• 국제물리치료학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.1018-1024
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of cervical alignment, pain, and physique to apply proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation(PNF) techniques in patients with forward head posture (FHP). The subjects of this study were 24 patients diagnosed with FHP. They were randomly divided into two groups: a PNF group(n=12) and a control group(n=12). The intervention was performed a total of 24 times, 30 min a day, six times a week for four weeks. Data on cervical alignment(forward head displacement, FHD), pain(visual analog scale, VAS), and physique(height, weight, and body mass index) were obtained pre- and post-intervention. Two-way repeated measures ANOVA was used to compare the groups and time. For FHD, the VAS, and physique(height and BMI), there was an interaction effect for the groups and time(p<.001, BMI: p<.05) and main effects for time(p<.001, BMI: p<.05). For weight, there were main effects of time(p<.01). For FHD(p<.01) and the VAS(p<.05), there were main effects for the groups. In the PNF group, there were significant improvements in FHD, VAS, and physique. In the control group, there was a significant increase in FHD. The results of this study indicated that PNF intervention using scapular and upper extremity patterns effective in FHP positively. The use of a therapeutic intervention on physique changes may also be effective in improving poor posture and help to better patients' quality of life.

• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.43-51
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• 2006

80-nm self-aligned n-and p-channel I-MOS devices were demonstrated by using a novel fabrication method featuring double sidewall spacer, elevated drain structure and RTA process. The fabricated devices showed a normal transistor operation with extremely small subthreshold swing less than 12.2 mV/dec at room temperature. The n- and p-channel I-MOS devices had an ON/OFF current of 394.1/0.3 ${\mu}A$ and 355.4/8.9 ${\mu}A$ per ${\mu}m$, respectively. We also investigated some critical issues in device design such as the junction depth of the source extension region and the substrate doping concentration.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and information Science
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.106-110
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• 1997

A new SOI NMOSFET with a 'LOCOS-like' shape self-aligned polysilicon gate formed on the recessed channel region has been fabricated by a mix-and-match technology. For the first time, a new scheme for implementing self-alignment in both source/drain and gate structure in recessed channel device fabrication was tried. Symmetric source/drain doping profile was obtained and highly symmetric electrical characteristics were observed. Drain current measured from 0.3${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ SOI devices with V\ulcorner of 0.77V and Tox=7.6nm is 360$mutextrm{A}$/${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ at V\ulcorner\ulcorner=3.5V and V\ulcorner=2.5V. Improved breakdown characteristics were obtained and the BV\ulcorner\ulcorner\ulcorner(the drain voltage for 1 nA/${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ of I\ulcorner at V=\ulcorner\ulcorner=0V) of the device with L\ulcorner\ulcorner=0.3${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ under the floating body condition was as high as 3.7 V. Problems for the new scheme are also addressed and more advanced device structure based on the proposed scheme is proposed to solve the problems.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.2115-2127
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• 2021

Although significant progress has been made in synthesizing visually realistic face images by Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs), there still lacks effective approaches to provide fine-grained control over the generation process for semantic facial attribute editing. In this work, we propose a novel cross channel self-attention based generative adversarial network (CCA-GAN), which weights the importance of multiple channels of features and archives pixel-level feature alignment and conversion, to reduce the impact on irrelevant attributes while editing the target attributes. Evaluation results show that CCA-GAN outperforms state-of-the-art models on the CelebA dataset, reducing Fréchet Inception Distance (FID) and Kernel Inception Distance (KID) by 15~28% and 25~100%, respectively. Furthermore, visualization of generated samples confirms the effect of disentanglement of the proposed model.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 1996년도 추계학술대회 논문집 학회본부
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• pp.413-415
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• 1996

This paper presents a technique for fabricating an electro-optical microlens for microcolumn e-beam system. The device, named Self-Aligned Microlens (SAM) was realized by mixing surface and bulk micromachining technology. The microbridges were formed on both sides of silicon wafer symmetrically. The alignment error between the electrodes could be controlled within a few micrometers with also reducing the numbers of anodic bonding.

• 한국광학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국광학회 1997년도 Advance Program of 14th optics andquantum Electronics conference, 1997제14 회 광학 및 양자전자 학술 발표회 논문 요약집
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• pp.111-113
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• 1997

The purpose of this paper is to propose a production flow for 155Mbps transmitter/receiver optical modules. Compact optical module packages for use as 155Mbps optical interfaces are developed by implementing a self-alignment principle for the formation of V-grooves and solder bumps. on the bases of experimental results of two hundreds of receiver/transmitter optical modules, each steps and flows of our production are developed by production efficiencies.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제37권1호통권120호
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• pp.56-64
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• 2007

