mishel's Uncertainty Theory and other literature review. The model included 9 theoretical concepts and 19 paths. Subjects of the study constituted 330 partients who visited outpatient clinics of two university hospitals and one general hospital in Seoul. Self report questionnaires were used to measure the variables affecting uncertainty. Reliability coefficients of these instruments were found Cronbach's Alpha=$.70{\sim}.94$. In data analysis, SAS program and PC-LISREL 8.03 computer program were utilized for descriptive statistics and covariance structure analysis. The results of covariance structure analysis for model fitness were as follows : 1) Hypothetical model showed a good fit to the empirical data : Chi-square($X^2$)=41.81 (df=11, P=.000), Goodness of Fit Index=.974, Root Mean Square Residual=.049, Normed Fit Index=.928, Non Normed Fit Index=.814. 2) For the validity and the parcimony of model, a modified model was constructed by appending 2 paths and deleting 5 paths according to the criteria of statistical significance and meaningfulness. 3) The results of hypothesis testing were as follows : (1) Educational level, event familiarity and severity of illness had a direct effect on uncertainty : Event congruency had both direct and indirect effect on uncertainty : Credible authority and symptom consistency had a nonsignificant direct effect on uncertainty, (2) Illness duration, symptom consistency, and event congruency had a direct effect on severity of illness ; Credible authority had a both direct and indirect effect on severity of illness ; Event congruency had the greatest effect on severity of illness, and event familiarity had a nonsignificant direct effect on severity of illness.

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