• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.163-168
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• 2019

In order to enhance the 8 principle pattern diagnosis rate comparing with diagnostic method by self-report questionnaire on cold/heat pattern in the clinical practice, a new diagnostic method using form-color-pulse-symptom (FCPS) system is proposed. FCPS system is composed of outputs of cold/heat pattern through the calculation process of contribution degree to the cold, heat pattern and qi, blood, yin, yang deficiency patterns, based on analysis of 16 mechanisms of disease calculated by diagnostic system of oriental medicine (DSOM) first. And second component is an output of differentiated 8 principle patterns in detail through binding and calculating process with digital informations of pulse, color, form, constitution obtained by computerized measurement system. Putting together above two processes consecutively, cold-heat complex or true/false cold/heat patterns and personalized characters of cold/heat patterns of each patient can be subdivided through a computation method of determining each pattern. In conclusion, 8 principle pattern identification can be performed more accurately using FCPS system than existent self report questionnaire method. These hypothetic proposal is needed to be proven by clinical trial for the future and then the accurate numbers used in each calculational function should be revised properly.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.67-81
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to analyze women's health problems using Green & Kreuter's(1991) PRECEDE model and to develop health education program for women's health. The subjects were recruited women from Wonju city 18 years or older. 1. The results showed that about 50% of the women were satisfied with their lives as women, 23% of the sample felt there was a need for a women's health care center. The mean number of health problems was 3.1 and the prevalence rate, 44.4%. 2. We developed on educational program according to group differences related to health problems, diagnosis of disease, variables influencing health promotion behavior, and programs which each group wanted. Also we stressed self-efficacy and self-help group for the management of individual health to all groups. 3. The diagnoses of diseases that were experienced premarital over the past year were gastritis, bronchitis, spinal disk, and fracture, for the childbearing/rearing group, gastritis, vaginitis and cervicitis, cervical cancer and cystitis and nephritis and arthritis and for the middle-aged/elderly group arthritis, gastritis, vaginitis and cervicitis, and spinal disk. Of the sample 30.5% did not have a health exam in the past year, and only 10% of the premarital group, 12.5% of the childbearing/child-rearing group, and 18.3% of the middle aged-elderly group were concerned about their health and did something for their health. 4. The average score on the HPLP was 2.41. the HPLP was scores according to group were found to have significant differences. self-efficacy, family functions, health attention and were considered important variables in the premarital group, in the childbearing/child-rearing group self-efficacy, family functions, internal locus of control, health attention, and health perception and power others locus of control and then for the middle aged-elderly group self-efficacy, health attention, internal locus of control, family functions and health perception. 5. There are a few educational programs in the city provided by the Wonju Health Center and by community health nurse practitioners. The premarital group requested the educational programs on diet, health exercise, family health and stress management. Also the childbearing/child-rearing group wanted programs on diet, family health, stress management, and health exercise, and the middle-aged/elderly group wanted that of family health, diet, climacteric changes stress management and health exercise. The program suggested that this program should be applied to women in the community to insure adequate management of women's health. Follow-up research with PROCEED is needed to analyze health outcomes, also, a women's health nursing specialist system is required to develop health promotion, and improve the quality of life for women.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.418-428
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• 2015

This study conducted influencing and mediated effect on stroke to lead correct health behavior of stroke patients and tried to provide preliminary data of stroke prevention. It used stage 4 and 5 data of a national health and nutrition examination survey, analysis method was frequency analysis, Chi-square test, multiple logistic regression and structural equation modeling. In case of male, factors affecting to stroke were age, job, self-related health, alcohol, hypertention and diabetes. In case of female, age, job, self-related health, stress level and hypertention affected to stroke. In tested results on whether or not mediated effect of preceding disease exists, 5.80 difference in ${\chi}^2$ between partial mediated modeling and full mediated modeling was statistically significant(p<0.01). Therefore, partial mediated modeling was adequate to this study. We need preventive health education for changing wrong health behaviors and policy that strengthens health care network. If someone has preceding disease, they need long-term diagnosis for health condition and continuous improvement in life style.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.1011-1018
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• 1997