본 연구의 목적은 성장기의 청소년들에 있어 가장 흔한 부정교합의 하나인 전치부의 치아배열과 돌출, 그리고 교정치료 여부가 자존감(self-esteem)에 미치는 영향을 알아보는 것이다. 연구를 위하여 서울시 강남구와 서초구에 위치한 중학교 다섯개 교의 여학생 2944명을 대상으로 구강검진을 실시하여 상악전치부의 치아배열과 입술의 돌출도를 평가하고 치아배열이 고르지 못한 밀생군, 입술이 돌출된 돌출군, 치아배열과 측모가 이상적인 정상군을 분류하고, 교정치료를 받은 경험이 있는지를 조사하였다. Rosenberg의 자존감 평가방법을 이용하여 자존감을 평가한 후 각 군간의 자존감 수준에 차이가 있는지 비교하였다. 조사결과, 입술의 돌출을 가진 청소년들은 자존감에 별다른 차이가 없었던 반면 상악 전치부의 밀생을 가진 청소년들의 자존감은 유의하게 낮은 값을 나타내었다. 고정식 교정장치 치료나 가철식 교정장치 치료를 받는 청소년들은 치료받지 않은 학생들과 자존감의 차이가 없었으나 고정식 교정치료가 끝난 청소년들은 유의하게 자존감이 높았다. 본 연구결과는 전치부 치아배열과 교정치료가 청소년기 여학생의 자존감 수준에 영향을 미칠 수 있음을 보여준다.

• Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.135-145
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• 2006

This paper presents the theory, design, fabrication and characterization of the novel low actuation voltage capacitive shunt RF-MEMS switch using a corrugated membrane with HRS MEMS packaging. Analytical analyses and experimental results have been carried out to derive algebraic expressions for the mechanical actuation mechanics of corrugated membrane for a low residual stress. It is shown that the residual stress of both types of corrugated and flat membranes can be modeled with the help of a mechanics theory. The residual stress in corrugated membranes is calculated using a geometrical model and is confirmed by finite element method(FEM) analysis and experimental results. The corrugated electrostatic actuated bridge is suspended over a concave structure of CPW, with sputtered nickel(Ni) as the structural material for the bridge and gold for CPW line, fabricated on high-resistivity silicon(HRS) substrate. The corrugated switch on concave structure requires lower actuation voltage than the flat switch on planar structure in various thickness bridges. The residual stress is very low by corrugating both ends of the bridge on concave structure. The residual stress of the bridge material and structure is critical to lower the actuation voltage. The Self-alignment HRS MEMS package of the RF-MEMS switch with a $15{\Omega}{\cdot}cm$ lightly-doped Si chip carrier also shows no parasitic leakage resonances and is verified as an effective packaging solution for the low cost and high performance coplanar MMICs.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.112-117
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• 2007

Objective : Kyphoplasty and vertebroplasty are two minimally invasive procedures for osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures. The purpose of this retrospective study was to compare the radiological findings and clinical outcomes between two procedures. Methods : Osteoporotic vertebral fractures were treated in 76 vertebrae, using kyphoplasty (n=35 vertebrae) and using vertebroplasty (n=41 vertebrae). Fractured vertebral bodies were diagnosed by correlating the clinical symptoms with radiologic study. The responses of pain symptoms were measured by a self-reported Visual Analog Scale (VAS) score. Plain X-rays were checked preoperatively and postoperatively at admission and 6 months. The vertebral body height and kyphotic angle were measured to assess the reduction of the sagittal alignment. Results : The mean pain scores were decreased significantly for both procedures postoperatively, but there were no significant differences between two groups. Kyphoplasty led to a significant reduction of the vertebral body height and improvement of kyphotic angle. There were no neurological deficits after kyphoplasty, but one patient experienced paraparesis after vertebroplasty. During the 6 months follow-up both procedures provided stabilization of the sagittal alignment. Conclusion : Kyphoplasty and vertebroplasty are considered effective minimally invasive techniques for the stabilization of osteoporotic vertebral body fractures, leading to a statistically significant reduction in pain. Kyphoplasty significantly restore sagittal alignment. Also, complications and the incidence of bone cement leakage are significantly lesser than vertebroplasty. Therefore, kyphoplasty seems to be reasonable procedure for osteoporotic vertebral body compression fractures when medical treatment fail.

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.265-271
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• 2015

We propose a reactive mesogen (RM) lens array to obtain good focusing behavior along with a short focal plane, where the focusing behavior is switchable according to the polarization state of incident light. Polarization-dependent focusing behavior is obtained using a planoconvex RM microlens array on a planoconcave isotropic lens template. Even though the sagitta of our RM lens is high, to obtain the short focal length, the RM layer can be aligned well by introducing a top-down alignment effect, using a nanogrooved template. The optical noise due to the $moir{\acute{e}}$ effect generated by the nanogrooves on the surface of the planoconvex RM layer can be removed simply by overcoating a thin RM layer, which is self-aligned by the geometric surface effect, without an additional alignment process. We demonstrate a hexagonal-packed RM lens array that has a very high fill factor and symmetric phase profile, for an ideal lens.