Background : To evaluate how efficaciously and safely we can make transthoracic lung biopsy with an 18-gauge automated biopsy device. Methods : We performed 130 transthoracic needle biopsies including 16 repeat biopsies in 114 patients with a pulmonary mass using an l8-gauge biopsy device (ASAP 18, Microvasive-. Eighty-three biopsies were performed by an experienced radiologist and 47 by several less experienced radiologists. All biopsies were guided by biplane fluoroscopy. Results : We successfully obtained sufficient tissue(>2-mm in the length) in 128(985) of 130 biopsies. Biopsy provided the specific diagnosis in 97 (85%) of 114 patients including 78 (88%) of 89 patients with a malignant tumor and 19 (90%) of 21 patients with a benign condition. The diagnosis could not be made in the remaining four patients. Of interest to note was the superb capability (74/74) of biopsy to make a distinction between small cell carcinoma and non-small cell carcinoma. There was no significant difference in the diagnostic yields between the experienced and less experienced radiologists. Of the total 130 biopsies, pneumothorax appeared in 13 (10%), among which treatment was required in 2 (2%), Mild, self-limiting hemoptysis was nod in seven (5%), but in no case was the treatment required. Conclusion : We conclude transthoracic lung biopsy with an 18-gauge automated device is an effective procedure for the specific diagnosis of benign and malignant lung disease. It is safe with the complication rate comparable to that of fine-needle aspiration biopsy as well.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.79-102
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• 2003

It has been believed that the human body can be effected by color, sound, smell, and taste - each of them is based on the original character. Out of these elements, the color can be a mediation that absorbs energy into human body and adapts it to the creatures whose life are definitely based on the solar energy. This thesis makes a study of the possibility of applying the color to the oriental medical science by researching the color psychology and therapy which are studied in the west medical science, the recognition and application of color developed from orientalism, and the opinion of color in the oriental medical science. Color therapy is one of the psychological treatment techniques that are able to recover and maintain the health with the rays of the sun rays and the color. The light and the color have its energy that may relax, harmonize, encourage, or excite a human being. This is because the wavelength and the vibration of each color will take effects to human body. The core energy of absorbing and distributing the color vibration is made in the 7 "chakras" in the body, which are the pith and marrow of bio-energy directly connected with the center of the nervous system. There are several methods in the color therapy - the treatment of solar ray, the color-bath, the water-therapy using color energy, the inducement of the solar energy into the body, the acupuncture, the therapy of crystal and jewel, and the self-suggestion dependent upon the color. The color therapy can help us to keep our balance by changing the emotion into the positive energy that will cure the disease with color. As a result, this method not only must be useful to cure physical disease, or develop into good health but also will be used in conforming itself to the mental disease. The color therapy mainly uses the eight colors, which are made by mixing Red, Yellow and Blue basic colors in the field. They are never used in the treatment, but they will go along with complementary colors. This rule is closely connected with the theory of yin and yang which lies at the root of oriental philosophy, and with the treatment principle of oriental medical science whose field is focused on the balancing the body mentally as well as physically. In the East, it is the Obangsaek - the color of blue, red, yellow, white, and black in the theory of yin and yang and the five elements that have been used in helping people having trouble with their health for a long time. In the view of the oriental medical science, these five colors attached the theory of five-elements have been very useful to the physiology, the pathology, or the diagnosis, and been applied to the medical treatment, combining themselves with a five-taste in medicinal herbs. Since the study of color and human physiology has been made in some different interest and fields these days, it goes to prove that the different function of color we couldn't have got before becomes very useful to the medical science. The color must be worth researching the diversity for applying itself to the oriental medical science.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.1732-1741
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• 2006

Obesity is chronic disease which influenced on health severly. The causes of obesity have been known as life change, lack of excercise, genetic factor, mental and social economic factors. Especially the obesity of women increased the risk of the diseases such as DM, osteoarthritis, cardiovascular disease, breast cancer and infertility. The limitations of the widely used negative definition of health as the absence of disease and WHO's 1946 definition of health as total social, psychological and physical well-being have long been recognized (WHO 1958). The Quality of Life (QoL) includes functional ability, the degree and quality of social and community interaction, psychological well-being as somatic sensation and life satisfaction. I investigated to compare the differences between obese women (n=63), non-obese women (n=37) in clinic and general women (n=43, control) on baseline characteristics and WHO QoL-BREF. The purpose of this study is to assist the diagnosis and treatment of obesity. WHO QoL-BREF is self administered type which consisted of 26 questions. The prospective question is calculated with 5 scores by Likert's method. The results are as follows : The means of physical, psychological, social, overall and total scores of QoL were significant among BMI group (P<0.05). The score of control group (BMI < 25) was higher than other groups significantly (P<0.05). In multiple regression analysis, the variable of high school/below middle school was significant in environmental and overall domain of QoL scores (P<0.05). The variable of college/below middle school was significant in environmental, overall domain and total score of QoL scores (P<0.05). The variable of above university/below middle school was significant in physical health, environmental, overall domain and total score in QoL scores (P<0.05). The variable of Health perception (moderate/bad) was positively significant in physical health, environmental, overall domain and total score of QoL scores (P<0.05). The variable of Health perception (good/bed) was positively significant in physical health, environmental, social, overall domain and total score of QoL scores (P<0.05). The variable as BMI non-=obese women/control was negatively significant in social domain of QoL scores (P<0.05). Above the results, It suggests that the variable as BMI did't affect on the QoL in patients and control, but the variables as education and health perception affected on the QoL scores. Further study is required to conduct QoL differences between before and after treatment of obese patients.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.182-198
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• 2010

Background : The varieties of manifestations referred to oral, glottal, labial and dental diseases has been long complicated physicians in the efficient diagnosis and treatment of these diseases. Acupuncture has been widely used in Korea throughout the history and provides an efficient method in the treatment of them Objectives : Establish a distinctive and efficient acupuncture method for the treatment of oral, glottal, labial and dental diseases based in literature research Method : We reviewed four Korean medical literature, "Guide to Swollen Sore Treatment", "Treasured Mirror of Eastern Medicine", "Experiential Prescriptions of Acupuncture and Moxibustion", and "Essential Rhymes on Acupuncture and Moxibustion by Master Sa-am", and analyzed the therapeutic characteristics in the treatment of oral, glottal, labial and dental diseases Result : 1. According to "Guide to Swollen Sore Treatment", we could noted frequent application of blood letting methods in the affected area, then rinse ones mouth with salty water and further application of taro plaster. Also found acupuncture methods utilizing heated mole cricket or silkworm in the sublingual region. Regarding herbal method, Realgar was rubbed in the affected area. Mainly used acupuncture points in the treatment of oral, glottal, labial and dental diseases were GV20, GB20, LU5, and auricular anterior hairline 2. In "Treasured Mirror of Eastern Medicine", blood letting method in the sublingual region and burning needle searing method were the most frequently applied in the treatment of oral, glottal, labial and dental diseases. Moxibustion was also applied in the treatment of labial and dental diseases. Particularly, said to apply 3 moxa cones in ear zones of both sides, when no medicine is effective. This demonstrates how emphasized the importance of moxibustion in this kind of disease. Mainly used acupuncture points were GV16, CV24, LI4, EX-HN12, and EX-HN13 3. In "Experiential Prescriptions of Acupuncture and Moxibustion", no other methods beside wrist. Superstitious methods like applying moxibustion on the tooth picture drawn on the roofing tile need further confirmation. Mainly used acupuncture points were LI4, ST36, and HT7. 4. "Essential Rhymes on Acupuncture and Moxibustion by Master Sa-am", identified the cause of diseases according to visceral pattern identification. Stomach and Spleen in charge of vocal, lingual, and labial disease, Kidney for dental disease, and further scrutinizing identification according to Liver, Heart, Stomach, Lung, and Kidney manifestations. Used supplementation and draining needling methods of self meridians and other correlating meridians. Conclusions : After previous study on stroke and eye diseases, we could also find various efficient methods according to oral, glottal, labial and dental diseases, through literature research of korean medical classics. This study will concurrently result in establishing distinctive therapeutic method characteristic of Korea.

• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.65-80
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• 2008

Objectives: To identify the relationship between the internet addition of elementary school students, and their health behavior and VDT syndrome, and thereby to detect the impact of internet addiction on the health behavior of elementary school students, to get the basic information necessary to develop a prevention program for internet addiction and to plan for VDT syndrome prevention program. Methods: We conducted this study during the period from jun 27, 2007 through July 8, 2007. The subjects of this study were 416 children whose grades were in 4th through 6th grades of elementary schools located in the city A in Kyung Pook Providence. Data were obtained from self-rating questionnaires. The questionnaires were composed of Korean Internet Addiction Self-examination on Internet Use Patterns (K-scale), Health Behavior Profile, VDT Syndrome, and general characteristics. We used t-test, AVOVA with Ducan method for Post-hoc comparison in means comparison between groups, $X^2$-test for frequency analysis and Pearson's correlation coefficient. We used SPSS/PC(12.0 ver) program and the LISREL 8.53 Win program for covariance structural analysis. Results: Major results were as follows. 1. The internet addiction propensity distribution based on the distribution of scores were investigated according to the self diagnosis scale on internet addiction. 6.5% of them were high risk user group, 14.4% were potential risk users and 79.1% of them were common user groups. 2. Internet addictions by sex, internet use duration, frequency (days/week), time(hours/day), purpose, position, brightness of internet, attitude of parents and frequency of conversation of family members were statistically significant(p<0.01). 3. There was a statistically significant difference in VDT syndrome according to internet addiction groups(p<0.001) besides ocular symptoms, dry mouth and GI troubles. 4. The health behavior score was the lowest in high risk user group(p<0.001). There were significant differences between internet addiction groups in personal hygiene and habits of daily living(p<.002), the prevention of accidents(p<.002), the practice concerned with the prevention of infectious disease(p=.002), and mental health(p<.001). 5. There was also a significant negative correlation between internal addiction and health profile(r=-0.365, p<0.01) and a significant positive correlation between internal addiction and VDT syndrome(r=0.331, p<0.01). 6. As the result of structural model analysis, internet use time(/day), days of internet use(/1week), conversation frequency among family members, degree of brightness of internet use had significant direct effects on internet addiction. Conclusions: The results will help the development of an effective intervention program for the prevention and treatment of internal addiction by clarifying the effect of the internal addiction upon elementary school students' VDT syndrome and health behavior.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.168-175
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• 2014

Purpose: Study purposes were to exam effects of self-care education for children with type 1 diabetes on their diabetes management behaviors and to explore the relationship among diabetes management behaviors, knowledge, self-efficacy and clinical variables. Methods: This study was a one group quasi-experimental study. Study participants were children with type 1 diabetes and attended a four hour self-care education of a diabetes camp. Data were collected using structured questionnaires including Diabetes Management Behavior Scale (DMBS), Michigan Diabetes Research and Training Center's Brief Diabetes Knowledge Test and Self-Efficacy for Diabetes Self-Management. Results: The mean age of the participants was 12 (${\pm}2.3$) years. After the education, their DMBS and knowledge improved, but the improvement was not statistically significant (t=1.758, p=.101; t=0.528, p=.606). Two areas of DMBS, daily prevention behaviors and modification of care plan, were associated with study variables. Daily prevention behaviors were associated with duration of diabetes (r=.653, p=.008), HbA1c (r=.563, p=.038) and having a complication (r=-2.788, p=.015). Modification of care plan was associated with age at diagnosis (r=-.552, p=.033). Conclusion: Children with type 1 diabetes could improve some parts of their diabetes management behaviors even after a short diabetes camp.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.13-22
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• 2014

Objectives : Breast cancer has been the most prevalent female cancer in South Korea since 2001. Early detection of this disease is the most effective strategy for reducing mortality. The objective of this study was to identify factors which could predict advanced stage at diagnosis of breast cancer. Methods : Participants who were initially diagnosed with breast cancer and referred to the Stress Clinic of the Breast Cancer Center at Kyungpook National University Hospital were included. Through a semi-structured interview, the authors investigated psychosocial variables such as the extent of marital and family functioning and emotional-economic family burden as well as sociodemographic and health behavior-, health characteristic- and cancer-related variables. Results : Data were collected from 219 participants. One hundred and twenty(54.8%) subjects were diagnosed with advanced-stage breast cancer. Variables that were significantly different between the advanced-stage and early-stage groups included : monthly breast self examination(p<0.000), annual mammographic screening(p<0.000), mode of tumor detection(p<0.000), nature of the first symptoms(p<0.000), time to treatment after diagnosis(p<0.000), overloaded economic and family burden(p=0.018), marital functioning(p<0.000) and family functioning(p<0.00). Logistic regression analysis indicated that irregular annual mammography screening(OR=7.431 ; 95% CI 2.407-22.944) or a lack of screening(OR=25.299 ; 95% CI 7.855-81.482) and a dysfunctional marital relationship(OR=4.772 ; 95% CI 2.244-10.145) were significantly associated with advanced stage at diagnosis of breast cancer. Conclusions : We reconfirmed screening behavior to be a risk factor for delayed diagnosis of breast cancer. Our findings also emphasized the importance of psychosocial factors such as marital functioning in early detection of breast cancer. Psychiatric consultation in the area of martial functioning could be beneficial for increasing early detection in breast cancer.